ISO-9036-1987.pdf

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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Information processing - Arabic 7-bit coded character set for information interchange Jeu de caracthres arabes cod code code extension . code table . control character . control function graphic character . graphic symbol . position . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 1 . . 1 . 1

2、. 1 1 . . 2 . . 2 . . 2 5 Specification of the coded character set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5.1 Control characters 2 5.2 Character SPACE . 4 5.3 Graphic characters. . 4 6 Composite graphic characters. 7 7 Vowel characters 7 8 Designation of the character set of this International Standard . .

3、 . . . . 7 9 Codetable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10 Description of the control characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 10.1 ACK ACKNOWLEDGE . 10.2 BEL BELL. 10.3 BS BACKSPACE . . . . 10.4 CAN CAN

4、CEL . 10.5 CR CARRIAGE RETURN 10.6 DC1 DEVICE CONTROL ONE 10.7 DC2 DEVICE CONTROL TWO 10.8 DC3 DEVICE CONTROL THREE 10.9 DC4 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR. 10.10 DEL DELETE 10.11 DLE DATA LINK ESCAPE. . . . . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 iii Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS un

5、der license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:12:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 9636: 1987 (E) 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 1

6、0.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 EM ENDOFMEDIUM . ENQ ENQUIRY . EOT END OF TRANSMISSION . ESC ESCAPE . ETB END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK ETX END OF TEXT. . FF FORMFEED . HT HORIZONTAL TABULATION . IS1 (US) INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE (UNIT SEPARATOR). IS2 IRS) INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO (RECORD SEPARATOR) IS3

7、(GS) INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE (GROUP SEPARATOR) . IS4 (FS) INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR (FILE SEPARATOR). LF LINEFEED NACK NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE . NUL NULL . SI SHIFT-IN SO SHIFT-OUT . SOH START OF HEADING. STX START OF TEXT . SUB SUBSTITUTE CHARACTER . SYN SYNCHRONOUS IDLE VT VERTICAL TABULATION .

8、9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 Peculiarities relating to the conventional direction of Arabic writing . . . . . 10 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Res

9、ale, 04/21/2007 09:12:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 9036 : 1967 (E) Information processing - Arabic 7-bit coded character set for information interchange 1 Scope and field of application 1.1 This International Standard specifi

10、es a set of 120 characters (control characters and graphic characters such as letters, digits and symbols) with their coded representation. These characters are mandatory and unchangeable. 1.2 This character set is primarily intended for the inter- change of information using the Arabic language amo

11、ng data processing systems and associated equipment, and within data communication systems. The need for graphic characters and control functions in data processing has also been taken into account in determining this character set. 1.3 This character set includes control characters for code extensi

12、on where its 120 characters are insufficient for particular applications. Procedures for the use of these control characters are specified in IS0 2022. 1.4 The definitions of some control characters in this Inter- national Standard assume that data associated with them are to be processed serially i

13、n a forward direction. When they are included in strings of data which are processed other than serially in a forward direction or when they are included in data formatted for fixed-record processing they may have undesirable effects or may require additional special treatment to ensure that they re

14、sult in their desired function. 2 Conformance and implementation 2.1 Conformance A coded character set is in conformance with this International Standard if it comprises the characters listed in clause 5 with the specified coded representation. Equipment claimed to implement this International Stand

15、ard shall be able to interchange information by means of this 7-bit coded character set. 2.2 Implementation The use of this character set requires definitions of its im- plementation in various media. For example, these could in- clude punched tapes, punched cards, magnetic media and transmission ch

16、annels, thus permitting interchange of data to take place either indirectly by means of an intermediate recor- ding in a physical medium, or by local connection of various units (such as input and output devices and computers) or by means of data transmission equipment. The implementation of this co

17、ded character set in physical media and for transmission, taking into account the need for er- ror checking, is the subject of other International Standards. 3 References IS0 646, Information processing - IS0 7-bit coded character set for information interchange. IS0 2022, Information processing - I

18、S0 7-bit and B-bit coded character sets - Code extension techniques. Arab Standard ASMO 449. International Register of Coded Character Sets to Be Used with Escape Sequences. 4 Definitions For the purpose of this International Standard the following definitions apply. 4.1 bit combination : An ordered

19、 set of bits that represents a character or is used as part of the representation of a character. 4.2 character: A member of a set of elements used for the organization, control or representation of data. 4.3 coded character set; code: A set of unambiguous rules that establishes a character set and

20、the one-to-one relationship between the characters of the set and their bit combinations. 4.4 code extension: The techniques for the encoding of characters that are not included in the character set of a given code. 4.6 code table: A table showing the character allocated to each bit combination in a

21、 code. 4.6 control character: A control function the coded representation of which consists of a single bit combination. 4.7 control function: An action that affects the recording, pro- cessing, transmission or interpretation of data and that has a coded representation consisting of one or more bit

22、combinations. 1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:12:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 9038: 1987 (E) 4.8 graphic

23、character: A character, other than a control function, that has a visual representation normally handwritten, printed or displayed. 4.9 graphic symbol: A visual representation of a graphic character or of a control function. 4.10 position: That part of a code table identified by its column and row c

24、o-ordinates. 5 Specification of the coded character set The bits of the bit combinations of the 7-bit code are identified by b7, bs, ba, b, bs, b2 and bf, where b7 is the highest-order or most-significant bit and b, is the lowest-order, or least- significant bit. The bit combinations may be interpre

25、ted to represent integers in the range 0 to 127 in binary notation by attributing the follow- ing weights to the individual bits: Bit: b be b, b, “3 b “1 Weight: 1 64 1 32 1 16 1 8 1 4 1 2 1 1 In this International Standard, the bit combinations are iden- tified by notation of the form x/y, where x

