《ISO-6183-1990.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ISO-6183-1990.pdf（27页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 6183 First edition 1990-07-01 Fire protection equipment - Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems for use on premises - Design and installation Equipement de protection contre l incendie - Installations fixes d extinction par dioxyde de carbone utilis6es dans les b b) provisi
2、on of alarms within such areas that are distinc- tive from all other alarm signals and that will operate immediately upon detection of the fire and release of the carbon dioxide (see clause 6); c) provision of only outward swinging self-closing doors which shall be openable from the inside even when
3、 locked from the outside: d) provision of continuous visual and audible alarms at entrances, until the atmosphere has been made safe; e) provision for adding an odour to the carbon dioxide so that hazardous atmospheres may be recognized; f) provision of warning and instruction signs at entrances; g)
4、 provision of self-contained breathing equipment and personnel trained in its use; h) provision of a means of ventilating the areas after ex- tinguishing the fire; i) provision of any other safeguards that a careful study of each particular situation indicates are necessary. 6 Warning alarms An audi
5、ble alarm shall be provided on all total flooding systems, and on local flooding systems where dispersal of the carbon dioxide from the system into the room would give a concen- tration of more than 6 %. The alarm shall sound during any delay period between fire detection and discharge and through-
6、out the discharge. The sound intensity of the alarm described in 5 b) shall be such that it will be heard above the average local noise level; where this is abnormally high, visual indication shall also be provided. Alarm devices shall be supplied from an energy source suf- ficient to allow continuo
7、us operation of the warning alarm for a minimum of 36 min. NOTE - Alarms may not be necessary for local application systems, unless the quantity of carbon dioxide discharged relative to the room volume is capable of producing a concentration in excess of 5 %. Before, or simultaneously with, the rele
8、ase of a carbon dioxide system, all equipment capable of causing reignition of flam- mable material such as heating installations, gas burners, infra- red lamps, etc. shall be automatically switched off. 8 Automatic pressure relief Automatic pressure relief shall be provided at the highest point of
9、any room which is tightly closed and which would otherwise be subjected to a dangerous increase of pressure when carbon dioxide is introduced. NOTE - Leakage around doors, windows, ducts and dampers, though not apparent or easily determined, may provide sufficient ven- ting relief for normal carbon
10、dioxide systems without special provisions being made. For otherwise airtight enclosures, the area necessary for free ven- ting, X, (in square millimetres) may be calculated from the following equation : x = 23,9 Q d5 where Q is the calculated carbon dioxide flow rate, in kilograms per minute; P is
11、the permissible strength (internal pressure) of enclosure (in bar). In many instances, particularly when hazardous materiels are involved, relief openings are already provided for explosion venting. These and other available openings often provide adequate venting. 9 Electrical earthing Carbon dioxi
12、de extinguishing sysems shall be provided with adequate electrical earthing connections. NOTE - Adequate earthing of the system will minimize the risk of electrostatic discharge. Where the system protects electrical instal- lations, or is housed near or in a building with electrical installations, t
13、he system metalwork should be efficiently connected to the main eer- thing terminal of the electrical installation. 10 Precautions for low-lying parts of protected areas Where it is possible for carbon dioxide gas to collect in pits, wells, shaft bottoms or other low-lying areas, consideration shall
14、 be given to adding an odoriferous substance to the carbon dioxide, and/or to providing additional ventilation systems to remove the carbon dioxide after discharage. NOTE - The carbon dioxide should comply with the requirements of IS0 5923 after addition of any odoriferous substance (see clause 4).
