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1、 Reference number ISO 15859-8:2004(E) ISO 2004 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15859-8 First edition 2004-06-01 Space systems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods Part 8: Kerosine propellant Systmes spatiaux Caractristiques, chantillonnage et mthodes dessai des fluides Partie 8: Krosne (carbu
2、rant) ISO 15859-8:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing.
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5、ddress given below. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or I
6、SOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved ISO 15859-8:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iii F
7、oreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a te
8、chnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters
9、of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
10、 to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible f
11、or identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15859-8 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 15859 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems Fluid characteristics, sampling and
12、 test methods: Part 1: Oxygen Part 2: Hydrogen Part 3: Nitrogen Part 4: Helium Part 5: Nitrogen tetroxide propellants Part 6: Monomethylhydrazine propellant Part 7: Hydrazine propellant Part 8: Kerosine propellant Part 9: Argon Part 10: Water Part 11: Ammonia Part 12: Carbon dioxide Part 13: Breathi
13、ng air ISO 15859-8:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reserved Introduction Fluid operations at a spaceport or launch site may involve a number of operators and supplier/customer interfaces, from the fluid production plant to the delivery to the launch vehicle or spacecraft. The purpose of ISO 15859 is
14、to establish uniform requirements for the components, sampling and test methods of fluids used in the servicing of launch vehicles, spacecraft and ground support equipment. The fluid composition limits specified are intended to define the purity and impurity limits of the fluid for loading into the
15、launch vehicle or spacecraft. The fluid sampling and test methods are intended to be applied by any operator. The fluid sampling and test methods are acceptable methods for verification of the fluid composition limits. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15859-8:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Space s
16、ystems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods Part 8: Kerosine propellant 1 Scope This part of ISO 15859 specifies limits for the composition of kerosine and establishes the sampling and test requirements applicable for the verification of the kerosine composition. This part of ISO 15859 i
17、s applicable to kerosine propellant intended for use in fuel in propellant systems of space systems as well as in both flight hardware and ground support facilities, systems and equipment. It may be applied to influent or effluent kerosine. This part of ISO 15859 is applicable to any sampling operat
18、ion required to ensure that, when the fluid enters the launch vehicle or spacecraft, the fluid composition complies with the limits provided hereafter or with any technical specification agreed to for a particular use. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for t
19、he application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3012, Petroleum products Determination of thiol (mercaptan) sulfur in light and middle distillate fuels
20、 Potentiometric method ISO 3014, Petroleum products Determination of the smoke point of kerosine ISO 9000, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000 and the following apply. 3.1 partic
21、ulate matter undissolved solids retained on a filter paper with a 10-m nominal and 40-m absolute rating 3.2 verification test analysis performed on the fluid in the container, or a sample thereof, which is representative of the supply, permitting the verification of fluid composition limits ISO 1585
22、9-8:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 4 Chemical composition and chemical and physical properties 4.1 Chemical composition Unless otherwise provided in an applicable technical specification, the chemical composition of kerosine propellant delivered to the flight vehicle interface shall be in ac
23、cordance with the limits given in Table 1 when tested in accordance with the applicable test methods. Table 1 Composition limits Component Limit Existent gum mg/100 ml, max.7 Potential gum, 16 h aging mg/100 ml, max.14 Sulfur Total mass fraction, %, max.0,05 Mercaptan-sulfur Mass fraction, %, max.0,
24、005a Aromatics Volume fraction, %, max.5,0 Olefins Volume fraction, %, max.2,0 Particulate matter mg/l, max1,5 a The mercaptan-sulfur determination may be waived at the option of the customer if the fuel is considered “sweet.“ 4.2 Chemical and physical properties The propellant shall be a clear and
25、bright homogeneous liquid when examined visually by transmitted light. Unless otherwise provided in an applicable technical specification, the chemical and physical properties of kerosine propellant delivered to the flight vehicle interface shall be in accordance with the limits given in Table 2 whe
26、n tested in accordance with the applicable test methods. Table 2 Chemical and physical properties Property Limit Initial boiling point a Fuel evaporated, 10 % 185 C to 210 C Fuel evaporated, 50 % at C a Fuel evaporated, 90 % at C a End point, max. 274 C Residue, volume fraction, %, max. 1,5 Distilla
27、tion Distillation loss, volume fraction, %, max. 1,5 max. 0,815 Specific gravity min. 0,801 Freezing point C, max.37,8 Thermal value: Net heat of combustion MJ/kg, min.43,031 Viscosity mm2/s at 34,4 C, max.16,5 Smoke point mm, min.25,0 Copper strip corrosion max. a Water reaction b Flashpoint min.43
28、,3 C Aniline point C a Copper corrosion test for 3 h at 100 C a a To be reported; not limited. b See 4.3 for requirements. ISO 15859-8:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3 4.3 Water reaction When tested as specified in Table 1 and Clause 7, the propellant shall separate sharply from the water laye
29、r. In addition, neither layer shall change in volume by more than 1 ml. 4.4 Additives 4.4.1 Type and amount The additives listed in this clause may be used singly or in combination, in amounts which shall not exceed those specified. No substance of known dangerous toxicity under usual conditions of
