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1、Reference number ISO 2244:2000(E) ISO 2000 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2244 Third edition 2000-03-01 Packaging Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads Horizontal impact tests Emballages Emballages dexpdition complets et pleins et charges unitaires Essais de choc horizontal ISO 2244:2000(E)
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5、000 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the co
6、untry of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 ? CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 734 10 79 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2000 All rights reserved ISO 2244:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reservediii Foreword ISO (the International
7、Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been esta
8、blished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiza
9、tion. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75
10、% of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 2244 was prepared by
11、Technical Committee ISO/TC 122,Packaging, Subcommittee SC 3,Performance requirements and tests for means of packaging, packages and unit loads (as required by ISO/TC 122). This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2244:1985) which has been technically revised. -,-,- ISO 2244:20
12、00(E) iv ISO 2000 All rights reserved Introduction It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate health and safety practice in accordance with relevant legislation. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 2244:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved1 Packaging Complete,
13、 filled transport packages and unit loads Horizontal impact tests 1Scope This International Standard specifies methods of horizontal impact testing (horizontal or inclined plane test and pendulum test) on a complete, filled transport package or a unit load. The test may be performed either as a sing
14、le test to investigate the effects of horizontal impact or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package or a unit load to withstand a distribution system that includes a horizontal impact hazard. 2Normative references The following normative documents contain provision
15、s which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate th
16、e possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2206,Packaging Complete,
17、filled transport packages Identification of parts when testing. ISO 2233,Packaging Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads Conditioning for testing. 3Term and definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following term and definition applies. 3.1 test specimen a complet
18、e, filled transport package or unit load 4Principle Applying a horizontal velocity to the test specimen and bringing it to a halt by impact with a vertical impact surface. The atmospheric conditions, the impact velocity and the attitude of the test specimen are predetermined. Particular conditions o
19、f impact may be simulated by placing appropriately profiled inserts between the impact surface and the impacting face or edge of the test specimen. 5Apparatus 5.1Impact surface, which should be either: a)a plane inclined to the vertical at 10 ? 1? (for the inclined plane test), or b)a plane vertical
20、 to within 1? (for the horizontal or pendulum test). -,-,- ISO 2244:2000(E) 2 ISO 2000 All rights reserved The dimensions of the impact surface shall be greater than those of the impacting face, or selected part, of the test specimen. The impact surface shall be sufficiently rigid not to deflect mor
21、e than 0,25 mm when a load of 160 kg/cm2is applied anywhere on the surface. In addition, the apparatus shall meet the requirements and tolerances specified in clause 7. 5.2Optional interposed hazards, which are to be used when it is required to concentrate the impact in a particular area of the test
22、 specimen. The dimensions, material and location of the interposed hazard shall be carefully specified. EXAMPLEA steel beam with a length of 200 mm and a cross-section of (100 ? 1) mm ? (100 ? 1) mm with rounded edges of radius (5 ? 0,5) mm, placed centrally to the impact surface (5.1). 5.3Impact ap
23、paratus, types which may be used are described in 5.3.1, 5.3.2 and 5.3.3. 5.3.1Inclined plane tester, (see Figure 1) consisting of the following items: 5.3.1.1Two-rail steel track, inclined at 10? to the horizontal. The distance along the incline shall be graduated at intervals of 50 mm. 5.3.1.2Roll
24、ing carriage, of which the surface friction between the rolling carriage/dolly and the test specimen shall be such that during movement from rest to impact the test specimen will not move in relation to the carriage, but such that upon impact the test specimen will move freely. 5.3.1.3Impact surface
25、 (or bumper), meeting the specifications of 5.1, placed at the bottom of the track with its face perpendicular to the direction of movement of the carriage down the track. 5.3.2Horizontal plane tester, consisting of the following items: 5.3.2.1Two-rail steel track, fixed in the horizontal plane. 5.3
26、.2.2Rolling carriage, which can be mechanically driven in such a manner that its velocity is known at the moment of the impact. The surface friction between the rolling carriage/dolly and the test specimen shall be such that during movement from rest to impact the test specimen will not move in rela
27、tion to the carriage, but such that upon impact the test specimen will move freely. 5.3.2.3Impact surface or bumper, at one end of the track. The impact surface shall have its face perpendicular to within 1? to the direction of movement of the carriage along the track. 5.3.3Pendulum apparatus, consi
28、sting of a rectangular platform suspended at each corner by steel rods or ropes so that in its rest position the front edge just touches the impact surface that meets the specifications of 5.1. The suspension system shall be such that it moves freely and its path is not obstructed when the test spec
