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1、 Reference number ISO 3140:2005(E) ISO 2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3140 Third edition 2005-09-01 Oil of sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, obtained by mechanical treatment Huile essentielle dorange douce Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck obtenue par des procds mcaniques Copyright International
2、Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded type
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7、le 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/99
8、72545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO membe
9、r bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmenta
10、l and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directi
11、ves, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
12、 casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3140 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 54, Essential oils. This third e
13、dition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3140:1990), which has been technically revised. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or
14、 networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
15、-,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3140:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Oil of sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, obtained by mechanical treatment 1 Scope This International Standard specifies certain characteristics of the oil of sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, in order to fac
16、ilitate assessment of its quality. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
17、applies. ISO/TR 210, Essential oils General rules for packaging, conditioning and storage ISO/TR 211, Essential oils General rules for labelling and marking of containers ISO 212, Essential oils Sampling ISO 279, Essential oils Determination of relative density at 20 C Reference method ISO 280, Esse
18、ntial oils Determination of refractive index ISO 592, Essential oils Determination of optical rotation ISO 1271, Essential oils Determination of carbonyl value Free hydroxylamine method ISO 4715, Essential oils Quantitative evaluation of residue on evaporation ISO 11024-1, Essential oils General gui
19、dance on chromatographic profiles Part 1: Preparation of chromatographic profiles for presentation in standards ISO 11024-2, Essential oils General guidance on chromatographic profiles Part 2: Utilization of chromatographic profiles of samples of essential oils 3 Terms and definitions For the purpos
20、es of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 oil of sweet orange essential oil obtained without heating, by mechanical treatment, from the pericarp of the fruit of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and djalonis A. Chevalier, of the Rutaceae family NOTE For information on the CAS num
21、ber, see ISO/TR 21092. 4 Requirements 4.1 Appearance Clear mobile liquid. 4.2 Colour Yellow to reddish yellow. 4.3 Odour Characteristic, orange peel odour. 4.4 Relative density at 20 C, 20 20 d Minimum: 0,842 0 Maximum: 0,850 0 4.5 Refractive index at 20 C Minimum: 1,470 0 Maximum: 1,476 0 4.6 Optic
22、al rotation at 20 C Between +94 and +99. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 31
23、40:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 4.7 Carbonyl compound content, expressed as decanal Minimum: 1,1 % Maximum: 3,1 % 4.8 Residue on evaporation Minimum: 1,0 % Maximum: 3,0 % 4.9 Chromatographic profile Analysis of the essential oil shall be carried out by gas chromatography. In the chromatogr
24、am obtained, the representative and characteristic components shown in Table 1 shall be identified. The proportions of these components, indicated by the integrator, shall be as shown in Table 1. This constitutes the chromato- graphic profile of the essential oil. Table 1 Chromatographic profile Sem
25、itropical type Mediterranean type (Brazil, Argentina, Florida) (California, France, Israel, Italy, Spain) Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Component % % % % -Pinene 0,4 0,8 0,4 0,8 -Pinene 0,02 0,15 0,02 0,15 Sabinene 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,5 Myrcene 1,5 3,5 1,5 3,5 Limonenea 93,0 96,0 93,0 96,0 n-Octanal 0,1
26、 0,3 0,1 0,45 n-Nonanal 0,01 0,06 0,01 0,06 n-Decanal 0,1 0,6 0,2 0,7 Linalool 0,15 0,7 0,2 0,7 Neral 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,1 Valencene 0,01 0,3 0,03 0,4 Geranial 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 -Sinensal 0,01 0,05 0,02 0,06 -Sinensal 0,01 0,04 0,02 0,05 NOTE The chromatographic profile is normative, contrary to typical
27、chromatograms given for information in Annex A. a The limonene found is regarded to be predominantly D-limonene based on the physical testing. It is believed that there might be a small amount of L-limonene present but the exact quantity is unknown. Copyright International Organization for Standardi