15、For carbon dioxide container systems the odoriferous substance shall be introduced by proper means into the supply pipe to the protected zone. 2 IS0 6163 : 1990 (EI 11 Safety signs For all total flooding systems, and those local application systems which may cause critical concentrations, a warning
16、notice shall be displayed on the inside and outside of every door to the protected area. The notice shall warn that, in case of alarm or discharge of car- bon dioxide, personnel should leave the room immediately and not enter again before the room has been thoroughly ventilated because of the danger
17、 of suffocation. 12 Precautions during maintenance work On automatic total flooding systems, protecting normally unoc- cupied rooms, provision shall be made for the prevention of automatic discharge during periods of entry by personnel where they may not be able to leave the room during any delay pe
18、riod (see clause 6). NOTE - This precaution is not usually necessary for local application systems but should be provided where hazardous concentrations may be produced in any area which may be occupied. 13 Discharge testing where there may be explosive mixtures In circumstances where explosive air/
19、vapour mixtures may be present, the hazard area shall be carefully checked before test discharges are made, due to the possibility of ignition by elec- trostatic discharge. 14 Basis for design of carbon dioxide systems The construction of the enclosures to be protected by total flooding carbon dioxi
20、de systems shall be such that the carbon dioxide cannot readily escape. The walls and doors shall be capable of withstanding the effects of the fire for a sufficient time so as to allow carbon dioxide discharge to be maintained at the design concentration during the inhibition time. NOTE - IS0 834”
21、should be used for the assessment of fire resistance of elements of construction. Where possible, openings shall be shut automatically and ven- tilation systems shall be shut down automatically before or at least simultaneously with the initiation of discharge of the car- bon dioxide and remain clos
22、ed. Where openings cannot be shut and where there is an absence of walls and/or ceilings, additional carbon dioxide shall be pro- vided as specified in 15.6. When these openings are to the outside atmosphere, where wind conditions may greatly affect the carbon dioxide losses, special precautions sho
23、uld be taken. These cases shall be 1) IS0 834: 1975, Fire-resistance tests - Elements of building construction. treated as a special application and may require a discharge test to determine that the proper design concentration has been obtained. 15 Design of total flooding systems 15.1 Factors to b
24、e considered To determine the quantity of the carbon dioxide required, the volume of the room or of the enclosure to be protected shall be taken as a basis. From this volume only solid structural members such as foundations, columns, beams and the like shall be deducted. The following shall be taken
25、 into account: - room size; - material to be protected; - particular hazards; - openings that cannot be shut; - ventilation systems which cannot be shut down. There shall be no openings in the floor. 15.2 Determination of carbon dioxide design quantity The design quantity of carbon dioxide, m, in ki
26、lograms, shall be calculated using the following formula: m = K, x (0,2A + 0,7 V) where A =A,=3oA, Y = V” + v, - v, A, is the total surface area of all sides, floor and ceiling (including the openings A,) of the enclosure to be pro- tected, in square metres; A, is the total surface area of all openi
27、ngs which can be assumed will be open in the event of a fire, in square metres (see 15.6); V, is the volume of the enclosure to be protected, in cubic metres (see 15.1); Vz is the additional volume removed during the inhi- bition time (see table I) by ventilation systems which cannot be shut down, i
28、n cubic metres (see 15.5); V, is the volume of the building structure which can be deducted, in cubic metres (see 15.1); IS0 6163 : 1990 (El K, is the factor for the material to be protected which shall be equal to or greater than one (see 15.3 and table I); the number 0,2, in kilograms per square m
29、etre, com- prises the portion of carbon dioxide that can escape; the number 0,7, in kilograms per cubic metre, comprises the minimum quantity of carbon dioxide taken as a basis for the formula. For calculation examples, see annex D. NOTE - The two numbers 0,2 and 0,7 take into account the effect of
30、rocm size, i.e. the ratio of the room volume CVv) to room surface area L4v). 15.3 K, factor The material factor K, shown in table 1 shall be taken into ac- count when designing for combustible materials and particular risks that require a higher than normal concentration. K, factors for hazards not
31、listed in section A of table 1 shall be determined by using the cup burner apparatus described in annex C or other test method giving equivalent results. 15.4 Effect of materials with formation of glowing embers For materials with the formation of glowing embers there are special conditions to be co
32、nsidered. Table 1 gives examples of such materials. 15.5 Effect of ventilation system that cannot be shut down To determine the quantity of carbon dioxide to be used, the volume of the room CVv) shall be increased by the volume of the air CV,) which is charged into or expelled from the room whilst t
