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1、 Reference number ISO 15387:2005(E) ISO 2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15387 First edition 2005-06-01 Space systems Single-junction solar cells Measurement and calibration procedures Systmes spatiaux Cellules solaires simple jonction Mthodes de mesure et dtalonnage ISO 15387:2005(E) PDF disclaimer
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6、uester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved ISO 15387:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Sc
7、ope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms6 5 Measurement principles for space solar cells.7 5.1 Measurement principles.7 5.2 Current-voltage characteristics.7 6 Basic requirements for AM0 standard solar cell .8 6.1 General.8 6.2 Classification.8 6.3 Sel
8、ection 9 6.4 Temperature measurement9 6.5 Electrical connections9 6.6 Calibration9 6.7 Data sheet9 6.8 Marking.10 6.9 Packaging 10 6.10 Care of AM0 standard solar cells 12 6.11 Calibration of AM0 standard solar cells .13 7 Requirements for AM0 solar spectral irradiance.13 7.1 General.13 7.2 AM0 sola
9、r spectral irradiance13 8 Calibration for AM0 standard solar cells13 8.1 General.13 8.2 Extraterrestrial AM0 standard solar cell.15 8.3 Synthetic AM0 standard solar cell 15 8.4 Calibration methods of extraterrestrial AM0 standard solar cell.15 8.5 Calibration methods of synthetic AM0 standard solar
10、cell 28 9 Calibration of secondary AM0 standard solar cell 38 9.1 General.38 9.2 Solar simulator38 9.3 Ground level sunlight (if needed)38 9.4 Calibration procedure.38 Annex A (normative) Measurement of current-voltage characteristics40 Annex B (normative) Computation of spectral mismatch error 44 A
11、nnex C (normative) Measurement methods of the spectral response.46 Annex D (normative) Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections .51 Annex E (normative) Uncertainty analysis of AM0 standard solar cell calibration.55 Annex F (informative) AM0 solar spectral irradiance .60 Annex G (normati
12、ve) Solar simulator performance requirements68 Annex H (normative) Measurement method of the spectral irradiance71 Annex I (normative) Linearity measurement methods .78 ISO 15387:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
13、federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that c
14、ommittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in acco
15、rdance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requi
16、res approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15387 was prepared by Technica
17、l Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 15387:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard is consistent with the principles associated with photovoltaic solar cells established by IEC/TC 82, Solar p
18、hotovoltaic energy systems. It provides specific requirements and procedures that apply to the use of solar photovoltaic cells in outer space. It introduces the principle of the air mass zero cell, which serves as a standard reference for primary calibration purposes. All further calibration is then
19、 compared to the results obtained with these cells. The calibration procedures for primary solar cells are established, as well as the corresponding measuring methods for secondary cells. Calibration methods using extra-terrestrial and synthetic techniques are given. Comparative tests are in prepara
20、tion. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15387:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Space systems Single-junction solar cells Measurement and calibration procedures 1 Scope This International Standard specifies measurement and calibration procedures of single-junction space solar cells only. The main body
21、 of this international standard specifies the requirements for Air Mass Zero (AM0) standard calibration and the relative measurement procedures are provided as annexes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referen
22、ces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60891, Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections to measured current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) d
23、evices IEC 60904-1, Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage (I-V) characteristics IEC 60904-2, Requirements for reference solar cells IEC 60904-3, Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data IEC 60904-7, Computation of spectral m
24、ismatch error introduced in the testing of a photovoltaic (PV) device IEC 60904-8, Guidance for the measurement of spectral response of a photovoltaic (PV) device IEC 60904-9, Solar simulator performance requirements IEC 61798, Linearity measurement methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes o
25、f this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air mass (AM) length of path through the earths atmosphere traversed by the direct solar beam, expressed as a multiple of the path traversed to a point at sea level with the sun directly overhead NOTE The value of air mass is 1 at sea l
26、evel with a cloudless sky when the sun is directly overhead and the air pressure P = 1,013 105 Pa. At any point on the earth surface, the value of the air mass is given by: AM = (P/P0) (1/sin) ISO 15387:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved where P = local air pressure in pascals; P0 = 1,013 105, i
27、n pascals; = solar elevation angle (degrees). 3.2 air mass zero AM0 absence of atmospheric attenuation of the solar irradiance at one astronomical unit from the sun 3.3 AM0 standard solar cell calibrated solar cell used to measure irradiance or to set simulator irradiance levels in terms of an air m
28、ass zero (AM0) reference solar spectral irradiance distribution 3.4 ambient temperature Tamb temperature of the air surrounding the solar cell as measured in a vented enclosure and shielded from solar, sky and ground radiation 3.5 angle of incidence angle between the direct irradiant beam and the no
29、rmal to the active surface 3.6 astronomical unit AU unit of length defined as the semi major axis of earth orbit NOTE 1 AU = 149 597 890 km 500 km. 3.7 cell temperature Tj cell temperature as one of ambient air in absence of cell illumination or under short duration light pulse (flash) NOTE Tj is no