28、zation Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 4.10 Flashpoint Information on the flashpoint is
29、given in Annex B. 5 Sampling See ISO 212. Minimum volume of test sample: 25 ml. NOTE This volume allows each of the tests specified in this International Standard to be carried out at least once. 6 Test methods 6.1 Relative density at 20 C, 20 20 d See ISO 279. 6.2 Refractive index at 20 C See ISO 2
30、80. 6.3 Optical rotation at 20 C See ISO 592. 6.4 Carbonyl compound content, expressed as decanal See ISO 1271. Test portion: 10 g Standing time: 15 min 6.5 Residue on evaporation See ISO 4715. Test portion: 5 g Evaporation time: 5 h 6.6 Chromatographic profile See ISO 11024-1 and ISO 11024-2. 7 Pac
31、kaging, labelling, marking and storage See ISO/TR 210 and ISO/TR 211. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without
32、license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved Annex A (informative) Typical chromatograms of the analysis by gas chromatography of the essential oil of sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, obtained by mechanical treatment Copyright International Organization for Standar
33、dization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5 Peak identification Operating conditions 1 2 3
34、4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 -Pinene Sabinene -Pinene Myrcene n-Octanal Limonene n-Nonanal Linalool n-Decanal Neral Geranial Valencene -Sinensal -Sinensal Column: fused silica capillary; length 30 m; internal diameter 0,2 mm Stationary phase: poly(dimethyl siloxane) (SPS) Film thickness: 0,20 m Oven t
35、emperature: isothermal at 80 C for 4 min, then temperature programming from 80 C to 250 C at a rate of 5 C/min, then isothermal at 250 C for 10 min Injector temperature: 275 C Detector temperature: 300 C Detector: flame ionization type Carrier gas: helium Volume injected: 0,1 l Carrier gas flow rate
36、: 0,3 ml/min Split ratio: 1/100 Figure A.1 Typical chromatogram taken on an apolar column Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networkin
37、g permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) 6 ISO 2005 All rights reserved Peak identification Operating conditions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 -Pinene -Pinene Sabinene Myrcene Limonene n-Octanal n-Nonanal n-Decanal Linalool Neral Valencene Geranial -Sinensal -Sinensal Column: f
38、used silica capillary; length 30 m internal diameter 0,20 mm Stationary phase: poly(ethylene glycol) (DB-WAX) Film thickness: 0,20 m Oven temperature: isothermal at 80 C for 4 min, then temperature programming from 80 C to 250 C at a rate of 5 C/min, then isothermal at 250 C for 10 min Injector temp
39、erature: 275 C Detector temperature: 300 C Detector: flame ionization type Carrier gas: helium Volume injected: 0,1 l Carrier gas flow rate: 0,3 ml/min Split ratio: 1/100 Figure A.2 Typical chromatogram taken on a polar column Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS
40、under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 7 Annex B (informative) Flashpoint B.1 General information For safety reas
41、ons, transport companies, insurance companies, and people in charge of safety services require information on the flashpoints of essential oils, which in most cases are flammable products. A comparative study on the relevant methods of analysis (see ISO/TR 11018) concluded that it was difficult to r
42、ecommend a single apparatus for standardization purposes, given that: there is wide variation in the chemical composition of essential oils; the volume of the sample needed in certain requirements would be too costly for high- priced essential oils; as there are several different types of equipment
43、which can be used for the determination, users cannot be expected to use one specified type only. Consequently, it was decided to give a mean value for the flashpoint in an informative annex to each International Standard in order to meet the requirements of the interested parties. The equipment wit
44、h which this value was obtained should be specified. For further information see ISO/TR 11018. B.2 Flashpoint of the essential oil of sweet orange The mean value is +43 C. NOTE Obtained with “Luchaire“ equipment. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license
45、with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) 8 ISO 2005 All rights reserved Bibliography 1 ISO/TR 11018, Essential oils General guidance on the determination of f
46、lashpoint 2 ISO/TR 21092, Essential oils Characterization Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
47、 IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:03:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3140:2005(E) ICS 71.100.60 Price based on 8 pages ISO 2005 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under