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1、 Reference number ISO 4409:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4409 Second edition 2007-04-01 Hydraulic fluid power Positive- displacement pumps, motors and integral transmissions Methods of testing and presenting basic steady state performance Transmissions hydrauliques Pompes, moteurs et v
2、ariateurs volumtriques Mthodes dessai et de prsentation des donnes de base du fonctionnement en rgime permanent Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDT
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6、to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without p
7、ermission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights r
8、eserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4409:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rig
9、hts reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Symbols and units 5 5 Tests. 6 5.1 Requirements 6 5.2 Pump tests. 8 5.3 Motor tests. 11 5.4 Integral transmission tests 13 6 Expression of results . 14 6.1 General. 14 6.2 Pum
10、p tests. 15 6.3 Motor tests. 16 6.4 Integral transmission tests 16 7 Identification statement 17 Annex A (informative) Use of practical units. 18 Annex B (normative) Errors and classes of measurement accuracy. 20 Annex C (informative) Pre-test checklist . 21 Bibliography. 23 Copyright International
11、Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4409:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (th
12、e International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committ
13、ee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechn
14、ical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
15、bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying
16、any or all such patent rights. ISO 4409 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 8, Product testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4409:1986), which has been technically revised. Copyright International Organization for St
17、andardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4409:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction In hydraulic fluid powe
18、r systems, power is transmitted and controlled through a liquid under pressure within an enclosed circuit. Pumps are components that convert rotary mechanical power into hydraulic fluid power. Motors are components that convert hydraulic fluid power into rotary mechanical power. Integral transmissio
19、ns (hydraulic drive units) are a combination of one or more hydraulic pumps and motors and appropriate controls forming a component. With very few exceptions, all hydraulic fluid power pumps and motors are of the positive-displacement type, i.e. they have internal sealing means that make them capabl
20、e of maintaining a relatively constant ratio between rotational speed and fluid flow over wide pressure ranges. They generally use gears, vanes or pistons. Non- positive displacement components, such as centrifugal or turbine types, are seldom associated with hydraulic fluid power systems. Pumps and
21、 motors are available either as “fixed-” or “variable-displacement” types. Fixed-displacement units have pre-selected internal geometries that maintain a relatively constant volume of liquid passing through the component per revolution of the components shaft. Variable-displacement components have m
22、eans for changing the internal geometries so that the volume of liquid passing through the component per revolution of the components shaft can be changed. This International Standard is intended to unify testing methods for hydraulic fluid power positive displacement hydraulic pumps, motors and int
23、egral transmissions to enable the performance of the different components to be compared. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDTNo reproduction or net
24、working permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
25、S -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4409:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Hydraulic fluid power Positive-displacement pumps, motors and integral transmissions Methods of testing and presenting basic steady state performance 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for determining t
26、he performance and efficiency of hydraulic fluid power positive displacement pumps, motors and integral transmissions. It applies to components having continuously rotating shafts. This International Standard specifies the requirements for test installations, test procedures under steady- state cond
27、itions and the presentation of test results. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any am
28、endments) applies. ISO 31, Quantities and units ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams Part 1: Graphic symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications ISO 4391, Hydraulic fluid power Pumps, motors and integral transmissions Parameter definit
29、ions and letter symbols ISO 5598, Fluid power systems and components Vocabulary ISO 9110-1, Hydraulic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 1: General measurement principles ISO 9110-2, Hydraulic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 2: Measurement of average steady-state pressure in a closed co
