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1、 Reference number ISO 7589:2002(E) ISO 2002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7589 Second edition 2002-02-01 Photography Illuminants for sensitometry Specifications for daylight, incandescent tungsten and printer Photographie Illuminants sensitomtriques Spcifications pour la lumire du jour, la lumire artif
2、icielle et la tireuse Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:30:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 7589:2002(E) PDF disc
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5、he file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All r
6、ights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of
7、the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with
8、ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:30:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 7589:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and def
9、initions .1 4 ISO sensitometric illuminants2 4.1 General2 4.2 ISO sensitometric daylight illuminant.2 4.3 ISO sensitometric studio tungsten illuminant3 4.4 ISO sensitometric photoflood illuminant3 4.5 ISO sensitometric printer illuminant3 5 Camera films: Spectral distribution index (ISO/SDI)3 5.1 Ge
10、neral3 5.2 Weighted spectral sensitivity values.3 5.3 Calculation of the ISO/SDI 3 5.4 Tolerances for ISO/SDI4 6 Black-and-white papers: Spectral distribution index (ISO/SDI)4 6.1 General4 6.2 Weighted spectral sensitivity values.4 6.3 Calculation of the ISO/SDI 4 6.4 Tolerances for ISO/SDI5 Annex A
11、 (informative) Example sources 9 Annex B (informative) Exposure calculations12 Annex C (informative) Average colour film sensitivities.13 Annex D (informative) Average black-and-white printing paper sensitivities 14 Bibliography15 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by
12、IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:30:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 7589:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) i
13、s a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represe
14、nted on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are d
15、rafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
16、Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 75
17、89 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7589:1984), which has been technically revised and enlarged to include a standard sensitometric illuminant for black-and-white papers. Annexes A to D of this International S
18、tandard are for information only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:30:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 7589:2002
19、(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved v Introduction Colour and black-and-white camera films are most commonly designed for use with three light sources, these being daylight, studio tungsten (type B) and photoflood (type A), while black-and-white papers are most commonly used with enlargers employing in
20、candescent tungsten sources. This International Standard specifies three corresponding illuminants for film sensitometry and one for black-and-white paper sensitometry, since most meaningful results are obtained when exposing conditions match those of actual film or paper use. Two other important ph
21、otographic light sources for film, the electronic flashtube and blue photoflash lamps, give light of a colour that approximates daylight so that the sensitometric daylight illuminant also serves for films used with them. This International Standard constitutes a revision of the first edition, ISO 75
22、89:1984. It differs from the first edition in that it includes a standard sensitometric illuminant for black-and-white papers (the first edition dealt with camera film illuminants only). No standard exists for the determination of the speeds of colour papers. The illuminants described in this Intern
23、ational Standard are used in ISO 3028, ISO 6728 and other International Standards which describe methods for determining the speed of various types of sensitized products. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standard
24、s 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:30:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:30
25、:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7589:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Photography Illuminants for sensitometry Specifications for daylight, incandescent tungsten and printer 1 Scope This International Standard specifies t
26、he spectral characteristics of illuminants for sensitometry appropriate for evaluating camera films used for pictorial photography in natural daylight, studio tungsten and photoflood, including colour and black-and-white films, both reversal and negative types, and for evaluating black-and-white pap
27、ers used with incandescent tungsten printers. It also describes methods for evaluating the acceptability of illuminants for sensitometry and specifies tolerances. It does not include illuminants for use with colour papers, since this would need to take account of the coloured mask of the negative ma
28、terial, for which no standard information is at present available. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of,
29、 any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative docu
30、ment referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3028:1984, Photography Camera flash illuminants Determination of ISO spectral distribution index (ISO/SDI) ISO 6728:1983, Photography Camera lenses Determination of ISO colour contribu
31、tion index (ISO/CCI) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 source physical emitter of energy 3.2 illuminant light impinging on a sensitized material and having a specific spectral power distribution not necessarily pro
32、vided directly by a source and not necessarily realizable by a source 3.3 relative spectral power distribution description of the spectral character of radiation by the relative spectral distribution of some radiometric quantity (radiant flux, radiant intensity) Copyright International Organization
33、for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:30:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 7589:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3.4 distribution temperature thermod
34、ynamic temperature of the full radiator for which the ordinates of the spectral distribution curve of its radiance are proportional, in the visible region, to those of the distribution curve of the radiation considered 3.5 photographic daylight relative spectral power distribution of typical dayligh
35、t having a correlated colour temperature of approximately 5 500 K NOTE This describes the combination of skylight and sunlight when the sun is about 40 above the horizon with a clear atmosphere, and is designated as D55. 3.6 spectral distribution index SDI three-number designation for camera films w
36、hich describes the degree to which a light source is expected to change the overall colour of a photograph relative to that obtained with a specified illuminant, and two-number designation for black-and-white enlarging papers which describes the degree to which a light source affects the relative co
37、ntributions from emulsion sensitivity and dye sensitivity 4 ISO sensitometric illuminants 4.1 General This International Standard is concerned with the simulation of the spectral quality of radiation incident on the film (not the camera) or on the enlarger baseboard (not the enlarger lamp). In order
38、 to realize this simulation, a given photographic illuminant (which is concerned with the light illuminating the subject matter or the light before passing through the optical system of a printer) has to be suitably modulated. For the purposes of this International Standard, the ISO standard camera
39、lens specified in ISO 6728 has been taken as the best available modulator for which standard data are available. The relative spectral power distributions of the four ISO sensitometric illuminants described in this International Standard are normally obtained by operating a lamp at a specified condi
40、tion and modulating the flux with selectively absorbing filters of suitable spectral transmittance. It should be emphasized that this International Standard specifies the relative spectral distribution of power incident on the exposure plane at 10 nm intervals, i.e. the relative spectral power emitt
41、ed by a source and its modulation by all elements in the sensitometer that affect the spectral quality, for example filters, mirrors and optical wedge. 4.2 ISO sensitometric daylight illuminant This is suitable for the sensitometry of “daylight balanced” colour films and is also normally used for bl
42、ack-and- white camera films. These films are designed to be exposed in photographic daylight (see 3.5) or with flash. The spectral power distribution used to represent photographic daylight was taken from the data of Judd et al.4 who give typical spectral irradiance data for five different condition
43、s of daylight (skylight and sunlight plus skylight). Data corresponding to a correlated colour temperature of 5 500 K were selected as the most appropriate for photography and designated as D55. This is the prevailing condition in temperate zones during the daylight hours recommended for colour phot
44、ography. The ISO sensitometric daylight illuminant is defined as the product of the spectral power distribution of photographic daylight (D55) and the spectral transmittance of the International Standard camera lens, ( ) . The aim values, S, for the relative spectral power distribution for this illu
45、minant are given in Table 1. An illuminant complying with these values within the tolerances specified in 5.4 may be designated “ISO sensitometric daylight illuminant”. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1
46、/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:30:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 7589:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 4.3 ISO sensitometric studio tungsten illuminant This is suitable for the sensitometry of type B colour films which are normally e
47、xposed with lamps described as 3 200 K lamps. However, the effect of lamp age, reflectors, diffusers and general studio conditions is to reduce the average effective distribution temperature to about 3 050 K. The spectral power distribution used to represent studio tungsten was obtained by spectrora
48、diometric measurements in several professional photographic studios. The aim values, S, for the relative spectral power distribution for this source after modulation by the ISO standard lens are given in Table 2. An illuminant complying with these values within the tolerances specified in 5.4 may be designated “ISO sensitometric studio tungsten illuminant”. 4.4 ISO sensitometric photoflood illuminant This illuminant is suitable for the sensitometry of type A colour films. T