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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 6947 Second edition 1990-02-01 Corrected and reprinted 1993-0501 Welds - Working positions - Definitions of angles of slope and rotation (Revision of IS0 6947 : 1960) Soudures - Positions de travail - Dhfinitions des angles dinclinaison et de rotation Reference number IS0
2、6947 : 1990 (E) IS0 6947 : 1990 (E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body i
3、nterested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotec
4、hnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with I
5、S0 procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard IS0 6947 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 6947 : 19801, of which it constitutes a technical r
6、evision; reasons for the revision are given in the “Introduction” (p. iii). 0 IS0 1990 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the pu
7、blisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 . CH-1211 Geneve 20 . Switzerland Printed in Switzerland -,-,- IS0 6947 : 1990 (El Introduction The main reasons for the revision of IS0 6947 : 1980 are given below. The working positions should be valid for welds in plates and
8、pipes. The direction of welding is an essential parameter for determining the working posi- tion, e.g. up or down; however, in IS0 6947 : 1980, the working direction was not dealt with. The working position is not dependent on the geometrical arrangement of the joint, e.g. butt or fillet joint, or t
9、hat of the semi-finished product. The limitations for slope (within 0” to %I01 and for rotation (up to a maximum of 1800), as specified in IS0 6947 : 1980 (clockwise or counter-clockwise), prevent the complete specification of the weld and the direction of welding in space; it could not, therefore,
10、be applicable for automatic and robotic welding. It is intended in this second edition of IS0 6947 that the whole sphere be included so that welds in all types and all directions are covered. To avoid any misunderstanding, the main positions have been given symbols which can easily be used for desig
11、nation purposes; these symbols were chosen independent- ly of possible meaningful abbreviations, i.e. they are not derived from any particular language. The centreline is normally identical with the position of the stick electrode. The main positions have been defined without any tolerances for slop
12、e and rotation. For some stick electrodes, it may be useful to add the required tolerances as necessary for their application. In such cases, the main position, e.g. flat position, can be supplemented by specifying limits of slope and rotation. -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 6947 : 1990 (E) Welds
13、- Working positions - Definitions of angles of slope and rotation 1 Scope This International Standard defines working positions and makes it possible to locate welds in space with reference to the horizontal reference plane (usually parallel to the workshop floor) by means of angles of slope and rot
14、ation which are in- dependent from surrounding construction. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 working position: Position determined by the position of the weld in space and by the working direction. 2.2 slope, S: In the case of strai
15、ght welds, the angle be- tween the root line and the positive x-axis of the horizontal reference plane (see figure 1); the slope is measured in the mathematically positive (i.e. counter-clockwise) direction. The co-ordinate system shall be arranged so that the root line lies in the vertical referenc
16、e plane (x/z-plane; see figure 1) and that the working direction radiates outwards from the co- ordinate origin. In the case of curved welds, the same stipulation applies: the slope is obtained from the tangent to the root line - at the par- ticular cross-section of the weld in question - and the x-
17、axis. Each particular cross-section has its own specific co-ordinate system. NOTE - For pipes with inclined axes, the slope is intrinsically expressed by the welding direction (see 3.2). 2.3 rotation, R: The angle between the centreline of the weld (i.e. the line joining the centres of the weld root
18、 and the capping layer) and the positive y-axis or a line parallel to the y-axis, measured in the mathematically positive (i.e. counter- clockwise) direction in the plane of the transverse cross-section of the weld in question. +.Z a) S=4P Root line ? 0 Starting point -+-AL, Vertical reference plane
19、 Horizontal reference plane Centreline of weld - Working direction b) Examples of slope ranging from S = O” to S = 360“ Figure 1 - Slope, S 1 -,-,- IS0 6947 : 1690 (E) The viewing direction for the weld cross-section is directed towards the co-ordinate origin, i.e. opposite to the working direction
20、(see figure 2). In the case of slopes where S = 90 or S = 270 (see figure 11, it is not necessary to determine the rotation because all angles may occur. Examples of how rotation is determined on symmetrical and asymmetrical butt and fillet welds are given in figures 3 to 5. NOTES 1 The centreline u
21、sually coincides with the position of the filler material, e.g. covered electrode. 2 For pipes with inclined axes, the rotation is intrinsically expressed by the angle of inclination (see 3.3). Line parallel to y-axis Line parallel to y-axis Viewing direction I I -z Starting point -) Viewing directi
