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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-2 First edition 2001-12-01 Reference number ISO 17123-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 2: Levels Optique et instruments doptique Mthodes dessai sur site des instruments godsiques et
2、 dobservation Partie 2: Niveaux Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:56:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17123-2:200
3、1(E) ii ISO 2001 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing th
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6、at at the address given below. ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec- tronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the addre
7、ss below or ISOs mem- ber body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS un
8、der license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:56:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17123-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved iii ContentsPage 1Scope .1 2Normative references .1 3Terms and definition
9、s 2 4General .2 5Simplified test procedure 3 6Full test procedure 5 Annexes AExample of the simplified test procedure10 A.1Measurements 10 A.2Calculation 10 BExample of the full test procedure 12 B.1Measurements 12 B.2Calculation 12 B.3Statistical tests 13 Copyright International Organization for St
10、andardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:56:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17123-2:2001(E) iv ISO 2001 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organi
11、zation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establishe
12、d has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
13、International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of t
14、he member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 17123 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 17123-2 was prepared by Technica
15、l Committee ISO/TC 172,Optics and optical instruments, Subcommittee SC 6,Geodetic and surveying instruments. This first edition of ISO 17123-2 cancels and replaces ISO 8322-3:1989 and ISO 12857-1:1997, which have been technically revised. ISO 17123 consists of the following parts, under the general
16、titleOptics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments: Part 1: Theory Part 2: Levels Part 3: Theodolites Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM instruments) Part 5: Electronic tacheometers Part 6: Rotating lasers Part 7: Optical plumbing instrument
17、s Annexes A and B of this part of ISO 17123 are for information only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:56:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without
18、license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 17123-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 1 Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 2: Levels 1Scope This part of ISO 17123 specifies field procedures to be adopted when determining and ev
19、aluating the precision of levels (spirit levels, compensator levels, digital levels) and their ancillary equipment when used in building and surveying measurements. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of the suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task at h
20、and and to satisfy the requirements of other standards. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are more comprehensive in nature. This International Standard can be thought of as one of the first steps in the process of evaluating the uncertainty of a measuremen
21、t (more specifically a measurand). The uncertainty of a result of a measurement is dependent on a number of factors. These include among others: repeatability, reproducibility (between day repeatability) and a thorough assessment of all possible error sources, as prescribed by the ISO Guide to the e
22、xpression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). These field procedures have been developed specifically forin situapplications without the need for special ancillary equipment and are purposely designed to minimize atmospheric influences. 2Normative references The following normative documents contai
23、n provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 17123. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 17123 are encouraged to investigate t
24、he possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3534-1,Statistics Vocabu
25、lary and symbols Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms ISO 4463-1,Measurement methods for building Setting-out and measurement Part 1: Planning and organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria ISO 7077,Measuring methods for building General principles and procedures for the ve
26、rification of dimensional compliance ISO 7078,Building construction Procedures for setting out, measurement and surveying Vocabulary and guidance notes ISO 9849,Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary ISO 17123-1,Optics and optical instruments Field procedures fo
27、r testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 1: Theory GUM,Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement VIM,International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Tec
28、hnical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:56:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17123-2:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 17123, the terms and definitions given in ISO 353
29、4-1, ISO 4463-1, ISO 7077, ISO 7078, ISO 9849, ISO 17123-1, GUM and VIM apply. 4General 4.1Requirements Before commencing surveying, it is important that the operator investigates that the precision in use of the measuring equipment is appropriate to the intended measuring task. The level and its an
