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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 683-l 5 Second edition 1992-08-15 Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels - Part 15: Valve steels for internal combustion engines Aciers pour traitement thermique, aciers alli e) the number of this part of IS0 683; For the purposes of this part of IS0 6
2、83, the following definition applies. f) the alloy grade (see table 1); g) the heat-treatment condition on delivery (see 6.2); 3.1 valve materials: Steels and non-ferrous metal alloys which exhibit, to varying degrees, resistance to: h) all other necessary details including the intended method of pr
3、ocessing (hot extrusion or upsetting with electric resistance heating); - heat, - thermal cycling, i) the required type of document (see 7.1) - corrosion, - oxidation, 6 Requirements - fatigue loading, 6.1 Manufacturing process - impact, - adhesive and abrasive wear. 6.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed in
4、 the order, the type of melting process (see 6.1.2) and the type of process used in making the product are left to the discretion of the manufacturer. Valve materials are therefore used for the manufac- ture of intake and exhaust valves in reciprocating internal combustion engines. 6.1.2 The non-fer
5、rous metal alloys NiCr 15 Fe 7 TiAI, NiFe 25 Cr 20 NbTi and NiCr 20 TiAl are usually produced by remelting processes. 4 Grade classification and categorization 4.1 The materials listed in this part of IS0 683 are classified according to their chetnical composition (see table 1). 6.2 Heat-treatment c
6、ondition and surface finish at the time of delivery The heat-treatment condition and surface finish of the products at the time of delivery shall be agreed when ordering. NOTES 1 Valve materials intended for subsequent processing by metal forming are normally ordered in one of the heat-treatment con
7、ditions indicated in table 3. 4.2 Valve materials are divided into two categories based upon structure, which is itself determined by the general chemical composition: - martensitic steels which are primarily used for intake valves and the stem portion of exhaust valves; 2 When they have become fini
8、shed components, the materials are used, depending on their chemical compo- sition, in the quenched and tempered or the precipitation-hardened condition (see tables A.1 and A.5). 3 Valve materials are mainly supplied in bar form, with one of the following surface finishes: - austenitic alloys, which
9、 are primarily used for exhaust valves. 5 Ordering The purchaser shall state in his enquiry and order - peeled and polished; a) the quantity to be delivered; - peeled and ground; b) the designation of the product form (e.g. “bar”, see 1.1); - ground; - ground and polished; - peeled and ground, then
10、polished; c) the number of the product standard, the dimen- sions and, where these are not specified in the standard, the surface finish (see 6.2, note 3) and the tolerances (see 6.6); - as rolled. 2 -,-,- IS0 683-15:1992(E) 6.3 Chemical composition 6.6 Dimensions and tolerances 6.3.1 The chemical c
11、omposition of the materials, as given by the cast analysis, shall conform to the specifications in table 1. 6.3.2 Slight deviations from the specified limits may be permitted by the purchaser, if the characteristics in use are only affected to a negligible extent. 6.3.3 At the time of ordering, it m
12、ay be agreed that the result of the product analysis, with the permis- sible deviations given in table 2, shall serve as proof that the limiting values for the cast analysis in table 1 have been complied with. 6.4 Mechanical properties Table3 specifies values of the mechanical proper- ties at room t
13、emperature for the soft annealed and quenched and tempered conditions of martensitic steels and for the controlled cooled and/or quenched conditions of austenitic materials (see also tables A.1 to A.4). 6.5 Internal and external condition 6.5.1 Any limitations on non-metallic inclusions for valve ma
14、terials shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order. NOTE 4 In connection with agreements of the type de- set-ibed in this subclause, it should be borne in mind that, in the case of open melting, the percentage of non- metallic inclusions will be high because of the high alloy contents of
15、the materials complying with this part of IS0 683 and also that an irregular distribution of the non- metallic inclusions is to be expected. 6.5.2 The valve materials shall not have internal bursts, open centreline, or any other kind of internal void apparent on a polished cross-section at 100 x mag
16、nification. 6.5.3 The NiCr 20 TiAl alloy shall have a grain size of 4 and/or finer when tested in accordance with IS0 643, but occasional coarser grains shall be tol- erated. 6.5.4 In the case of bars which were peeled or ground during finishing (see 6.2, note 3). the depth of surface defects shall
17、not exceed the tolerance class hll of IS0 286-I. 6.5.5 In all other cases, the requirements govern- ing surface quality shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order. For round bars and wire rods to be delivered in the hot-rolled surface condition, these requirements should where appropriate
18、 be based on IS0 9443. The dimensions and tolerances of the product shall comply with the requirements agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order. The agreements shall, as far as possible, be based on corresponding Inter- national Standards or otherwise on suitable national Standards. NOTE 5 The f
19、ollowing International Standards cover di- mensions and/or tolerances for products included in this part of IS0 683: - for as-rolled bars: IS0 1035-l and IS0 10354. - for as-rolled wire rod: IS0 8457-l. 7 Testing 7.1 Agreement between tests and documents 7.1.1 For each delivery, the issue of one of
20、the documents listed in 7.6 may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order. 7.1.2 If, in accordance with the agreements at the time of enquiry and order, a test report is to be pro- vided, this shall cover the results of the cast analysis for all elements specified for the steel type supplied.
