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1、 Reference number ISO 1996-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1996-2 Second edition 2007-03-15 Acoustics Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise Part 2: Determination of environmental noise levels Acoustique Description, valuation et mesurage du bruit de lenvironnem
2、ent Partie 2: Dtermination des niveaux de bruit de lenvironnement Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:22:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted withou
3、t license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1996-2:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer perfor
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6、cretariat at the address given below. ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
7、address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization
8、 for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:22:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1996-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v
9、 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Measurement uncertainty 2 5 Instrumentation. 3 5.1 Instrumentation system . 3 5.2 Calibration . 3 6 Operation of the source . 4 6.1 General. 4 6.2 Road traffic 4 6.3 Rail traffic 5 6.4 Air traffic 5 6.5 Industrial plants 5 6.6 Low-f
10、requency sound sources 6 7 Weather conditions. 6 7.1 General. 6 7.2 Conditions favourable to sound propagation 6 7.3 Average sound pressure levels under a range of weather conditions. 7 8 Measurement procedure 7 8.1 Principle. 7 8.2 Selection of measurement time interval. 7 8.3 Microphone location.
11、7 8.4 Measurements. 9 9 Evaluation of the measurement result 10 9.1 General. 10 9.2 Time-integrated levels, LE and LeqT. 11 9.3 Maximum level, Lmax 11 9.4 Exceedance levels, LN,T. 12 9.5 Indoor measurements 12 9.6 Residual sound. 13 10 Extrapolation to other conditions. 13 10.1 Location. 13 10.2 Oth
12、er time and operating conditions 13 11 Calculation. 14 11.1 General. 14 11.2 Calculation methods. 14 12 Information to be recorded and reported. 15 Annex A (informative) Meteorological window and measurement uncertainty due to weather 16 Annex B (informative) Microphone positions relative to reflect
13、ing surfaces 23 Annex C (informative) Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in noise Reference method. 27 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 0
14、7:22:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1996-2:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Annex D (informative) Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in noise Simplified method.36 Annex E (informative) National source-specific calculation m
15、ethods37 Bibliography .40 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:22:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1996-2:2007
16、(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body in
17、terested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechni
18、cal Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the
19、 technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
20、 ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1996-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. This second edition of ISO 1996-2, together with ISO 1996-1:2003, cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1996-2:1987),
21、 ISO 1996-1:1982 and ISO 1996-3:1987. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 1996-2:1987/Amd.1:1998. ISO 1996 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise: Part 1: Basic quantities and assessment procedures Part 2:
22、Determination of environmental noise levels Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:22:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-
23、,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:22:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1996-2:2007
24、(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Acoustics Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise Part 2: Determination of environmental noise levels 1 Scope This part of ISO 1996 describes how sound pressure levels can be determined by direct measurement, by extrapolation of measurement r
25、esults by means of calculation, or exclusively by calculation, intended as a basis for assessing environmental noise. Recommendations are given regarding preferable conditions for measurement or calculation to be applied in cases where other regulations do not apply. This part of ISO 1996 can be use
26、d to measure with any frequency weighting or in any frequency band. Guidance is given to evaluate the uncertainty of the result of a noise assessment. NOTE 1 As this part of ISO 1996 deals with measurements under actual operating conditions, there is no relationship between this part of ISO 1996 and
27、 other ISO standards specifying emission measurements under specified operating conditions. NOTE 2 For the sake of generality, the frequency and time weighting subscripts have been omitted throughout this part of ISO 1996. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable f
28、or the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1996-1:2003, Acoustics Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise Part 1: Basic
29、 quantities and assessment procedures ISO 7196, Acoustics Frequency-weighting characteristic for infrasound measurements IEC 60942:2003, Electroacoustics Sound calibrators IEC 61260:1995, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave band filters IEC 61672-1:2002, Electroacoustics Sound level m