30、cillary equipment shall be in known and acceptable states of permanent adjustment according to the methods specified in the manufacturers handbook, and used with tripods and levelling staffs as recommended by the manufacturer. The results of these tests are influenced by meteorological conditions, e
31、specially by the gradient of temperature. An overcast sky and low wind speed guarantee the most favourable weather conditions. The particular conditions to be taken into account may vary depending on where the tasks are to be undertaken. Note should also be taken of the actual weather conditions at
32、the time of measurement and the type of surface above which the measurements are made. The conditions chosen for the tests should match those expected when the intended measuring task is actually carried out (see ISO 7077 and ISO 7078). Tests performed in laboratories would provide results which are
33、 almost unaffected by atmospheric influences, but the costs for such tests are very high, and therefore they are not practicable for most users. In addition, laboratory tests yield precisions much higher than those that can be obtained under field conditions. This part of ISO 17123 describes two dif
34、ferent field procedures as given in clauses 5 and 6. The operator shall choose the procedure which is most relevant to the projects particular requirements. 4.2Procedure 1: Simplified test procedure The simplified test procedure provides an estimate as to whether the precision of a given levelling e
35、quipment is within the specified permitted deviation, according to ISO 4463-1. This test procedure is normally intended for checking the precision of an optical level to be used for area levelling applications, for tasks where measurements with unequal site lengths are common practice, e.g. building
36、 construction sites. This simplified test procedure is based on a limited number of measurements. Therefore, a significant standard deviation cannot be obtained. If a more precise assessment of the level under field conditions is required it is recommended to adopt the more rigorous full test proced
37、ure as given in clause 6. The procedure relies on determining a height difference between two points, approximatelyapart, which is accepted as a true value. The difference between the measured height difference over unequal sight lengths and the value accepted as true between the same two measuring
38、points obtained from equal sight lengths indicates whether the level meets the specified permitted deviation (according to ISO 4463-1) for the intended measuring task. 4.3Procedure 2: Full test procedure The full test procedure shall be adopted to determine the best achievable measure of precision o
39、f a particular level and its ancillary equipment under field conditions and requires adoption of equal sight lengths (maximum variation ). It is normally intended for field trials of levels to be used for more precise levelling, linear applications and other major surveys, e.g. civil engineering. 60
40、 m 10 % Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:56:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17123-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights
41、 reserved 3 The recommended sight lengths are. Sight lengths greater thanmay be adopted for this precision in use test where required by the project specification, or to determine the range of the measure of precision of a level at respective distances. The full test procedure is based only on equal
42、 sight lengths. A displacement of the collimation axis of the level cannot be detected by this procedure. But this collimation error has no influence either on the experimental standard deviation or on the difference in the zero-point offsets of the levelling staffs using equal sight lengths. In ord
43、er to determine the collimation error, the instrument must be checked before commencing levelling in accordance with the manufacturers handbook. The test procedure given in clause 6 of this part of ISO 17123 is intended for determining the measure of precision in use of a particular level. This meas
44、ure of precision in use is expressed in terms of the experimental standard deviation of a 1-km double-run levelling: Further, this procedure may be used to determine: the measure of precision in use of levels by a single survey team with a single instrument and its ancillary equipment at a given tim
45、e; the measure of precision in use of a single instrument over time; the measure of precision in use of each of several levels in order to enable a comparison of their respective achievable precisions to be obtained under similar field conditions. Statistical tests should be applied to determine whe
46、ther the experimental standard deviation, obtained belongs to the population of the instrumentations theoretical standard deviation, whether two tested samples belong to the same population and whether the difference, of the zero-points of the levelling staffs is equal to zero (see clause 6.4 of thi
47、s part of ISO 17123). 5Simplified test procedure 5.1Configuration of the test line To keep the influence of refraction as small as possible, a reasonably horizontal test area shall be chosen. Two levelling points, A and B, shall be set up approximatelyapart (or covering the range applicable to the p
48、roject). To ensure reliable results, the levelling staffs shall be set up in stable positions, reliably fixed during the test measurements, including repeat measurements. 5.2Measurements Before commencing the measurements, allow the instrument to acclimatize to the ambient temperature. The time required is about two minutes per degree Celsius temperature difference. Further, the user shall check the collimation error before the test. Two sets of readings shall be carried out. For the first set, the level shall be set up approximately equ