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1、A Reference number ISO 3537:1999(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3537 Third edition 1999-03-15 Road vehicles Safety glazing materials Mechanical tests Vhicules routiers Vitrages de scurit Essais mcaniques ISO 3537:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this public
2、ation may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland Internetisoiso.ch Printed in
3、Switzerland ii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subjec
4、t for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
5、 on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internati
6、onal Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 3537 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 11, Safety glazing materials. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3537:1993)
7、, which has been technically revised. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOISO 3537:1999(E) 1 Road vehicles Safety glazing materials Mechanical tests 1 Scope This International Standard specifies mechanical test methods relating to the safety requirements for all safety glazing materials in a road vehicle, wha
8、tever the type of glass or other material of which they are composed. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions
9、of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative d
10、ocument referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD). ISO 3536:1998, Road vehicles Safety glazing materials Vocabulary. ISO
11、 15082:1), Road vehicles Tests for rigid plastic safety glazing materials. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3536 apply. 4 Test conditions Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be carried out under the following cond
12、itions: Ambient temperature: 20 C 5 C Atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa (860 mbar to 1 060 mbar) Relative humidity: (60 20) % 5 Application of tests For certain types of safety glazing materials, it is not necessary to carry out all the tests specified in this International Standard, when the
13、results, according to the purpose of testing, can be predicted with certainty from knowledge of the properties of the safety glazing material concerned. 1) To be published. ISO 3537:1999(E) ISO 2 6 227 g ball test Test rigid plastic safety glazing materials in accordance with ISO 15082. 6.1 Principl
14、e Determination of whether the safety glazing material has a certain minimum strength and cohesion under impact from a small hard object. 6.2 Apparatus 6.2.1 Hardness steel ball, with a mass of 227 g 2 g and a diameter of approximately 38 mm. 6.2.2 Means for dropping the ball freely from a height to
15、 be specified, or means for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be 1% of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. 6.2.3 Supporting fixture, such as that shown in Figure 1
16、, composed of two steel frames, with machined borders, 15 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 mm wide, of hardness 50 IRHD, determined in accordance with ISO 48. The lower frame rests on a steel box, about 150 mm high. The test piece is held in p
17、lace by the upper frame, the mass of which is about 3 kg. The supporting frame is welded on a sheet of steel about 12 mm thick, resting on the floor, with an interposed sheet of rubber, about 3 mm thick, of hardness 50 IRHD. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1Test piece 2Rubber gasket 3Sheet of rubber F
18、igure 1 Support for ball tests ISOISO 3537:1999(E) 3 6.3 Test piece The test piece shall be a flat square with 300 mm 0 10+ mm sides. 6.4 Procedure Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least 4 h immediately preceding the test. Place the test piece in the fixture (6.2.3). The
19、plane of the test piece shall be perpendicular, within 3, to the incident direction of the ball. When necessary to retain the test piece in the fixture, it shall be clamped to ensure that the movement of the test piece during test shall not exceed 2 mm at any point along the inside periphery of the
20、fixture. The point of impact shall be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece for a drop height less than or equal to 6 m, and within 50 mm of the centre of the test piece for a drop height greater than 6 m. The ball shall strike the face of the test piece which represents the outside
21、 face of the safety glazing material when mounted on the vehicle. The ball shall be allowed to make only one impact. 6.5 Expression of results Assess the type and extent of damage to the test piece. If fragments are detached from the test piece, the total mass of the fragments and the mass of the la
22、rgest fragment, detached from the side remote from impact, shall be weighed to the nearest 0,1 g. 7 2 260 g ball test Test rigid plastic safety glazing materials in accordance with ISO 15082. 7.1 Principle Evaluation of the penetration resistance of the safety glazing material. 7.2 Apparatus 7.2.1 H
23、ardened steel ball, with a mass of 2 260 g 20 g and a diameter of approximately 82 mm. 7.2.2 Means for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or means for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the toleranc
24、e on velocity shall be 1% of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. 7.2.3 Supporting fixture, as described in 6.2.3. 7.3 Test piece The test piece shall be a flat square with 300 mm 0 10+ mm sides or shall be cut out from the flattest part of a windscreen or other curved safety g
25、lazing material. Alternatively, the whole windscreen or other curved safety glazing material may be tested. In this case, care shall be taken to ensure adequate contact between the safety glazing material and the support. 7.4 Procedure Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for a leas
26、t 4 h immediately preceding the test. ISO 3537:1999(E) ISO 4 Place the test piece in the fixture (6.2.3). The plane of the test piece shall be perpendicular, within 3, to the incident direction of the ball. When necessary to retain the test piece in the fixture, the test piece in the fixture shall b
27、e clamped to ensure that the movement of the test piece during test shall not exceed 2 mm at any point along the inside periphery of the fixture. The point of impact shall be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece. The ball shall strike the face of the test piece which represents the