30、nduit 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5598 and the following apply. NOTE When there is no risk of ambiguity (i.e. when a test has been carried out on a pump or a motor), the superscripts “P,” “M” and “T” specifying that the quantity c
31、oncerns, respectively, a pump, a motor or an integral transmission, can be omitted. 3.1 volume flow rate qV volume of fluid crossing the transverse plane of a flow path per unit time Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employee
32、s/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4409:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3.2 drainage flow rate qVd volume flow rate from the casing of a component 3.3 pump effective outlet flow rate
33、 2,e P V q actual flow rate at temperature 2,e and pressure p2,e measured at the pump outlet NOTE If the flow rate is measured anywhere other than at the pump outlet at temperature and pressure p, that flow rate is corrected to give the effective outlet flow rate value by using Equation (1). () 2,e
34、2,eP 2,e T 1 VV pp qq K =+ (1) 3.4 motor effective inlet flow rate 1,e M V q actual flow rate at temperature 1,e and pressure p1,e measured at the motor inlet NOTE 1 If the flow rate is measured anywhere other than at the motor inlet at temperature and pressure p, that flow rate is corrected to give
35、 the effective inlet flow rate value by using Equation (2). () 1,e 1,eM 1,e T 1 VV pp qq K =+ (2) NOTE 2 If the flow rate is measured at the motor outlet and the motor has external drainage, the motor flow rate qv and the drainage flow rate, d M , V q shall be corrected to refer to the inlet flow ra
36、te temperature and pressure p used for computing 1,e M V q by using Equation (3). ()() 1,ed 1,e1,edM 1,e1,ed TT 11 VVV pppp qq q KK =+ (3) 3.5 derived capacity Vi volume of fluid displaced by a pump or motor per shaft revolution, calculated from measurements at different speeds under test conditions
37、 ISO 8426 3.6 rotational frequency shaft speed n number of revolutions of the drive shaft per unit of time. NOTE The direction of rotation (clockwise or counter-clockwise) is specified from the point of view of the observer looking at the end of the shaft. It may also be defined by diagram, if neces
38、sary. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4409:2007(E) ISO 2007 All right
39、s reserved 3 3.7 torque T measured value of the torque in the shaft of the test component 3.8 effective pressure pe fluid pressure, relative to atmospheric pressure, having a value that is a) positive, if this pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, or b) negative, if this pressure is less th
40、an atmospheric pressure. 3.9 drainage pressure pd pressure, relative to atmospheric pressure, measured at the outlet of the component casing drainage connection 3.10 mechanical power Pm product of the torque and rotational frequency measured at the shaft of a pump or motor as given by Equation (4):
41、Pm = 2nT (4) 3.11 hydraulic power Ph product of the flow rate and pressure at any point as given by Equation (5): Ph = qV p (5) 3.12 effective outlet hydraulic power of a pump P 2,h P total pump hydraulic outlet power given by Equation (6). 2,e P 2,h2,eV Pqp= (6) 3.13 effective inlet hydraulic power
42、 of a motor M 1,h P total motor inlet hydraulic power as given by Equation (7): 1,e M 1,h1,eV Pqp= (7) NOTE The total energy of a hydraulic fluid is the sum of the various energies contained in the fluid. In Equations (6) and (7) the kinetic, positional and strain energies of the fluid are ignored a
43、nd the power is calculated using the static pressure only. If these other energies have a significant effect on the test results, due account should be taken of them. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, Us
44、er=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:40:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 4409:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3.14 pump overall efficiency P t ratio of the power transferred to the liquid, during its passage through the pump, to the mec
45、hanical input power as given by Equation (8): () () 2,e1,e 2,e1,e P t 2 VV qpqp n = (8) 3.15 pump volumetric efficiency p v ratio of the actual output flow available for work to the product of the pump-derived capacity, Vi, and shaft rotational frequency, n, at defined conditions as given by Equatio
46、n (9): 2,eP v P i V q Vn = (9) 3.16 motor overall efficiency M t ratio of the mechanical output power at the motor shaft to the hydraulic input power to the motor as given by Equation (10): () () 1,e2,e M t 1,e2,e 2 VV n qpqp = (10) 3.17 motor volumetric efficiency M v ratio of the product of motor-
47、derived capacity, Vi, and shaft rotational frequency, n, to the actual input flow required for work at defined conditions as given by Equation (11): 1,e M Mi v V Vn q = (11) 3.18 motor hydro-mechanical efficiency M hm ratio of the torque in the shaft of the motor to the theoretical torque of the motor as given by Equation (12): () M th 1,e2,ei 2Tn T T ppV = M hm (12) 3.19 integral transmission overall efficiency T t ratio of the output mechanical power to the input mechanical power as given by Equation (13): T22 t 11 nT nT = (13) Copyright Internati