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1、A Reference number ISO 6394:1998(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6394 Second edition 1998-11-15 Acoustics Measurement at the operators position of noise emitted by earth-moving machinery Stationary test conditions Acoustique Mesurage du bruit mis par les engins de terrassement au poste de conduite Con
2、ditions dessai statiques Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 20:27:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 6394:1998(E) ISO 1
3、998 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization
4、 Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland Internetisoiso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried ou
5、t through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO co
6、llaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees
7、are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 6394 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise, in collaboration with I
8、SO/TC 127, Earth moving machinery. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6394:1985), which has been technically revised. Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wit
9、h ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 20:27:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISOISO 6394:1998(E) iii Introduction This International Standard is a special test code for specific types of earth-moving machinery. It
10、is an extension of ISO 11201 which contains the general requirements for many types of machinery and equipment. Specific procedures are described in this special test code to enable the sound pressure level at the operators position, with the machine stationary, to be determined in a manner which is
11、 repeatable. Attachments (bucket, dozer, etc.) for the manufacturers production version are to be fitted, since this is the configuration most likely to exist when the machine is in actual use. This International Standard enables compliance with noise limits to be determined. It can also be used for
12、 evaluation purposes in noise reduction investigations. An additional special test code is given in ISO 6393. This other special test code is intended to be used to determine the exterior noise emitted by earth-moving machinery while the machine is stationary, in terms of the A-weighted sound pressu
13、re level. Corresponding measurements of exterior noise and noise at the operators position under dynamic test conditions are described in ISO 6395 and ISO 6396, respectively. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Stand
14、ards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 20:27:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 20
15、:27:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOISO 6394:1998(E) 1 Acoustics Measurement at the operators position of noise emitted by earth-moving machinery Stationary test conditions 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method f
16、or determining the noise emitted by earth-moving machinery, measured at the operators position, in terms of the time-averaged A-weighted sound pressure level while the machine is stationary with the engine operating at rated speed under no-load conditions. This International Standard is applicable t
17、o the following specific types of earth-moving machinery: excavators (hydraulic or rope-operated); crawler and wheel tractor-dozers; crawler and wheel loaders; and backhoe loaders (also known as excavator loaders). 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, th
18、rough reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibili
19、ty of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3411, Earth-moving machinery Human p
20、hysical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope. ISO 6393, Acoustics Measurement of exterior noise emitted by earth-moving machinery Stationary test conditions. ISO 9249, Earth-moving machinery Engine test code Net power. ISO 11201, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipm
21、ent Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane. IEC 60651, Sound level meters.1) IEC 60804, Integrating-averaging sound level meters.1) 1) IEC 60651 and IEC 60804 will be rep
22、laced by IEC 61672. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 20:27:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 6394:1998(E) ISO 2 3 Te
23、rms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11201 and the following apply. For the convenience of users of this International Standard, some definitions are quoted from ISO 6165:1997. 3.1 time-averaged A-weighted sound pressure level, L
24、pAeq,T A-weighted sound pressure level averaged on an energy basis over the whole measurement period, T 3.2 excavator self-propelled machine on crawler, wheels or legs, having an upper structure normally capable of a 360 swing with mounted equipment, primarily designed for excavating with a bucket,
25、without moving the undercarriage during the work cycle NOTE An excavator work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging material. ISO 6165:1997 See Figure 1. Figure 1 Excavator 3.3 tractor-dozer self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine with equipment having either a d
26、ozing attachment which cuts, moves and grades material through forward motion of the machine, or a mounted attachment used to exert a push or a pull force ISO 6165:1997 See Figure 2. Figure 2 Tractor-dozer Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with IS
27、O Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 20:27:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISOISO 6394:1998(E) 3 3.4 loader self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine, having front-mounted equipment primarily designed for loading ope
28、ration (bucket use), which loads or excavates through forward motion of the machine NOTE A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material. ISO 6165:1997 See Figure 3. Figure 3 Loader 3.5 backhoe loader self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine, having