30、handling and use shall be added except as specified herein. The type and amount of each additive used shall be reported. 4.4.2 Antioxidants The following active inhibitors may be added separately or in combination to the propellant in total concentration not in excess of 9 g of inhibitor (not includ
31、ing mass of solvent) per 375 l of fuel in order to prevent the formation of gum: a) 2,6-ditertiarybutyl-4-methyl phenol; b) N,N-disecondarybutyl paraphenylenediamine; c) 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiarybutyl phenol; d) 2,6-ditertiarybutyl phenol. 4.4.3 Metal deactivator A metal deactivator, N,N-disalicyliden
32、e-1,2-propanediamine, may be added in an amount which shall not exceed 2,1 g of active ingredient per 375 l of fuel. 4.4.4 Dye A dye, methyl derivative of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol, may be added in an amount which shall not exceed 14 g per 3 750 I of fuel. 5 Procurement The kerosine specified in C
33、lause 1 should be procured in accordance with an applicable national standard. 6 Fluid sampling CAUTION Kerosine propellant is a combustible liquid and a fire hazard. Care should be taken in the handling and storage of kerosine propellant to prevent contact with ignition sources. Harmful if swallowe
34、d and/or aspirated into the lungs. Can cause skin irritation upon prolonged or repeated contact. -,-,- ISO 15859-8:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 6.1 Plan In order to ensure that the fluid composition complies with the limits specified in this part of ISO 15859, a fluid sampling plan should
35、be established by all the involved operators, from the production to the space vehicle interface, and approved by the final user. Sampling activities and test methods shall comply with all safety regulations and rules applicable to that task. This plan shall specify the sampling points, the sampling
36、 procedures, the sampling frequency, the sample size, the number of samples, the test methods, and the responsibilities of any involved operator. 6.2 Responsibility for sampling Unless otherwise provided in an applicable technical specification, the kerosine delivered to the flight vehicle interface
37、 shall be sampled and verified by the supplier responsible for providing the kerosine to the flight vehicle. The supplier may use his/her or any other resources suitable for the performance of the verification tests specified herein unless otherwise directed by the customer. 6.3 Sampling points Unle
38、ss otherwise specified, sampling shall be conducted at the fluid storage site. 6.4 Sampling frequency Sampling shall be performed annually or in accordance with a time agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 6.5 Sample size The quantity in a single sample container shall be sufficient to perfo
39、rm the analysis for the limiting characteristics. If a single sample does not contain a sufficient quantity to perform all of the analyses for the required quality verification test, additional samples shall be taken under similar conditions. 6.6 Number of samples The number of samples shall be in a
40、ccordance with one of the following: a) one sample per storage container; b) any number of samples agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 6.7 Storage container Unless otherwise provided by the applicable sampling plan, the fluid storage container shall not be refilled after the sample is take
41、n. -,-,- ISO 15859-8:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5 6.8 Liquid samples Liquid samples shall be a typical specimen from the liquid kerosine supply. Samples shall be obtained in accordance with one of the following. a) By filling the sample container and storage containers at the same time, on
42、 the same manifold, and under the same conditions and with the same procedures. b) By withdrawing a sample from the supply container through a suitable connection into the sample container. No pressure regulator shall be used between the supply and the sample containers. (Suitable purge and drain va
43、lves are permissible.) For safety reasons, the sample container and sampling system shall have a rated service pressure at least equal to the pressure in the supply container. c) By connecting the container being sampled directly to the analytical equipment using suitable pressure regulation to prev
44、ent overpressurizing this equipment. 6.9 Rejection When any sample of the fluid tested in accordance with Clause 7 fails to conform to the requirements specified in this part of ISO 15859, the fluid represented by the sample shall be rejected. Disposal of the rejected fluid shall be specified by the
45、 customer. 7 Test methods 7.1 General The supplier will ensure, by standard practice, the quality level of kerosine. If required, alternate test methods are described in 7.3 to 7.19. Other test methods not listed in this part of ISO 15859 are acceptable if agreed upon between the supplier and the cu
46、stomer. These tests are a single analysis or a series of analyses performed on the fluid to ensure the reliability of the storage facility to supply the required quality level. This can be verified by analysis of representative samples of the fluid from the facility at appropriate intervals as agree
47、d upon between supplier and the customer. Tests may be performed by the supplier or by a laboratory agreed upon between the supplier and the customer. The analytical requirements for the tests shall include the determination of all limiting characteristics of kerosine. 7.2 Parameters of analysis The
48、 parameters for analytical techniques contained in 7.3 to 7.19 are the following: a) calibration of gas standards containing the applicable gaseous components may be required to calibrate the analytical instruments used to determine the limiting characteristic levels of fluid; b) if required by the
49、customer, the accuracy of the measuring equipment used in preparing these standards shall be traceable to an established institute for standards; c) analytical equipment shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. 7.3 Kerosine distillation The kerosine shall be distilled by using a 100 ml sample under prescribed conditions that are appropriate to