21、7.1.3 If, in accordance with the agreements at the time of enquiry and order, an inspection certificate or an inspection report is to be provided. the speci- fications in 7.2 to 7.5 are to be observed. 7.2 Number of tests 7.2.1 Mechanical tests 7.2.1.1 The test unit shall consist of products from th
22、e same cast, the same type of manufacturing process and the same heat-treatment batch; all products of the test unit shall have cross-sections of the same form and nominal dimensions, 7.2.1.2 For the purpose of verifying the mechanical properties given in table 3, unless otherwise agreed at the time
23、 of ordering, one sample per 10 t shall be taken from the test units as described in 7.2.1.1. As far as possible, the hardness shall be determined, otherwise the tensile test shall be carried out. 7.2.2 Other tests Where. in addition to the tests in 7.2.1, other tests are to be carried out and certi
24、fied in an inspection certificate or inspection report, this shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order together with the necessary details on the test unit and the num- ber of tests. 3 -,-,- IS0 683-l 5:1992(E) 7.4.4 Grain size 7.3 Selection and preparation of samples and test pieces 7.3
25、.1 Product analysis For product analysis, the selection and preparation of samples shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of IS0 377-2. If the spectrographic analysis method is used, test- ing may be carried out on the surface of the product. However, in cases of doubt, it will be
26、necessary to carry out several analyses evenly distributed over the cross-section of the product and to average their results. 7.3.2 Tensile and hardness tests 7.3.2.1 The test pieces for the tensile test shall be taken in the longitudinal direction of the products (in accordance with figurel) and b
27、e prepared in ac- cordance with IS0 377-l and IS0 6892. 7.3.2.2 The hardness test shall be made in the cross-sectional area from which the tensile test pieces are to be taken, in accordance with figure 1. The test pieces for the hardness test shall be pre- pared in accordance with IS0 6506 or IS0 65
28、08. 7.3.3 Grain size The instructions given in IS0 643 shall apply to the sampling and preparation of test pieces for deter- mining the austenitic grain size. 7.3.4 Surface testing In accordance with IS0 9443, in cases of dispute, transverse microsections shall be prepared for the microscopic examin
29、ation of the surface quality (see also 7.4.5). The austenitic grain size shall be determined in ac- cordance with IS0 643. Unless otherwise agreed, the choice between the various methods specified in IS0 643 is left to the discretion of the manufacturer. 7.4.5 Surface defects In cases of dispute, th
30、e depth of surface defects shall, in accordance with IS0 9443, be determined by metallography on a transverse microsection. If this is not possible, the defective spot shall be filed until the defect disappears, in order to determine the depth of the defect by suitable means. 7.5 Retests IS0 404 sha
31、ll apply for retests. 7.6 Certification of the tests IS0 10474 is valid, acceptable documents being: - a test report, - an inspection certificate, or - an inspection repot-t. 8 Marking 8.1 Each coil of wire or bundle of bars shall be identified by means of a securely affixed label, fea- turing - the
32、 manufacturers mark or name, - the grade of material, 7.4 Test methods - the cast number, 7.4.1 Chemical analysis - the nominal size. The chemical composition shall be determined in accordance with the appropriate International Stan- dards listed in ISO/TR 9769 or prepared since the publication of I
33、SO/TR 9769. 7.4.2 Tensile test The tensile test shall be performed in accordance with IS0 6892. 7.4.3 Hardness test The Rockwell C hardness test shall be performed in accordance with IS0 6508, the Brine11 hardness test shall be performed in accordance with IS0 6506. Marking which identifies the surf