29、a main frame designed to carry both front-mounted equipment and rear-mounted backhoe equipment (normally with outriggers); when used in the backhoe mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level; when used in the loader mode (bucket use), the machine loads through forward motio
30、n NOTE A backhoe work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging material. A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material. ISO 6165:1997 See Figure 4. Figure 4 Backhoe loader 4 Instrumentation The instrumentation shall b
31、e capable of carrying out measurements as described in 8.1. The preferred instrumentation system for acquiring the data is an integrating-averaging sound level meter complying with the Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Techn
32、ical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 20:27:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 6394:1998(E) ISO 4 requirements of IEC 60804 for a class 1 instrument. Alternative instrumentation, including the microphone and cable, shall meet the require
33、ments of IEC 60651 for a class 1 instrument. NOTE The sensitivity to environmental conditions is especially relevant for this type of measurement. It is recommended to ask the manufacturer for evidence that related tests according to IEC 60651 were carried out with a positive result. 5 Test environm
34、ent For the purposes of this International Standard, the test environment specified in ISO 6393 applies. 6 Measurement of time-averaged A-weighted sound pressure levels 6.1 Operator 6.1.1 Operator presence The operator shall be in the driving position and observers shall not be in close proximity or
35、 in the cab during measurements. The operator shall neither wear abnormally sound-absorptive clothing nor any hat or scarf (other than a protective helmet used for safety reasons, or a helmet or frame used to support a microphone) which might influence the noise measurements. 6.1.2 Operator stature
36、The operator shall have a sitting height between 800 mm (small operator) and 960 mm (large operator) measured from the sitting surface to the top of the head, as specified in ISO 3411. 6.2 Seat adjustment The seat shall be set at, or as near as possible to, the midpoint of its horizontal and vertica
37、l adjustment. Any seat suspension shall be depressed until the seat reaches the midpoint of its dynamic range. 6.3 Microphone 6.3.1 Microphone orientation The microphone shall be oriented horizontally with its reference direction, as specified by the microphone manufacturer, pointing in the directio
38、n in which a person occupying the operators seat would normally look. 6.3.2 Microphone position The microphone shall be located 200 mm 20 mm from the median plane of the head and in line with the eyes and to the side of the head where the time-averaged A-weighted sound pressure level is highest. 6.3
39、.3 Microphone mounting The microphone can conveniently be mounted on a frame or on the helmet, or on a shoulder harness worn by the operator. 6.3.4 Microphone vibration precautions Care shall be taken to isolate the microphone from vibrations which could affect the measurements. If the microphone is
40、 moved during the measurements, care shall be exercised to avoid introducing acoustical noise (for example, noise due to the microphone rubbing against the operators clothing) or electrical noise (for example, due to a flexing cable) that could interfere with the measurements. Copyright Internationa
41、l Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 20:27:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISOISO 6394:1998(E) 5 6.3.5 Precautions against microphone reflected
42、noise 6.3.5.1 Care shall be taken to minimize the effect of reflected noise which could affect microphone measurements. Although not a mandatory requirement, the recommendations given in 6.3.5.2 and 6.3.5.3 will minimize the effect of reflected noise. 6.3.5.2 After determining the microphone locatio
43、n, maintain a positional tolerance of 50 mm from this location in any direction during the test. 6.3.5.3 Place the microphone a minimum of 100 mm from the side of the head and a minimum of 50 mm above the clothing on the shoulder during the test. 6.4 Positioning of the machine The machine shall be p
44、ositioned at the centre of the test site surface. 6.5 Measurement time The total measurement time for each reading in a stabilized operating mode shall be in the range of 15 s to 30 s. 7 Setting-up and operation of machinery, and setting-up of operators position (see annex A) 7.1 Machine operating s
45、equence The engine shall be brought first to a low idle condition and then up to the manufacturers specified rated speed at a stabilized no-load condition prior to each data-taking sequence. 7.2 Setting-up of operators position when the machine is equipped with a cab 7.2.1 Cab with air-conditioning
46、and/or ventilating system(s) Measurements shall be taken with the doors and windows closed and the air-conditioning and/or ventilating system(s) operating at midrange speed if more than two operating speeds are available. If only two operating speeds are available, then the highest speed shall be us
47、ed. If the air-conditioning and/or ventilating systems have a recirculate and outside air position control, the control shall be set for outside air. 7.2.2 Cab with no air-conditioning or ventilating system(s) Measurements shall be taken with the doors and windows closed and repeated with the doors
48、and windows open. The higher measurement result from the two sets of data obtained shall be used as the reported value. 8 Acoustic measurements 8.1 Quantities to be measured The time-averaged A-weighted sound pressure level, LpAeq,T, in decibels, is determined either by using equation (1) or by using a digital integration equation (2). L T pt p t pT T Aeq, A lg ( ) d= 10 1 2 0 2 0 dB. . . (1) where Tis the measurement period, i.e