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1、 Reference number ISO 23278:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23278 First edition 2006-10-01 Non-destructive testing of welds Magnetic particle testing of welds Acceptance levels Contrle non destructif des assemblages souds Contrle par magntoscopie des soudures Niveaux dacceptation Copyrig
2、ht International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 05:42:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23278:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may con
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5、rameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless other
6、wise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright
7、 office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Techni
8、cal Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 05:42:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23278:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standard
9、s bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiz
10、ations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
11、the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % o
12、f the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23278 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardizat
13、ion (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding (as EN 1291:1998 and its Amd.1:2002 and Amd.2:2003), and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in parallel with its app
14、roval by the ISO member bodies. This document constitutes a consolidated version. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be fou
15、nd at http:/www.iso.org. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 05:42:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright Internationa
16、l Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 05:42:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23278:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved
17、 1 Non-destructive testing of welds Magnetic particle testing of welds Acceptance levels 1 Scope This International Standard specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in ferromagnetic steel welds detected by magnetic particle testing. The acceptance levels are primarily intended
18、 for use during manufacture examination, but where appropriate they can be used for in-service inspection. The acceptance levels in this International Standard are based on detection capabilities that can be expected when using techniques specified in ISO 17638 and parameters recommended in Annex A.
19、 The acceptance levels can be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes. Such a relationship is shown in ISO 17635 for ISO 5817. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
20、only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5817, Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections ISO 17635, Non-destruc
21、tive testing of welds General rules for fusion welds in metallic materials ISO 17638, Non-destructive testing of welds Magnetic particle testing ISO/TS 18173, Non-destructive testing General terms and definitions EN 1330-2, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 2: Terms common to the non-destruct
22、ive testing methods EN 1330-7, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 7: Terms used in magnetic particle testing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 18173, EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-7 and the following apply. 3.1 linear indication indica
23、tion having a length greater than three times its width 3.2 non-linear indication indication having a length less than or equal to three times its width Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not
24、for Resale, 04/25/2007 05:42:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23278:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved 4 Testing parameters Many parameters, either individually or in combination, will affect the ability of a technique to detect imperfections of a
25、given size and orientation with respect to the condition of the test surface. Detection of small imperfections is highly dependent on the surface condition of the weld and the detection media used. Examples of the application of these parameters to give a high probability of detection are given in A
26、nnex A. 5 Acceptance levels 5.1 General The width of the test surface shall include the weld metal and the adjacent parent metal up to a distance of 10 mm on each side. Acceptance levels prescribed for linear indications are those corresponding to the evaluation level. Indications lower than this sh
27、all not be taken into account. Normally, acceptable indications shall not be recorded. Local grinding may be used to improve the classification of all or just part of a test surface, when it is required to work to a higher detection limit than that expected by the existing weld surface condition. Ac
28、ceptance levels are given in Table 1. Table 1 Acceptance levels for indications Dimensions in millimetres Acceptance level a Type of indication 1 2 3 Linear indication l = length of indication l u 1,5 l u 3 l u 6 Non-linear indication d = major axis dimension d u 2 d u 3 d u 4 a Acceptance levels 2
29、and 3 may be specified with a suffix “X“ which denotes that all linear indications detected shall be assessed to level 1. However the probability of detection of indications smaller than those denoted by the original acceptance level can be low. 5.2 Grouped indications Any adjacent indications separ
30、ated by less than the major dimension of the smaller shall be assessed as a single, continuous indication. Grouped indications shall be evaluated in accordance with application standards. 5.3 Removal of imperfections Where the product specification permits, local grinding may be used to reduce or re
31、move imperfections which are the cause of unacceptable indications. All such areas shall be re-tested and evaluated with the same magnetic system and technique. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545
32、001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 05:42:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23278:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 Annex A (informative) Recommended testing parameters Recommended testing parameters for reliable detection of small imperfections are giv
33、en in Table A.1. The surfaces are in the as-welded condition. It can be necessary to improve the surface condition, e.g. by abrasive paper or local grinding, to permit accurate interpretation of indications The detection media are given in order of preference. Table A.1 Recommended testing parameter
34、s Acceptance level Surface condition Detection media 1 Fine surface a Fluorescent or colour contrast with contrast aid 2 Smooth surface b Fluorescent or colour contrast with contrast aid 3 General surface c Colour contrast with contrast aid or fluorescent a The weld cap and parent material offer smo
35、oth clean surfaces with negligible undercut, rippling and spatter. The surface finish is typical of welds, made by automatic TIG-welding; submerged arc welding (fully mechanized) and manual metal arc welding with iron powder electrodes. b The weld cap and parent material offer reasonably smooth surf
36、aces with minimal undercut, rippling and spatter. The surface finish is typical of welds made by manual metal arc welding vertical downwards and MAG-welding using argon rich gas for the capping runs. c The weld cap and parent material are in the as-welded condition. The surface finish is typical of
37、welds made by manual metal arc welding or MAG-welding in any position. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 05:42:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without
38、 license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23278:2006(E) ICS 25.160.40 Price based on 3 pages ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 05:42:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-