26、is a number in the range 0 to 7 and y is a number in the range 0 to 15. The cor- respondence between the notations of the form x/y and the bit combinations consisting of the bits b7 to b, is as follows: - x is the number represented by b, bs and b5 where these bits are given the weights 4, 2 and 1 r

27、espectively; - y is the number represented by b, bs, b2 and b, where these bits are given the weights 8, 4, 2 and 1 respectively. The notations of the form x/y are the same as those used to identify code table positions, where x is the column number and y the row number (see clause 7). The 128 bit c

28、ombinations of the 7-bit code represent control characters and graphic characters. The allocation of characters to bit combinations is based on the following principles: - the bit combinations O/O to l/l5 represent 32 control characters; - the bit combination 2/O represents the character SPACE, whic

29、h is interpreted both as a control character and as a graphic character; - the bit combinations 2/l to 7/14 represent 86 graphic characters; eight of these bit combinations shall not be used; - the bit combination 7/15 represents the control character DELETE. The allocation of individual characters

30、to the bit combinations of the 7-bit code is specified in clause 5. This International Standard assigns at least one name to each character. In addition, it specifies an acronym for each control character and for the character SPACE, and a graphic symbol for each graphic character. By convention, on

31、ly capital letters, apostrophes and hyphens are used for writing the names of the characters. For acronyms only capital letters and digits are used. It is intended that the acronyms and this convention be retained in all translations of the text. The names chosen to denote graphic characters are int

32、ended to reflect their customary meaning. However, this lnterntional Standard does not define and does not restrict the meanings of graphic characters. Neither does it specify a particular style or font design for the graphic symbols representing the characters when they are imaged. 5.1 Control char

33、acters The control characters of the 7-bit coded character set are classified in the following categories: a) Transmission control characters Transmission control characters are intended to control or facilitate transmission of information over telecommunica- tion networks. Procedures for the use of

34、 the transmission control characters on telecommunication networks are the subject of other International Standards. b) Format effecters Format effecters are mainly intended for the control of the layout and positioning of information on character-imaging devices such as printing and display devices

35、. cl Code extension control characters Code extension control characters are used to extend the character set of the code. They may alter the meaning of one or more bit combinations that follow them in the data stream. Procedures for the use of the code extension con- trol characters are specified i

36、n IS0 2022. d) Device control characters Device control characters are intended for the control of local or remote devices or ancillary devices connected to a data processing or data communication system. These con- trol characters are not intended to control data communica- tion systems; this shoul

37、d be achieved by the use of transmission control characters. e) Information separators Information separators are used to separate and qualify data logically. There are four such characters. They may be used either in hierarchical order or non-hierarchically; in the latter case, their specific meani

38、ngs depend on the application. f) Other control characters These are the control characters that fall outside the preceding categories. The composition of each category, and the allocation of the in- dividual control characters in each category to bit combinations of the 7-bit code are specified in

39、5.1.1 to 5.1.6; each of these sub- clauses contains a table consisting of three columns. The first column specifies the acronym of each control character, the 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545

40、001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:12:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 9036: 1987 (El second column specifies the standard name of the control character and the third column specifies the bit combination representing the control character concerned. Det

41、ailed functional descriptions of all control characters are given in clause 10. 5.1.1 Transmission control characters The transmission control characters and their coded represen- tations are specified in table 1. Table 1 - Transmission control characters - Acronym Name SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK DLE N

42、AK SYN ETB START OF HEADING START OF TEXT END OF TEXT END OF TRANSMISSION ENQUIRY ACKNOWLEDGE DATA LINK ESCAPE NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE SYNCHRONOUS IDLE END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK Coded representation Coded ,epresentation O/l Of2 o/3 o/4 O/5 O/6 l/O l/5 l/6 I/J 5.1.2 Format effecters The format effecters

43、 and their coded representations are specified in table 2. Table 2 - Format effecters - Coded representation Acronym Name Coded representation BS BACKSPACE O/8 HT HORIZONTAL TABULATION o/9 LF LINE FEED o/10 VT VERTICAL TABULATION o/11 FF FORM FEED o/12 CR CARRIAGE RETURN o/13 5.1.2.1 Concepts The de

44、finitions of the format effecters use the following con- cepts: a) A page is composed of a number of lines, each being composed of a number of character positions. b) Each character position is capable of imaging SPACE or a graphic symbol. c) The graphic symbol imaged at a character position represe

45、nts a graphic character, a control function, or a com- bination of one or more graphic characters and/or control functions. d) The active position is the character position at which the action required by the next character in the data stream is to be effected. If the next character is a graphic cha

46、racter, its graphic symbol is imaged at that position; if it is a control character, the corresponding function is performed relative to that position. e) Movements of the active position are effected as follows : 1) The active position is advanced one character posi- tion immediately after imaging

47、a SPACE or a graphic symbol, and upon the execution of the function cor- responding to a control character for which a graphic symbol is required to be imaged. 2) The active position is moved to a specified character position upon the execution of the function correspond- ing to a control character

48、that is defined to cause a movement of the active position (i.e. a format effector). f) The active position is not moved upon execution of the function corresponding to a control character that is neither required to be imaged by a graphic symbol nor defined to cause a movement of the active positio

49、n. g) The effect of an attempt to move the active position beyond the boundaries of a line or a page is not defined by this International Standard. 5.1.2.2 Combined horizontal and vertical movements of the active position The format effecters are defined for applications in which horizontal and vertical movements of the active position are ef- fected separately. If a single control character is required to ef-