30、t very different from the temperature of the cell exposed face. 3.8 current temperature coefficient change of the short-circuit current of a solar cell as a function of the change of cell temperature NOTE is expressed in amperes per degree Celsius (AC1). 3.9 conversion efficiency ratio of “maximum e
31、lectrical power output” to the product of generator area and incident irradiance measured under defined test conditions and expressed as a percentage 3.10 current-voltage characteristics output current of a solar cell as a function of output voltage, at a particular temperature and irradiance NOTE I
32、 = f(V). ISO 15387:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 3.11 fill factor FF ratio of maximum power to the product of open circuit voltage and short-circuit current NOTE FF = Pmax/(Voc Isc). 3.12 irradiance radiant power incident upon unit area of surface NOTE It is expressed in watts per square me
33、tre (Wm2). 3.13 irradiation integration of irradiance over a specified period of time NOTE It is expressed in megajoules per square metre (MJm2) per hour, day, week, month or year. 3.14 linearity performance of a solar cell with respect to: the variation of the slope of short-circuit current to irra
34、diance; the variation of the slope of open circuit voltage to the logarithm of irradiance; the variation of the slope of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage to cell temperature; and the variation of relative spectral response at a specified voltage 3.15 load current IL current supplied by
35、 the solar cell at a particular temperature and irradiance, into a load connected across its terminals 3.16 load voltage VL voltage appearing across the terminals of a load connected to the terminals of the solar cell at a particular temperature and irradiance 3.17 load power PL power supplied to a
36、load connected to the terminals of the solar cell at a particular temperature and irradiance; NOTE PL = VL LL. 3.18 maximum power Pmax power at the point on the current-voltage characteristics where the product of current and voltage is a maximum at a particular temperature and irradiance NOTE Pmax
37、= Vmax Imax ISO 15387:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3.19 maximum power voltage VPmax voltage corresponding to maximum power at a particular temperature and irradiance 3.20 maximum power current IPmax current corresponding to maximum power at a particular temperature and irradiance 3.21 modu
38、le assembly of interconnected solar cells 3.22 open circuit voltage Voc voltage across a solar cell with no load at a particular temperature and irradiance 3.23 ozone content volume of ozone at standard temperature and pressure in a vertical column of the atmosphere NOTE Ozone content is measured wi
39、th a Dobson spectrophotometer. 3.24 pyranometer radiometer normally used to measure global sunlight irradiance on a horizontal plane NOTE A pyranometer can also be used at an angle to measure the total sunlight irradiance on an inclined plane, which in this case includes an element caused by radiati
40、on reflected from the foreground. 3.25 pyrheliometer radiometer, complete with a collimator, used to measure direct sunlight irradiance NOTE This instrument is sometimes called normal incidence pyrheliometer, or NIP. 3.26 rated current assigned value of current of a solar cell at the rated voltage u
41、nder specified operating conditions 3.27 rated power assigned value of power output of a solar cell at rated voltage under specified operating conditions 3.28 rated voltage assigned value of voltage under specified operating conditions 3.29 relative spectral response S()rel spectral response normali
42、zed to unity at wavelength of maximum response NOTE S()rel = S()/S()max ISO 15387:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5 3.30 short circuit current ISC output current of a solar cell in the short-circuit condition at a particular temperature and irradiance 3.31 solar cell basic photovoltaic device t
43、hat generates electricity when exposed to sunlight 3.32 solar constant rate of total solar energy at all wavelengths incident on a unit area exposed normally to rays of the sun at one astronomical unit in AM0 conditions NOTE The average of values is 1 367 Wm2 7 Wm2. 3.33 solar elevation angle angle
44、between the direct solar beam and the horizontal plane NOTE This angle is measured in radians. 3.34 spectral irradiance E irradiance per unit bandwidth at a particular wavelength NOTE The units are expressed as Wm2m6. 3.35 spectral photon irradiance Ep photon flux density at a particular wavelength
45、NOTE Ep = 5,035 1014 E, where is expressed in micrometers. 3.36 spectral irradiance distribution spectral irradiance plotted as a function of wavelength NOTE The units are expressed as Wm2m6. 3.37 spectral response S() short-circuit current density generated by unit irradiance at a particular wavele
46、ngth as a function of wavelength NOTE The units is AW1. 3.38 standard test conditions STC at cell temperature of 25 C 1 C and at one solar constant AM0 irradiance of 1 367 Wm2 as measured with an AM0 standard solar cell using the AM0 reference extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance NOTE Cell tem
47、perature of 28 C only applies to 8.4.1. ISO 15387:2005(E) 6 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3.39 voltage temperature coefficient change of the open circuit voltage of a solar cell as a function of the change of cell temperature NOTE is expressed in volts per degree Celsius (VC1). 4 Symbols and abbrevia
48、ted terms AM air mass AM0 air mass zero AU astronomical unit coefficient of current temperature coefficient of voltage temperature CAST China Academy of Space Technology CNES French National Space Research Center ESA European Space Agency E spectral irradiance Ep photonic spectral irradiance FF fill
49、 factor GMT Greenwich mean time GPS global positioning system IL load current IPmax maximum power current Isc short circuit current INTA-Spasolab Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aerospacial - Spasolab I-V current-voltage JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA-GRC National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center NASDA National Space Development Agency of Japan NIP normal incidence pyrheliometer NSBF National Scientific Bal