30、eters Part 1: Specifications Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ISO/IUPAC/IUPAP/OIML, 1993 (corrected and reprinted, 1995) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=W
31、ing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:22:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1996-2:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1996-1 and the following apply
32、. 3.1 receiver location location at which the noise is assessed 3.2 calculation method set of algorithms to calculate the sound pressure level at arbitrary locations from measured or predicted sound emission and sound attenuation data 3.3 prediction method subset of a calculation method, intended fo
33、r the calculation of future noise levels 3.4 measurement time interval time interval during which a single measurement is conducted 3.5 observation time interval time interval during which a series of measurements is conducted 3.6 meteorological window set of weather conditions during which measurem
34、ents can be performed with limited and known variation in measurement results due to weather variation 3.7 soundpath radius of curvature R radius approximating the curvature of the sound paths due to atmospheric refraction NOTE R is expressed in kilometres. 3.8 low-frequency sound sound containing f
35、requencies of interest within the range covering the one-third octave bands from 16 Hz to 200 Hz 4 Measurement uncertainty The uncertainty of sound pressure levels determined as described in this part of ISO 1996 depends on the sound source and the measurement time interval, the weather conditions,
36、the distance from the source and the measurement method and instrumentation. The measurement uncertainty shall be determined in accordance with the GUM. Some guidelines on how to estimate the measurement uncertainty are given in Table 1, where the measurement uncertainty is expressed as an expanded
37、uncertainty based on a combined standard uncertainty multiplied by a coverage factor of 2, providing a coverage probability of approximately 95 %. Table 1 refers to A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure levels only. Higher uncertainties can be expected on maximum levels, frequency band lev
38、els and levels of tonal components in noise. NOTE 1 Table 1 is not complete. When preparing this part of ISO 1996, insufficient information was available. In many cases, it is appropriate to add more uncertainty contributions, e.g. the one associated with the selection of microphone location. NOTE 2
39、 Cognizant authorities can set other levels of confidence. A coverage factor of 1,3, for example, provides a level of confidence of 80 % and a coverage factor of 1,65, a level of confidence of 90 %. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licen
40、see=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:22:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1996-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 In test reports, the coverage probability shall always be stated together with the expanded
41、uncertainty. Table 1 Overview of the measurement uncertainty for LAeq Standard uncertainty Due to instrumentation a 1,0 dB Due to operating conditions b X dB Due to weather and ground conditions c Y dB Due to residual sound d Z dB Combined standard uncertainty t 2222 1,0XYZ+ dB Expanded measurement
42、uncertainty 2,0 t dB a For IEC 61672-1:2002 class 1 instrumentation. If other instrumentation (IEC 61672-1:2002 class 2 or IEC 60651:2001/ IEC 60804:2000 type 1 sound level meters) or directional microphones are used, the value will be larger. b To be determined from at least three, and preferably f
43、ive, measurements under repeatability conditions (the same measurement procedure, the same instruments, the same operator, the same place) and at a position where variations in meteorological conditions have little influence on the results. For long-term measurements, more measurements are required
44、to determine the repeatability standard deviation. For road-traffic noise, some guidance on the value of X is given in 6.2. c The value varies depending upon the measurement distance and the prevailing meteorological conditions. A method using a simplified meteorological window is provided in Annex
45、A (in this case Y = m). For long-term measurements, it is necessary to deal with different weather categories separately and then combined together. For short-term measurement, variations in ground conditions are small. However, for long-term measurements, these variations can add considerably to th
46、e measurement uncertainty. d The value varies depending on the difference between measured total values and the residual sound. 5 Instrumentation 5.1 Instrumentation system The instrumentation system, including the microphone, wind shield, cable and recorders, if any, shall conform to the requiremen
47、ts of one of the following: a class 1 instrument as specified in IEC 61672-1:2002, a class 2 instrument as specified in IEC 61672-1:2002. A wind shield shall always be used during outdoor measurements. Cognizant authorities may require instruments conforming with IEC 61672-1:2002 class 1. NOTE 1 IEC
48、 61672-1:2002 class 1 instruments are specified over the range of air temperatures from 10 C to + 50 C and IEC 61672-1:2002 class 2 instruments from 0 C to + 40 C. NOTE 2 Most sound level meters that meet the requirements in IEC 60651 and IEC 60804 also meet the acoustic requirements of IEC 61672-1. For measurements in octave or one-third-octave bands, the class 1 and class 2 instrumentation systems shall meet the requirements of a class 1 or class 2 filter, res