22、on Centrelines of weld 270” al Working position where S = O” (or 360) and R = 90 b) Working position where S = 30 and R = 270 Figure 2 - Rotation R ,/, Centreline of weld Figure 3 - Examples of rotation (R = Xl01 of symmetrical butt welds with horizontal workpiece surface Centrelines of weld Figure
23、4 - Examples of rotation, R, of asymmetrical butt welds with horizontal workpiece surface Centreline of weld Figure 5 - Examples of rotation, R, of symmetrical and asymmetrical fillet welds 2 -,-,- ISO6947:1996 (El 3 Working positions 3.1 Main positions The main positions, defined by slope and rotat
24、ion, are given in table 1 and illustrated in figure 6. For the sake of clarity, symbols for the main working positions are given from the co-ordinate origin; the working direction is outwards. Examples of main positions for butt and fillet welds are illustrated in figure 7. Vertical reference plane
25、-A - (I/-.I ,x/” a) Schematic diagram Flat I PA Horizontal vertical Horizontal vertical Horizontal overhead Overhead b) Simplified view Figure 6 - Main positions 3 -,-,- IS0 6947 : 1990 (El Table 1 - Terms and symbols for main positions Terms Flat position Horizontal vertical position Horizontal pos
26、ition Horizontal overhead position Overhead position Description Horizontal working, centreline of weld vertical, capping layer on capping Horizontal working, capping layer towards the capping Horizontal working, centreline of weld horizontal Horizontal working, overhead, capping layer towards the b
27、ottom Horizontal working, overhead, centreline of weld vertical, capping layer underneath Symbol PA PB PC PD PE Slope Rotation s R 00 9o” 1800 900 00 450 00 1350 1800 450 1800 1350 00 00 00 1800 1800 00 1800 1800 00 2250 00 3150 1800 2250 1800 3150 00 270 1800 270 Vertical up position Working upward
28、s PF 900 - Vertical down position Working downwards PG 270 - NOTES 1 To avoid confusion with existing abbreviations, e.g. F for flat, in principle the letter “P” (for position) has been placed in front of the symbol to indicate “main position”. 2 Tolerances for the main positions are not specified i
29、n this International Standard because they depend on the different welding procedures used. 4 -,-,- IS0 6947 : 1990 (E) a) PA: flat position cl PC: horizontal position e) PE: overhead position b) PB: horizontal vertical position d) PD: horizontal overhead position F v f) PF: vertical up position11 v
30、 , g) PG vertical down positionl) Figure 7 - Examples of main positions for butt and fillet welds 1) For special purposes, e.g. testing welders; this position is regarded as a main position. 5 IS0 6947 : 1990 (E) 3.2 Inclined positions 3.2.1 Plates and longitudinal welds in pipes The inclined positi
31、ons shall be defined by slope and rotation (see figure 8 and table 1). ;90” Figure 8 - Inclined position for plates 3.2.2 Circumferential welds in pipes For weld positions on pipes with inclined axes, the indication of slope and rotation shall be simplified as follows: a) The indication of rotation
32、is replaced by the letter “L” and the angle of inclination (see figure 9). NOTE - Angles between 180 and 360 are normally not used except for robotic welding where a fixed reference plane is necessary. b) The indication of slope is replaced by the appropriate letter of the welding direction (see exa
33、mples in figure 10) : - H for welding up - J for welding down - K for orbital welding For welds on fixed pipes with inclined axes, the zenith shall be taken as the point at right angles to the reference plane (see examples in figure 11). 0” 360” Horizontal reference plane Figure 9 - Examples of symb
34、olization of inclination of pipes with inclined axes / 270” IS0 6947 : 1990 (El a) Welding direction up (HI b) Welding direction down (J) Figure 10 - Examples of welding direction on fixed pipe with horizontal axis a) Welding up towards the zenith: H-LO45 - Reference plane b) Welding down from the z
35、enith: J-LO60 Figure 11 - Examples of zenith, welding direction and symbolization of inclination for fixed pipes with inclined axes 7 -,-,- IS0 9947 : 1990 (E) 4 Designation Main positions shall be designated by the appropriate symbol specified in table 1 (see example 1); the symbol for the main pos
36、ition may be supplemented by the values for slope and rotation, given in three digits (see example 2). Inclined positions shall be designated by slope and rotation in accordance with 3.2.1, except for pipes with inclined axes (see example 3). For circumferential welds in pipes with inclined axes, th
37、e indication of slope and rotation shall be simplified in accordance with 3.2.2 (see examples 4 and 5). Examples : plates 7 The main position “horizontal vertical” (PBI shall be designated as follows: PB 2 The main position “horizontal vertical” (PB), with slope of 130 and rotation of 45, shall be d
38、esignated as follows: PB 130-045 3 The inclined position, with slope of 30 and rotation of %I”, shall be designated as follows: a30-090 Examples: pipes 4 The weld position on pipes with inclined axes, with welding direction “welding up” (H) and an inclination angle of 30, shall be designated as foll
39、ows: H-LO30 5 The weld position on pipes with inclined axes, with welding direction “welding down” (J) and an inclination angle of W, shall be designated as follows : J-Lo60 UDC 621.791 Descriptors : welding, welded joints, butt welds, fillet welds, rotation, position (location). Price based on 8 pages -,-,-