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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 259-2 First edition 1994-l 2-l 5 Corrected and reprinted 1995-07-I 5 Information and documentation - Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters - Part 2: Simplified transliteration Information et documentation - TranslMration des caractgres h.Gbreux en cara
2、cteres latins - Partie 2: Translittkration simplifike Reference number IS0 2542:1994(E) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 10:03:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitte
3、d without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 259-2: 1994(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technicat committees. Ea
4、ch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the Internatio
5、nal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
6、 casting a vote. International Standard IS0 259-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 2, Con- version of written languages. IS0 259 consists of the following parts: - Part 1: Documentation - Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin cha
7、racters - Part 2: Information and documentation - Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters: Simplified transliteration Part 1 is currently published as IS0 259:1984. Annexes A and B of this part of IS0 259 are for information only. 0 IS0 1994 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise s
8、pecified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Genkve 20 l Swit
9、zerland Printed in Switzerland ii Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 10:03:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 0 IS0 IS0 259-2:1994(
10、E) Introduction This part of IS0 259 is one of a series of International Standards, dealing with the conversion of systems of writing. The aim of this part of IS0 259 and others in the series is to provide a means for international communi- cation of written messages in a form which permits the auto
11、matic trans- mission and reconstitution of these by men or machines. The system of conversion, in this case, must be univocal and entirely reversible. This means that no consideration should be given to phonetic and aes- thetic matters nor to certain national customs: all these considerations are, i
12、ndeed, ignored by the machine performing the function. The adoption of this part of IS0 259 for international communication leaves every country free to adopt for its own use a national standard which may be different, on condition that it be compatible with this part of IS0 259. The system proposed
13、 herein should make this possible and be acceptable for international use if the graphisms it creates are such that they may be converted automatically into the graphisms used in any na- tional system, so long as it is strict. This part of IS0 259 may be used by anyone who has a clear under- standin
14、g of the system and is certain that it can be applied without ambi- guity. The result obtained will not give a correct pronunciation of the original text in a persons own language; but it will serve as a means of finding automatically the original graphism and thus allow anyone who has a knowledge o
15、f the original language to pronounce it correctly. Similarly one can only pronounce correctly a text written in, for example, English or Polish, if one has a knowledge of English or Polish. The adoption of national standards compatible with this part of IS0 259 will permit the representation, in an
16、international publication, of the morphemes of each language according to the customs of the country where it is spoken. It will be possible to simplify this representation in order to take into account the extent of the character sets available on different kinds of machine. . . III Copyright Inter
17、national Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 10:03:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Q IS0 IS0 259-2:1994(E) Information and documen
18、tation - Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters - Part 2: Simplified transliteration 1 Scope This part of IS0 259 specifies a simplified system for the transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters, This simplification of the stringent rules established by IS0 259:19
19、84 is especially intended to make easier the processing of bibliographic informa- tion (catalogues, indices, citations, etc.). 2 General principles of conversion of writing systems 2.1 The words in a language, which are written ac- cording to a given script (the converted system), sometimes have to
20、be rendered according to a differ- ent system (the conversion system) normally used for a different language. The procedure is often used for historical or geographical texts, cartographical docu- ments and in particular bibliographical work where characters must be converted from different writting
21、 systems into a single alphabet to allow for alphabeti- cal intercalation in bibliographies, catalogues, indexes, toponymic lists, etc. It is indispensable in that it permits the univocal transmission of a written message between two countries using different writing systems or exchang- ing a messag
22、e the writing of which is different from their own. It thereby permits transmission by manual, mechanical as well as electronic means. The two basic methods of conversion of a system of writing are transliteration and transcription. 2.2 Transliteration is the process which consists of representing t
23、he charactersl) of an alphabetical or syllabic writing by the characters of a conversion al- phabet. In principle, the conversion should be made character by character: each character of the converted graphi- cal system is rendered by only one character of the conversion alphabet, this being the eas
24、iest way to ensure the complete and unambiguous reversibility of the conversion alphabet in the converted system. When the number of characters used in the conver- sion system is smaller than the number of characters of the converted system, it is necessary to use digraphs or diacritical marks. In t
25、his case, arbitrary choices and the use of purely conventional marks shall be avoided as far as possible, and a certain pho- netic logic shall be maintained in order to give the system a wide acceptance. However, it must be accepted that the graphism ob- tained cannot always be correctly pronounced
26、ac- cording to the phonetic habits of the language (or of all the languages) which usually use(s) the conversion alphabet. On the other hand this graphism shall be such that the reader who has a knowledge of the converted language may mentally restore unequivo- cally the original graphism and thus p
27、ronounce it. 1) A character is an elemerit of an alphabetical or other type of writing system that graphically represents a phoneme, a syl- lable, a word or even a prosodical characteristic of a given language. It is used either alone (e.g. a letter, a syllabic sign, an ideographical character, a di
28、git, a punctuation mark) or in combination (e.g. an accent, a diacritical mark). A letter having an accent or a diacritical mark, for example 8. 4 5 x . 6 7 7 7 . 8 9 1 7 ID 11 12 7 3 t . 13 t 14 n 15 D r; -xew * 1 character Transliteration Latin character into I -. 1 Hebreyr / Tren;linty;!;t charac
29、tc 3 . 22 23 n 24 W 25 . W 26 I z 27 t I b . 26 29 ft t 30 . m m n n S 42 S I P 36 1 r 37 w B 36 . w ; 39 40 41 . 43 n t Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 10:03:32 MDTNo re
30、production or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 259-2:1994(E) Q IS0 Table 2 - Vowels a a No. Hebrew character Transliteration into Latin character No. Hebrew character . Transliteration into Latin character 44 51 7 iiii 45 T . 52 1 v; 46 e 53 . . -. . . 47 e 54 . . . . . . . 46
31、 i 55 . T: . 43 0 50 U *. NOTE - Character sgwa : is omitted. 4 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 10:03:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
32、HS -,-,- 0 IS0 IS0 259-2:1994(E) Table 3 - Non-Hebrew phonemes and abbreviation symbols Hebtew character Transliteration EXWnplOS 1 (= j English) g Ii 1 - Gkn 1 (= j French) .?* 2 7 1 - fan F 3 f = ch English) S 5 y? 8 - $eiyl . . f! f Foreign words transcribed or transliterated into It is recommend
33、ed to transliterate these letters T Hebrew by means of other Hebrew letters by the corresponding Latin letters given in s having diacritical marks, particularly the table 1 and marked with the same diacritical z apostrophe. mark as the original. 91 i Single quotation mark fger$ as abbreviation Trans
34、literated by a single quotation mark at 419 - PIWP symbol. the end of the abbreviation. a Double quotation mark fgeyt b&t bet 23 n mem m&m mem 4 1 eiymel guimel gimel 25 1 n&n noun nun 6 I dalet dalet dalet 27 D samek samekh samech 8 If he) ht+ he 29 u 10 1 waw waw waw 30 5 12 t zayin zain zain 32 x
35、 14 n ?evt h&t chet 34 I 7 15 b pd th&t tet 36 1 9 17 tid wd vod 37 tv 19 3 I& kaf kaph 42 n NOTE - The other consonants are identical with a dagesh. ayin ayin be PB sadiy tsadC SAP kof reyg resh sYiyn shin taw tav ayin pe zade qwh resh shin taw Copyright International Organization for Standardizati
36、on Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 10:03:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 259-2:1994(E) KS 01.140.10 Descriptors: documentation, transliteration, Hebraic characters, Latin characters. Price based on 7 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 10:03:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-