33、he room is being flooded with carbon dioxide and during the inhibition time stated in table 1. 15.6 Effect of openings (see introduction) The effect of all openings, including explosion vents in walls and ceiling which will not be shut during a fire, are included in the formula in 15.2 by A, The por
34、osity of the enclosure materials, or leaks around doors, windows, shutters, etc., shall not be considered as openings, as they are already included in the formula. Openings are not permitted when an inhibition time is required unless additional carbon dioxide is applied to maintain the re- quired co
35、ncentration during the specified inhibition period. When the ratio R = AovlAv 0,03 the system shall be designed as a local application system (see clause 16). This does not preclude the use of a local application system when R is less than 0,03. When R is greater than 0,03 and where the openings may
36、 be subject to the effect of wind, then practical tests under the likely maximum adverse conditions should be carried out to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction. 15.7 Simultaneous flooding of interconnected volumes In two or more interconnected volumes where “free flow” of carbon d
37、ioxide can take place, or where the possibility of fire spread from one area to the other could occur, the carbon dioxide quantity shall be the sum of the quantities calculated for each volume. If one volume requires greater than normal concentration, the higher concentration shall be used in all in
38、- terconnected volumes. 15.6 Duration of discharge The time taken substantially to discharge the calculated design quantity of carbon dioxide, m (see 15.21, shall be in accordance with table 2. For fires involving. solid materials, for example those listed in table 1 as requiring an inhibition time,
39、 the design quantity shall be discharged within 7 min but the rate shall be not less than that necessary to develop a concentration of 30 % in 2 min. 4 -,-,- IS0 6163 : 1990 (EI Table 1 - Material factors, design concentrations and inhibition times Material Design CO, Inhibition Combustible material
40、 factor concentration time KS % min 4 Fires involving gases and liquidsl acetone 1 34 - acetylene 2,57 66 - aviation fuel grades 1151145 I,06 36 - Jenzol, benzene 1,1 37 - autadiene I,26 41 - sutane 1 34 - Dutene-1 I,1 37 - :arbon disulffde 3.03 72 - Earbon monoxide z43 64 - coal or natural gas 111
41、37 - cyclopropane 111 37 - diesel fuel 1 34 - dimethyl ether 122 40 - dowtherm I,47 46 - ethane 1.22 40 - ethyl alcohol 1.34 43 - ethyl ether I,47 46 - ethylene I,6 49 - ethylene dichloride 1 34 - ethylene oxide I,8 53 - gasoline 1 34 - hexane I,03 35 - n-heptane I,63 35 - hydrogen 3,3 75 - hydrogen
42、 sulfide I,% 36 - isobutane 1.06 36 - isobutylene 1 34 - isobutyl formate 1 34 - JP-4 I,06 36 - kerosene 1 34 - methane 1 34 - methyl acetate 1.03 35 - methyl alcohol 1.22 40 - methyl butane-l 1,06 36 - methyl ethyl ketone 13 40 - methyl formate I,18 39 - n-octane I,03 35 - pentane ID 35 - propane 1
43、,06 36 - propylene I.06 36 - quench, lube oils 1 34 - B Fires involving solid materials2 cellutosic material 2,25 62 20 cotton 2 58 20 paper, corrugated paper 2,25 62 20 plastics material (granular) 2 58 20 polystyrene 1 34 - polyurethane, cured only 1 34 - C Special application cases cable rooms an
44、d cable ducts I,5 47 10 data handling areas 2,25 62 20 electrical computer installations I,5 47 10 electrical switch and distribution rooms 12 40 10 generators, including cooling systems 2 58 until stopped oil filled transformers 2 58 - output printing areas 2,25 62 20 paint spray and drying install
45、ations 1.2 40 - spinning machines 2 58 - 1) The figures given are a compilation of information from Bureau of Mines, Limits of Flammability of Gases and Vapours, Bulletins 563 and 627. 2) Fire involving solid materials, usually of an organic nature in which combustion normally takes place with the f
46、ormation of glowing embers. 5 -,-,- IS0 6163 : 1990 (EI 15.9 Storage temperatures 16.1.2 Rate of discharge High-pressure storage temperatures may range from - 20 OC to -I- 66 OC without requiring special methods of compensating for changing flow-rates. Nozzle discharge rates shall be calculated by e
47、ither the surface method or the volume method as covered in 16.2 and 16.3. The total rate of discharge for the system shall be the sum of the individual rates of all the nozzles or discharge devices used in the system. 16 Design of local application systems NOTE - Local application systems are suita
48、ble for the extinguishment of surface fires in flammable liquids, gases, and solids where the hazard is not enclosed or where the enclosure does not conform to the requirements for total flooding. 16.1 Carbon dioxide requirements 16.1.1 General The basic carbon dioxide concentration factor is that w
49、hich corresponds to a factor K, = I, i.e. 34 %. For materials requiring a design concentration over 34 % the basic quantity of carbon dioxide shall be increased by multiply- ing this quantity by the appropriate material factor given in table I. K, factors for hazards not listed in section A of table 1 shall be determined by using the cup burner apparatus described in annex A, or any other method known to give equivalent results. The design quantity of carbon dioxide required for local ap- plicat