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1、Reference number ISO 4406:1999(E) ISO 1999 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4406 Second edition 1999-12-01 Hydraulic fluid power Fluids Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles Transmissions hydrauliques Fluides Mthode de codification du niveau de pollution particulaire solide Copyr
2、ight International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/08/2009 03:59:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4406:1999(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedde
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5、e optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 1999 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specifi
6、ed, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case
7、 postale 56 ? CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 734 10 79 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 1999 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164
8、Not for Resale, 04/08/2009 03:59:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4406:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reservediii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).
9、 The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
10、governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part
11、3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 4406 was prepared by Technical Committee IS
12、O/TC 131,Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 6,Contamination control and hydraulic fluids. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4406:1987), which has been technically revised. The new edition introduces a three-part code for contamination levels measured with automatic pa
13、rticle counters calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. It also introduces equivalent particle sizes for such counters, based on calibration with NIST standard reference material SRM 2806. The particle sizes to be reported for measurement by using a microscope, W5 m and W15 m, are unchanged from th
14、ose specified in ISO 4406:1987. Defining the automatic particle counter code sizes in this way validates direct comparison of measurements made in accordance with this standard using either measurement method, or between such measurements and data records based on ISO 4406:1987. Annex A forms a norm
15、ative part of this International Standard. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/08/2009 03:59:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4406:1999(E)
16、iv ISO 1999 All rights reserved Introduction In hydraulic fluid power systems, power is transmitted and controlled through a liquid under pressure within an enclosed circuit. Solid-particle contaminant is always present in the hydraulic fluid, and the amount needs to be determined because the contam
17、inant may cause serious problems. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/08/2009 03:59:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO
18、4406:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved1 Hydraulic fluid power Fluids Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles 1Scope This International Standard specifies the code to be used in defining the quantity of solid particles in the fluid used in a given hydraulic fluid power syst
19、em. 2Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agr
20、eements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain regist
21、ers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4407:1991,Hydraulic fluid power Fluid contamination Determination of particulate contamination by the counting method using a microscope. ISO 11171:1999,Hydraulic fluid power Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquids. ISO 11500:1997,Hy
22、draulic fluid power Determination of particulate contamination by automatic counting using the light extinction principle. 3Code definition 3.1General The purpose of this code is to simplify the reporting of particle count data by converting the numbers of particles into broad classes or codes, wher
23、e an increase in one code is generally a doubling of the contamination level. The original code in accordance with ISO 4406:1987 stated the reporting at two sizes, W5 m and W15 m, but the sizes in this revision have been changed to account for the use of a different calibration standard for optical
24、automatic particle counters. The reported sizes are W4 m(c), W6 m(c) and W14 m(c), the last two of these being equivalent to the 5 m and 15 m particle sizes obtained using the ISO 4402:1991 method of calibrating automatic particle counters. ISO 4402:1991 has been replaced by ISO 11171:1999. Througho
25、ut this International Standard, the use of m(c) means that particle size measurements are carried out using an automatic particle counter which has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. Measurement of particles using an optical microscope as specified in ISO 4407:1991 establishes the size of
26、 a particle as being equal to its longest dimension, whereas an automatic particle counter derives the size of an equivalent particle from its cross-sectional area, a value different in most cases from that determined using a microscope. The particle sizes to be reported for measurement by microscop
27、e, W5 m and W15 m, are unchanged from those specified in ISO 4406:1987. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/08/2009 03:59:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
28、m IHS -,-,- ISO 4406:1999(E) 2 ISO 1999 All rights reserved CAUTION Particle counts are affected by a variety of factors. These factors include procurement of sample, particle counting accuracy, and the sample container, where used, and its cleanliness. Proper care should be taken during sample proc