29、imen is mounted on the platform (see Figure 2). 5.4Impact measuring apparatus, when required, this shall be fitted on the carriage, allowing measuring and recording of the peak deceleration and impact velocity. -,-,- ISO 2244:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved3 Key 1Impact of surface (or bumper) 2
30、Test specimen 3Rolling carriage 4Two-rail steel track NOTE 1The track and the wheels should be kept clean. NOTE 2The wheel bearings should be regularly lubricated. Roller bearings are recommended. NOTE 3A suitable impact surface comprises a number of heavy timbers mounted horizontally across the fac
31、e of the structure such as the optional interposed hazard (5.2) can be fitted easily when required. NOTE 4It is recommended that the impact surface (or bumper) be made in such a way that the carriage can travel underneath it for about 100 mm so that the test specimen impacts the bumper before the ca
32、rriage stops. NOTE 5The apparatus should preferably be equipped with a device to prevent the carriage from rebounding after the impact. Either a spring damper or an oil damper may be incorporated into such a device. Figure 1 Incline plane tester -,-,- ISO 2244:2000(E) 4 ISO 2000 All rights reserved
33、Key 1Steel rods or ropes 2Impact surface 3Test specimen 4Rectangular platform NOTEFor certain types of test specimen, such as carboys, it may be sufficient to suspend the test specimen from a single rod or rope. In both instances the suspension system shall not impart a rotary movement to the test s
34、pecimen. Figure 2 Pendulum apparatus -,-,- ISO 2244:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved5 6Test specimen preparation and conditioning 6.1Preparation Fill the test specimen with its intended contents and ensure that it is closed normally, as if ready for distribution. NOTESimulated or substituted con
35、tents may be used, on condition that the dimensions and physical properties of such contents should be as close as possible to those of the intended contents. The closure should still be as for distribution. 6.2Conditioning The test specimen shall be conditioned in accordance with one of the conditi
36、ons described in ISO 2233. 7Procedure 7.1General 7.1.1Wherever possible the test shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions identical to those used for conditioning, and particularly where this is critical to the materials or application of the test specimen. In other circumstances, the test sha
37、ll be carried out in atmospheric conditions which approximate those used for conditioning as closely as is practicable. 7.1.2The velocity at impact shall be within ? 5 % of the predetermined impact velocity. 7.1.3When the impact is on a face, the test specimen shall strike the impact surface so that
38、 the angle between the face and the plane of the impact surface is less than 2?. 7.1.4When the impact is on an edge, the attitude of the test specimen at impact shall be such that the angle ? between the edge and the plane of the impact surface is less than 2? and such that the angle ? between one a
39、djacent face and the impact surface is within ? 5? or 10 % of the predetermined angle, whichever is the greater (see Figure 3). 7.1.5When the impact is on a corner, the test specimen shall strike the impact surface so that the angle ? between any face adjoining the tested corner and the impact surfa
40、ce is within ? 5 or 10 % of the predetermined angle, whichever is the greater (see Figure 4). 7.2Inclined plane test 7.2.1Place the test specimen on the carriage in an attitude that will ensure that it strikes the impact surface (5.3.1.3) in the desired position. 7.2.2Whenever possible the test spec
41、imen shall not project beyond the edges of the carriage. Raise the carriage to that height, up the incline (5.3.1.1), which corresponds with the desired impact velocity, then release it. 7.3Horizontal plane test 7.3.1Place the test specimen on the carriage (5.3.2.2) as described in 7.1. 7.3.2Set the
42、 carriage in motion along the steel track at a velocity predetermined to give the desired impact velocity on the impact surface (5.3.2.3). 7.4Pendulum test 7.4.1Place the test specimen on the rectangular platform (see 5.3.3 and Figure 2) so that the impacting face or edge just touches the impact sur
43、face. -,-,- ISO 2244:2000(E) 6 ISO 2000 All rights reserved 7.4.2Raise the pendulum by pulling out the platform to the distance from the impact surface appropriate to the velocity required, then release it. ?1, ?2: ? 2? ?1, ?2: ? 5? or ? 10 % a)Impact on a vertical edgeb)Impact on a horizontal edge
44、Figure 3 Tolerances on the test specimen attitude for an impact on an edge ISO 2244:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved7 ?1, ?2: ? 5? or ? 10 % NOTEShown for the inclined plane test. The same tolerances apply to the horizontal plane and pendulum tests. Figure 4 Tolerances on the test specimen attit
45、ude for an impact on a corner 8Test report The test report shall include: a)a reference to this International Standard; b)the name and address of testing laboratory and the name and address of customer; c)the unique identification of the report; d)the date of receipt of the test specimens and the da
46、te(s) of performance of the test; e)the name, title and signature of persons accepting test responsibility for the test report; f)a statement to the effect that the results relate only to the specimens tested; g)a statement that the report shall not be reproduced except in full without the written a
47、pproval of the testing laboratory; h)the number of replicate test specimens tested; i)a full description, including dimensions, structural and material specifications of the test specimen and its fittings, cushioning, blocking, closure and reinforcing arrangements, gross mass of the test specimen an
48、d mass of the contents in kilograms; j)a description of the contents and if simulated or substituted contents were used, full details shall be given; -,-,- ISO 2244:2000(E) 8 ISO 2000 All rights reserved k)the relative humidity, the temperature and time of conditioning, the temperature and relative humidity of the test area at the time of test, and whether these values comply with the requirements of ISO 2233; l)the attitudes in which the test specimen was tested, using the method of identification given in ISO