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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8548-1 First edition 198Q-08-01 Prosthetics and orthotics - Limb deficiencies - Part 1 : Method of describing limb deficiencies present at birth Prothkses et ortheses - Malformation des membres - Partie I : Methode de description des malformations congknitales des membres
2、Reference number ISO 8548-1 : 1989 (EI Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 8548
3、-1 :1989 (El Forevvord ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject
4、 for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IE0
5、 on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring
6、 at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard ISO 8548-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 168, Prosthetics and ortho tics. ISO 8548 consists of the followi ortho tics - Limb deficiencies : - Part 7: Method of - Part2: Method of w Parts, under the general title
7、 Prosthetics and describing iimb deficiencies present at birth describing lower limb amputation Stumps NOTE - A further amputation Stumps. part is also in preparation, covering the method of describing UPPer Annex A of this part of ISO 8548 is for information only. 0 ISO 1989 All rights reserved. No
8、 part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Prin
9、ted in Switzerland ii Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IsO8548-1:1989 (EI Introd
10、uction Prior to IQ61 there was little or no agreement over the terms used to describe con- genital skeletal limb deficiencies. In that year Frantz and ORahilly published a classification in the USA which attempted to provide a comprehensive System of nomenclature. At the same time a different System
11、 was in use in Europe. Although both Systems used terms derived from Greek roots there was little similarity. A revision of the US classification by Burtch in IQ66 attempted to bridge the gap, but has been used as a third System rather than as a revised Version. In 1969 Henkel and Willert pro- duced
12、 a systemization of the German nomenclature based on a Progression in the severity of the defect. Against this background the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics formed an international working Party in 1973 whose task was to produce a Single acceptable classification. Early agreemen
13、t was reached that this should apply only to those defi- ciencies which result from a failure of formation of Parts, and should describe them in simple anatomical terms avoiding words derived from Greek or Latin roots. This work- ing Party (usually known as the Kay Committee after its Chairman, the
14、late Hector Kay) produced such a classification which was tested in a number of centres. In brief, it describes all such deficiencies as either “transverse” or “longitudinal”. The former in- cludes all those in which the affected limb has developed proximodistally to a particular level beyond which
15、no skeletal elements exist, and thus the limb resembles an ampu- tation Stump. Such deficiencies are described by the level at which the limb terminates: The longitudinal type of deficiency includes all other deficiencies in which one or more bones may be partially or totally absent, and in this cas
16、e the absent bone(s) are in- dividually named. Users of this International Standard are also advised of the WHO International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps, published by the World Health Organization, Geneva, 1980. Copyright International Organization for Standardization
17、Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- This page intentionally left blank Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by
18、IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8548-1 : 1989 (E) Prosthetics and orthotics - Limb deficiencies - Part 1: Method of descr
19、ibing limb deficiencies present at birth 1 Scope This part of ISO 8548 establishes a method for describing de- ficiencies of the upper and lower limbs present at birth. lt describes only those bone deficiencies that are due to a failure of formation of Parts, and it does so on anatomical and radiolo
20、gical bases. No attempt has been made to attribute any etiological or epidemiological factors. 2 Normative references The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 8548. At the time of publication, the editions indicated w
21、ere valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 8548 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO main- tain registers of currently valid International St
22、andards. ISO 8549-1 : 1989, Prosthetics and orthotics - Vocabulary - Part 7: General terms. ISO 8549-2 : 1989, Prosthetics and orthotics - Vocabulary - Part 2: Terms rela ting to external limb pros theses and wearers of these prostheses. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 8548, the d
23、efinitions given in ISO 8549-1 and ISO 8549-2 apply. 4 Description of deficiencies 4.1 General Initially describe the deficiency as “transverse” or “longitudinal” and then describe further each type of de- ficiency as indicated in 4.2 or 4.3 as appropriate. In cases where a Patient has deficiencies
24、of more than one limb, describe each deficiency separately. 4.2 Transverse def iciencies Describe transverse deficiencies as follows : a) State the side (left or right) of the Patient affected. b) State the limb (upper or lower) affected. c) State the level of the deficiency as shown in figure 1. 4.
