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1、Reference number ISO 16165:2001(E) ISO 2001 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16165 First edition 2001-04-01 Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Terminology relating to oil spill response Navires et technologie maritime Protection de lenvironnement marin Terminologie relative la rpons
2、e aux dversements de ptrole Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E) P
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6、1 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the coun
7、try of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 ? CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2001 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under lice
8、nse with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reservediii ContentsPage Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1Scope 1 2Terms and definitions .1 2.1Oi
9、l/oil slick properties .1 2.2Oil classification 2 2.3Environmental conditions.3 2.4Assessment techniques4 2.5Sampling.4 2.6Containment (based on ASTM F 818-93)5 2.7Recovery.9 2.8Dispersant use.11 2.9Removal by in situ burning.12 2.10Shoreline cleanup13 2.11Disposal17 2.12Spill management17 Bibliogra
10、phy23 Index.25 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E) iv ISO 2001 Al
11、l rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a sub
12、ject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (I
13、EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intern
14、ational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
15、. International Standard ISO 16165 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 2, Marine environment protection. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/99725450
16、01 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reservedv Introduction Communication is important in the implementation of an effective spill response and this communication will be the most effect
17、ive if there is a common understanding of the terms used. Many of the terms and definitions listed here have been widely used for many years, while others are the results of recent experience. The gradual evolution of our understanding of oil spill behaviour and response and response measures means
18、that oil spill terminology will continue to develop. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
19、-,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 16165:2001(E) I
20、SO 2001 All rights reserved1 Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Terminology relating to oil spill response 1Scope This International Standard contains terms and definitions relating to oil spills and their control. The objective of this International Standard is to provide sta
21、ndardized terminology relating to oil spill response, defined as the broad range of activities related to spill cleanup, including surveillance and assessment, containment, recovery, dispersant-use, in-situ burning, shoreline cleanup and disposal. 2Terms and definitions 2.1Oil/oil slick properties 2
22、.1.1 crude oil naturally occurring form of petroleum, mainly occurring in a porous underground formation such as sandstone ISO 1998-99:2000 2.1.2 emulsification process in which microscopic droplets of water are mixed into the oil or are dispersed throughout the water 2.1.3 emulsion mixture of oil a
23、nd water in which droplets of water are dispersed throughout the oil or vice versa, formed when fluids are mixed by mechanical action NOTEEmulsions are more precisely referred to as water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions. Water-in-oil emulsions are occasionally referred to as “mousse“ or “chocolate
24、mousse“. 2.1.4 environmental fate form and location of a material resulting from transport and transformation ASTM E 943-95 2.1.5 heavy shoreline oiling pooled deposits or a layer of surface oil AURIS 1994 2.1.6 moderate/light shoreline oiling sheen or film of surface oil AURIS1994 Copyright Interna
25、tional Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 2.1.7 petroleum
26、 oil material consisting of, or derived from, a mixture of liquid or semi-solid organic compounds, principally hydrocarbons ISO 1998 2.1.8 relative viscosity measured viscosity of an emulsion (in any convenient unit) at a given shear rate divided by the measured viscosity of the oil at the same shea
27、r rate NOTE 1It is important to report the shear rate used in the viscosity measurements of the emulsion and the water free oil. NOTE 2Adapted from ASTM F 873-84 (88). 2.1.9 pour point lowest temperature at which a sample of petroleum product will continue to flow when it is cooled under specified s
28、tandard conditions ISO 3016:1994 2.1.10 sheen very thin oil slicks with a silvery or rainbow-coloured appearance and with a thickness of less than 0,001 mm 2.1.11 specific gravity ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid at 15 C to the mass of an equal volume of fresh water at the same temperat
29、ure ASTM D 4410-95 2.1.12 viscosity measure of the resistance to flow or deformation of a liquid ISO 3104:1994 2.1.13 windrows narrow bands of oil, generally aligned with the wind direction, typical of an oil slick after several hours of exposure (or days for very large spills) 2.2Oil classification