28、 internal face of the safety glazing material when mounted on the vehicle. The ball shall be allowed to make only one impact. 7.5 Expression of results If the ball passes completely through the test piece within 5 s after the impact, the result shall be recorded as a “penetration“. If the ball remai
29、ns on top of the test piece, or wedged in a hole, for 5 s or more, the result shall be recorded as a “support“. 8 Abrasion test Test rigid plastic safety glazing materials in accordance with ISO 15082. 8.1 Principle Determination of whether the safety glazing material has a certain minimum resistanc
30、e to abrasion. 8.2 Apparatus 8.2.1 Abrading instrument,2) shown diagrammatically in Figure 2, and consisting of horizontal turntable and centre clamp which revolves counter-clockwise at 55 r/min to 75 r/min; two weighted parallel arms, each carrying a special abrasive wheel freely rotating on a ball
31、 bearing horizontal spindle; each wheel rests on the test specimen under the pressure exerted by a mass of 500 g. The turntable of the abrading instrument shall rotate regularly, substantially in one plane (the deviation from this plane shall not be greater than 0,05 mm at a distance of 1,6 mm from
32、the turntable periphery). The wheels shall be mounted in such a way that when they are in contact with the rotating test piece, they rotate in contrary directions so as to exert a compressive and abrasive action along curved lines over an annular area of about 30 cm2, twice during each rotation of t
33、he test piece. 2) A suitable abrading instrument is supplied by Teledyne Taber (USA). This information is given for the convenience for users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lea
34、d to the same results. -,-,- ISOISO 3537:1999(E) 5 Figure 2 Diagram of abrading instrument 8.2.2 Abrasive wheels,3) each 45 mm to 50 mm in diameter and 12,5 mm thick, composed of special finely screened abrasive embedded in a medium-hard rubber. The wheels shall have a hardness of 72 IRHD 5 IRHD mea
35、sured at four points equally spaced on the centreline of the abrading surface with the pressure directly applied vertically along a diameter of the wheel, the readings being taken 10 s after full application of pressure. The abrasive wheels shall be prepared for use by very slow rotation against a s
36、heet of flat glass. 8.2.3 Light source, consisting of an incandescent lamp, the filament of which is contained within a parallelepiped 1,5 mm 1,5 mm 3 mm. The voltage at the lamp terminals shall be such that the colour temperature is 2 856 K 50 K. This voltage shall be stabilized within 1/1000. The
37、instrument used to check the voltage shall be of appropriate accuracy for this application. Alternatively, the source colour, Illuminant A, may be altered to Illuminant C by placing a daylight filter in the light beam. 8.2.4 Optical system, consisting of a lens corrected for chromatic aberrations. T
38、he clear aperture of the lens shall not exceed f/20. The distance between the lens and the light source shall be adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel. A diaphragm shall be inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 mm 1 mm. This diaphragm shall be situa
39、ted at a distance of 100 mm 50 mm from the lens of the side remote from the light source. 8.2.5 Equipment for measuring scattered light (see Figure 3), consisting of photoelectric cell with an integrating sphere of diameter 200 mm to 250 mm. The sphere shall be equipped with entrance and exit ports
40、for the light. The entrance port shall be circular and have a diameter at least twice that of the light beam. The exit port of the sphere is provided with a light-trap or a reflectance standard respectively according to the procedure described in 8.4.4. The light-trap shall absorb the light when no
41、test piece is inserted in the light beam. The axis of the light beam shall pass through the centre of the entrance and exit ports. The diameter b of the light exit port shall be equal to 2a tan 4, where a is the diameter of the sphere. The photoelectric cell shall be mounted in such a way that it ca
42、nnot be reached by light coming directly from the entrance port or from the reflectance standard. 3) Suitable abrasive wheels may be obtained from Teledyne Taber (USA). This information is given for the convenience for users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by IS
43、O of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. ISO 3537:1999(E) ISO 6 The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the reflectance standard shall be of substantially equal reflectance and shall be matt and non-selective. The ou
44、tput of the photoelectric cell shall be linear within 2 % over the range of luminous intensity used. The design of the instrument shall be such that there is no galvanometer deflection when the sphere is dark. The whole apparatus shall be checked at regular intervals by means of calibration standard
45、s of defined haze. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1Lens5Light-trap 2Integrating sphere6Opening of light-trap 3Photoelectric cell7Parallel beam 4Baffles8Lamp Figure 3 Hazemeter If haze measurements are made using equipment or methods differing from the above, the results shall be corrected in order to
46、 be in agreement with those obtained by the apparatus described above. 8.3 Test pieces The test pieces shall be flat squares with 100 mm sides having both surfaces substantially plane and parallel, and optionally with a 6,3 mm diameter fixing hole drilled in the centre. 8.4 Procedure 8.4.1 The abras
47、ion test shall be carried out on both inside and outside surfaces of the safety glazing material except in the case where both surfaces are comprised of glass. In this case they shall be carried out only on the outside surface. 8.4.2 Immediately before and after the abrasion, clean the test pieces i
48、n the following manner: a) wipe with a linen cloth under clean running water; -,-,- ISOISO 3537:1999(E) 7 b) rinse with distilled or demineralized water; c) blow dry with air or nitrogen; d) remove possible traces of water by dabbing softly with a damp linen cloth. If necessary, dry by pressing ligh
49、tly between two linen cloths. Any treatment with ultrasonic equipment shall be avoided. After cleaning, the test pieces shall be handled only by their edges and shall be stored to prevent damage to, or contamination of, their surfaces. 8.4.3 When testing glass surfaces of safety glazing materials, condition the test pieces prior to testing for a minimum of 48 h at 20 C 5 C and