25、3 Longitudinal deficiencies Describe longitudinal deficiencies as follows and as indicated in figures 2 and 3: a) State the side (left or right) of the Patient affected. b) State the limb (upper or lower) affected. c) For the bones of the shoulder and pelvic girdles and the long bones of the limbs,
26、state the name of the bone(s) affected. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 854
27、8-1 : 1989 (EI For a metacarpal bone, a metatarsal bone and the phalanges, state the number of the digit affected. Number the metacarpals or metatarsals and the corresponding phalanges from the radial and tibial sides respectively and number the “thumb” and “great toe” as “1”. NOTE - When referring
28、collectively to a metacarpal, or a metatar- sal, and its corresponding phalanges, the term “ray” maY be used. d) State the extent of deficiency of each bone, progress- ing from the most proximal bone to the most distal, as follows : 1) S houlder/ pelvic girdles State which bones are totally absent a
29、nd which bones are partially absent. In the case of partial deficiencies, identify and state the part of the bone that is absent. 2) Humerus, radius and ulna; femur, tibia and fibula State which bones are totally absent and which bones are partially absent. In the case of partial deficiencies, state
30、 the approximate fraction of the bone that is absent and the Position (e.g. proximal, distal) of the deficiency. 3) Carpus; tarsus State if the carpus or tarsus is totally absent or if it is par- tially absent (i.e. some carpal or tarsal bones are present). NOTE - Further description of partial defi
31、ciencies by means naming or enumerating individual bones may be added. 4) Metacarpals; metatarsals State which bones are partially absent. are totally and which bones NOTE - Further description of partial deficiencies by means of stating the Position (i.e. proximal or distal) of the deficiency may b
32、e added. 5) Phalanges State which phalanges are totally phalanges are partially absent. absent and which NOTE - Further description of partial deficiencies by means of naming the affected phalanx (i.e. proximal, intermediate or distal) may be added. e) State the presence of hypoplasia, if appropriat
33、e, for any bone that has not been described as either totally absent or partially absent. NOTE - Examples of various longitudinal deficiencies and their descriptions according to the principles of this Standard are given in annex A. In instances of partial longitudinal deficiencies, more detailed de
34、scriptions of the affected bones may be added, but such descriptions do not come within the scope of this part of ISO 8548. / 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22
35、:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 8548-1 :1989 (EI Upper limb Shoulder Lower limb . Total Pelvis . Upper arm Total Upper third Middle third Thigh Forearm Carpal Metacarpal I Phalangeal I I Lower third I Leg Total Partial Tarsal Total Partial . , Met
36、atarsal I Total I Partial Phalangeal (Tee) (Finger or thumb) NOTE - Total absence of the shoulder or hemipelvis (and all distal elements) is a transverse deficiency. If only a Portion of the shoulder or hemipelvis is absent, the deficiency is of the longitudinal type. Figure 1 - Designation of level
37、s of transverse deficiencies of upper and lower limbs Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
38、 -,-,- 1so8548-1 :1989 (EI I - _- p+-j Partial Carpus Total Partial 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1) The digits of the hand are sometimes referred to by name ; that is : 1, thumb ; 2, index finger ; 3, middle finger ; 4, ring finger, and 5, little (or small) finger. This method is deprecated because it is not
39、 equally applicable to the foot. Figure 2 - Description of longitudinal deficiencies of upper limb 4 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction o
40、r networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO a-l : 1989 (EI lschium I I Total I I Total Partial Tibia Total Partial Tarsus Total Partial Total Partial Fibula Total Partial Metatarsals Total Partial /l 1) 2 3 4 5 1) Great toe. . , Rays Figure 3 - Description of longitudinal deficiencies
41、of lower limb Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 8548-1 : 1989 (EI Annex A (in
42、formative) Examples of description of longitudinal deficiencies Description Left upper limb, longitudinal Carpus : partial Ray : 3 total Phalanges : 2, 3 and 4 total NOTE - The misdng Parts are shown in black. Figure 4 - Examples of longitudinal deficiency of upper limb Description Left lower limb,
43、longitudinal Femur : partial, proximal 2/3 Fibula : total Tarsus : partial Rays : 4 and 5 total NOTE - The missing Parts are shown in black. Figure 5 - Examples of longitudinal deficiency of lower limb 6 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO
44、Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- This page intentionally left blank Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NAS
45、A Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 8548-1 : 1989 (EI UDC 616.71-007.1 Descriptors : medicine, prosthetic devices, upper limbs, lower limbs, defects. Price based on 6 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:11:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-