30、 2.2.1 group I oil non-persistent oil petroleum-based oil that consists of hydrocarbon fractions, at least 50 per cent of which distill at a temperature of 340 C and at least 95 per cent of which distill at a temperature of 370 C 2.2.2 group II oil persistent oil with a specific gravity of less than
31、 0,85 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights res
32、erved3 2.2.3 group III oil persistent oil with a specific gravity equal to or greater than 0,85 and less than 0,95 2.2.4 group IV oil persistent oil with a specific gravity greater than 1,00 2.2.5 group V oil persistent oil with a specific gravity greater than 1,00 2.2.6 persistent oil petroleum-bas
33、ed oil that does not meet the distillation criteria for a group I oil 2.3Environmental conditions 2.3.1 air temperature average or point temperature of the air measured at or near the ground or water surface (C) ASTM F 625-94 2.3.2 current average water speed and direction (i.e. velocity) relative t
34、o a fixed reference point (m/s) ASTM F 625-94 2.3.3 debris solid or semisolid substance that could interfere with the operation of a spill control system ASTM F 625-94 2.3.4 significant wave height average height, measured crest to trough, of the one-third highest waves, considering only short-perio
35、d waves (i.e. period less than 10 seconds) (m) ASTM F 625-94 2.3.5 significant wave period average period of the one-third highest waves, measured in seconds as the elapsed time between crests of succeeding waves past a fixed point(s) ASTM F 625-94 2.3.6 water temperature average or point temperatur
36、e of a water body as measured within the top 300 mm (C) ASTM F 625-94 2.3.7 wind direction direction from which the wind is blowing ASTM F 625-94 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Res
37、ale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E) 4 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 2.4Assessment techniques 2.4.1 ladder search aerial surveillance to find and delineate oil slicks, carried out in a direction perpendicular to the wind
38、in order to increase the probability of locating slicks and windrows 2.4.2 oil spill modelling mathematical prediction of the environmental fate and/or behaviour of an oil spill 2.4.3 remote sensing use of sensors to find delineate oil slicks, mounted on a variety of platforms such as ships, aircraf
39、t and satellites 2.4.4 surveillance response activities with the purpose of detecting a spill, determining the extent and behaviour of a spill, optimizing countermeasures and/or predicting spill movements and effects 2.5Sampling 2.5.1 chain-of-custody documentation chronological evidence defining th
40、e history of an item, such as a sample, and identifying an individual responsible for custody of the item at each point in time ASTM D 4840-95 2.5.2 custody physical possession or control NOTE 1A sample is under custody if it is in an individuals possession or under the immediate control of an indiv
41、idual to prevent altercation of characteristics. NOTE 2Adapted from ASTM D 4840-95. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking perm
42、itted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved5 2.6Containment (based on ASTM F 818-93) 2.6.1Floating boom equipment terminology Key 1Boom end connector 2Boom segment 3Boom section 4Water line 5Freeboard 6Draught 7Flotation chamber hOverall height Figure 1 Contai
43、nment boom equipment 2.6.1.1 anchor point structural point on the end connector or along the length of a boom section designed for the attachment of anchor or mooring lines 2.6.1.2 barrier method of controlling the movement of oil or other substances on the water surface or in the water column 2.6.1
44、.3 boom floating mechanical barrier used to control the movement of substances that float 2.6.1.4 boom section length of boom between two end connectors 2.6.1.5 boom segment repetitive and similar portion of the boom section 2.6.1.6 bridle device attached to a boom to distribute the load exerted by
45、towing or anchoring the boom Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 21:20:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16165:2001(E)
46、6 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 2.6.1.7 curtain type boom boom consisting of a flexible skirt supported by vertical centreline flotation 2.6.1.8 end connector device attached to the boom used for joining boom sections to one another or to other accessory devices 2.6.1.9 “fence type“ boom boom consist
47、ing of a self-supporting or stiffened membrane supported by floating devices 2.6.1.10 fire resistant boom boom intended for containment of burning oil slicks 2.6.1.11 inflatable boom boom that uses inflatable chambers, self-inflatable or manually, as the flotation device 2.6.1.12 shore seal boom boo
48、m that, when grounded, seals against the shoreline 2.6.1.13 sorbent boom material contained or arranged in the form of a boom that has absorptive or adsorptive capabilities 2.6.1.14 special purpose boom boom that departs from the general characteristics of “fence type“ and “curtain type“ booms, either in design or i