29、urement to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the fluid circulation in the system. 3.2Basis of code The code for contamination levels using automatic particle counters comprises three scale numbers, which permit the differentiation of the dimension and the distribution of the parti
30、cles as follows: ?the first scale number represents the number of particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c) per millilitre of fluid; ?the second scale number represents the number of particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c) per millilitre of fluid; ?the third scale number represents the number of par
31、ticles equal to or larger than 14 m(c) per millilitre of fluid. The code for microscope counting comprises two scale numbers using 5 m and 15 m. 3.3Allocation of scale numbers 3.3.1The scale numbers are allocated according to the number of particles counted per millilitre of the fluid sample (see Ta
32、ble 1). 3.3.2A step ratio of generally two, as given between the upper and lower limits for the number of particles per millilitre in Table 1, has been adopted to keep the number of scale numbers within a reasonable limit and to ensure that each step is meaningful. 3.4Determination of code using aut
33、omatic particle counter analysis 3.4.1Counting shall be undertaken in accordance with ISO 11500 or another recognised method, using an automatic particle counter calibrated to ISO 11171. 3.4.2A scale number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c). 3.4.3A second s
34、cale number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c). 3.4.4A third scale number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal to or larger than 14 m(c). 3.4.5The three numbers shall be written one after the other and separated by oblique strokes (slashes). E
35、XAMPLEA code of 22/18/13 signifies that there are more than 20000 and up to and including 40000 particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c), more than 1300 and up to and including 2500 particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c) and more than 40 and up to and including 80 particles equal to or larger than
36、 14 m(c) in 1 ml of a given fluid sample. 3.4.6When applicable, include either a “*“ (too numerous to count) or a “ (no requirement to count) notation when reporting the scale number. EXAMPLE 1*/19/14 means that this sample has too many particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c) to count. EXAMPLE 2/19
37、/14 means that there was no requirement to count particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/08/2009 03:59:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted
38、without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4406:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved3 Table 1 Allocation of scale numbers Number of particles per millilitreScale number More thanUp to and including 2500000?28 1300000250000028 640000130000027 32000064000026 16000032000025 8000016000024 400008000023 200004000
39、022 100002000021 50001000020 2500500019 1300250018 640130017 32064016 16032015 8016014 408013 204012 102011 51010 2,559 1,32,58 0,641,37 0,320,646 0,160,325 0,080,164 0,040,083 0,020,042 0,010,021 0,000,010 NOTEReproducibility below scale number 8 is affected by the actual number of particles counte
40、d in the fluid sample. Raw counts should be more than 20 particles. If this is not possible, then refer to 3.4.7. 3.4.7When the raw data in one of the size ranges results in a particle count of fewer than 20 particles, the scale number for that size range shall be labelled with the symbol W. EXAMPLE
41、A code of 14/12/W7 signifies that there are more than 80 and up to and including 160 particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c) per millilitre and more than 20 and up to and including 40 particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c) per millilitre. The third part of the code, W7, indicates that there are m
42、ore than 0,64 and up to and including 1,3 particles equal to or larger than 14 m(c) per millilitre, but less than 20 particles were counted, which lowers statistical confidence. Because of this lower confidence, the 14 m(c) part of the code could actually be higher than 7, indicating a particle coun
43、t more than 1,3 particles per millilitre. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/08/2009 03:59:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4406:1999(E) 4
44、 ISO 1999 All rights reserved 3.5Determination of code using microscope sizing 3.5.1Counting shall be undertaken in accordance with ISO 4407. 3.5.2A scale number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal to or larger than 5 m. 3.5.3A second scale number shall be allocated to the number of
45、particles equal to or larger than 15 m. 3.5.4In order to relate to counts obtained with an automatic particle counter, the code shall be stated in three- part form with the first part given as a “, e.g. /18/13. 4Identification statement (reference to this International Standard) Use the following st
46、atement in test reports, catalogues and sales literature when electing to comply with this International Standard: “Solid contaminant code conforms to ISO 4406:1999,Hydraulic fluid power Fluids Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles.“ Copyright International Organization for
47、 Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/08/2009 03:59:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4406:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved5 Annex A (normative) Graphical presentation of the cod
48、e number For automatic particle counter analysis, the contaminant code is determined by allocating a first scale number to the total number of particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c), allocating a second scale number to the total number of particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c) and allocating a third scale number to the total number of particles equal to or larger than 14 m(c), and then writing these three numbers one after another separated by o