34、ace finish and/or indicates the coil or bundle weight may be agreed upon. 8.2 The marking on the label shall remain clearly legible even after prolonged outdoor exposure of the coil or bundle. 8.3 In the case of bars with diameters not smaller than 30 mm or with a cross-section of equivalent area, t
35、he manufacturer shall also ensure that one bar per bundle is marked as a guide bar. This re- quires painting its front end white and affixing the manufacturers mark, the material grade and the 4 -,-,- IS0 683-15:1992(E) cast number on the front end, either by engraving (die-stamping), or by printing
36、 (rubber stamping), or by means of adhesive tape. giving information about the manufacturer, the ma- terial grade and the cast number shall be provided. In the case of diameters smaller than 30 mm, or cross-sections of equivalent area, a second label 9 Complaints The conditions for dealing with comp
37、laints specified in ISC 404 shall apply. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1 - Location of tensile test pieces -,-,- IS0 683-l 5:1992(E) Table 1 - Types of valve materials and specified chemical composition (applicable to cast analysis) 20X s!?= Chemical composition % (m/m) Material designation g.5 z
38、 E gX C Si Mn P S Cr MO Ni Others 622 “GIX max Martensitic steels X 50 CrSi 8 2 0.60 0,030 0,030 7.5109.5 X 45 CtSi 9 3 1 0.40to 0.50 2.7103.3 mm 0.80 0,040 0,030 8,Oto 10,O X 85 CrMoV I8 2 -L-L 0.45 to 0.55 I.0102,0 max 3 0.80 to 0.90 mm 1.0 max. 1.5 0,040 0,030 18.5to 18.5 2,0to2,5 zi % 1 o,30too,
39、60” I-L. , t I , , Austenitic materials X 55 CrMnNiN 20 8 X 53 CrMnNiN 21 9 X 50 CrMnNiNbN 219 X 53 CrMnNiNbN 219 X 33 CrNiMnN 23 8 NiCr 15 Fe 7 TiAl NiFe 25 Cr 20 NbTi NiCr 20 TiAl 11 - 8.9 0,50 to 0.60 0.48 to 0.58 0,45100.55 0.48toO.58 0.28toO.38 0,03100,10 “lax 0,lO 0.04t00.10 max 0.25 max 0,25
40、max 0,45 mm 0.45 0,5oto 1,OO Inax 0,50 rnax t .o “Iax 1.0 7.010 10.0 8.0 to 10.0 a,0 to 10.0 8.0 to 10.0 1.5103.5 max 0.50 mm 1.0 “lax 1,o 0,050 0,050 0.050 0,050 0,050 0,015 0,030 0,020 0,030 0,030 0,030 0,030 0.030 0.015 0,015 0.015 19.5to21.5 20,010 22.0 20.0 to 22.0 1,5102,75 3.25104.5 3,5to5.5
41、20.0 to 22.0 3.25t04.5 22.0 to 24.0 max 0.50 l”3X 0.50 7.oto9.0 14,010 17,o Remainder 18,Oto21,0 Remainder 18.0to21,O min 65 0.2OtoO.40 N 0.35 to 0.50 N 0,80 to 1,50 W 1.8Olo2.50 Nb+Ta 0,4OtoO,60 N 0,38toO,50 N C + N 0.80 2.OOto3.00 Nb+Ta max 0,50 W 0,25toO.35 N I.10t01.35 Al 5.Oto9.0 Fe 0.70to 1,20
42、 Nb+Ta 2.0t02.6 TI 0.30 to I .OO Al 23.0 to 28.0 Fe l.Oto2.0 Nb+Ta l.Oto2.0 Ti max. 0,008 B max 3.0 Fe max. 0.2 cu max 2.0 Co max 0.008 B 1,Oto 1.8 Al 1.8102.7 li 6 IS0 683-l 5:1992(E) Table 2 - Product analysis - Permissible deviations from the specified cast analysis (see table 1) Cast analysis (s
43、pecified limits) Permissible deviationsl) 2) from the specified Element composition Yo (m;m) % (m/m) 1.0 2,0 d 10,o + 0,06 _-. - - P 0,040 d 0,050 + 0,010 - S 10,o 15,o 20,o 7 210 IO,9 II,2 II,5 ii.8 21 500 Existent X 45 CrSi 9 3 7,7 210 10,9 II,2 II,5 ii,8 21 500 Extstent x a5 CrMoV ia 2 797 210 IO
44、,9 II,:! II,5 118 21 500 Existent -_ - -_ I - Austenilic materials X 55 CrMnNlN 20 8 X 53 CrMnNiN 21 9 X 50 CrMnNiNbN 21 9 X 53 CrMnNiNbN 21 9 X 33 CrNiMnN 23 a NiCr 15 Fe 7 TiAl NiFe 25 Cr 20 NbTi NiCr 20 TiAl 1) 1 Nlrnm*=l MPa 73 205 15,5 17,5 78 205 15.5 17,5 7,a 205 15.5 17.5 78 205 15,5 17.5 78
45、 205 16,5 17,l 83 215 13.0 14.0 61 215 14,l 15,5 83 215 II,9 13.1 ia,5 ia,5 qa,5 Aa, 17,3 14,5 15,9 13,7 I a,a Aa-8 I a,8 ia,a 17,4 15.5 16.8 14.5 - 14,5 500 Non-existent*) 14,5 500 Non-exister1 14,5 500 Non-existent*) 14.5 500 Non-existed 14,5 500 Non-existent21 13 460 Non-existent 13 460 Non-exist
46、ent 13 460 Non-existent 2) Austenitic SteetS may be slightly magnetizable in the aged condition. Their magnetizability may increase with extended cold form. ing. 12 -,-,- IS0 683-15:1992(E) UDC 669.14/.15.018.2:621.43-33 Descript&s: steels, heat treatable steels, alloy steels, free machining steels, internal combustion engines, engine valves, classification, specifications, mechanical properhes, chemical composition, tests, mechanical tests, chemical analysis, designation, marking. Price based on 12 pages _ _ - -_-