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1、 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 14143-4:2002(E) ISO/IEC 2002 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 14143-4 First edition 2002-08-15 Information technology Software measurement Functional size measurement Part 4: Reference model Technologies de linformation Mesurage du logiciel Mesurage de la taille fonctionnelle
2、 Partie 4: Modle de rfrence Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 00:04:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14
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6、 below. ISO/IEC 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs memb
7、er body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2002 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provi
8、ded by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 00:04:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14143-4:2002(E) ISO/IEC 2002 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1. SCOPE 1 2. NORMATIVE R
9、EFERENCES 1 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 2 4. ABBREVIATED TERMS 3 5. REFERENCE USER REQUIREMENTS. 3 5.1. General requirements.3 5.2. Examples5 6. REFERENCE FSM METHOD 6 6.1. General requirements.6 6.2. Example Use of Reference FSM Methods.6 ANNEX A: BUSINESS APPLICATION RUR (NORMATIVE) . 7 A.1 RUR A1: H
10、otel Accommodation System (Reservation)7 A.2 RUR A2: Hotel Accommodation System (Reservations) - Initial Requirement17 A.3 RUR A3: Hotel Accommodation System (Reservations) Mock-up19 A.4 RUR A4: Adding automatic name look-up to Hotel Reservation System19 A.5 RUR A5: Adding automatic name look-up to
11、Hotel Reservation System19 A.6 RUR A6: Adding automatic name look-up to Hotel Reservation System20 A.7 RUR A7: TRAX Transaction Reporting.20 A.8 RUR A8: Requirements Paris Bourse Netting38 ANNEX B: REAL TIME / CONTROL RUR (NORMATIVE) 46 B.1 RUR B1 : Basic Subtraction.46 B.2 RUR B2: Significantly lar
12、ger function46 B.3 RUR B3: Slightly larger function.46 B.4 RUR B4: User requirement of a single display field 47 B.5 RUR B5: User requirement for error messages47 B.6 RUR B6: User requirement of user maintained error messages47 B.7 RUR B7: User requirement of an internal function.47 B.8 RUR B8: Auto
13、matic line switching48 B.9 RUR B9: Valve Control System.50 B.10 RUR B10: Gateway System52 B.11 RUR B11: L-Euchre card game (minimal implementation)78 B.12 RUR B12: L-Euchre system (Usable system implementation)90 B.13 RUR B13: Standard Euchre system90 B.14 RUR B14: Super Euchre system90 ANNEX C: RUR
14、 REFERENCE LIST (INFORMATIVE) 91 C.1 RUR name: Sales/order system91 C.2 RUR name: Travel arrangements91 C.3 RUR name: Standing orders support91 C.4 RUR name: Production Planning and control91 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS
15、 Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 00:04:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14143-4:2002(E) iv ISO/IEC 2002 All rights reserved C.5 RUR name: Marketing Information System.92 C.6 RUR name: Business Analysis92 C.7 RU
16、R name: Accounting System.92 C.8 RUR name: Payroll.92 C.9 RUR name: Purchasing 92 C.10 RUR name: Accounts Payable .93 C.11 RUR name: Human Resources System .93 C.12 RUR name: Revised Human Resources System.93 C.13 RUR name: Traffic Control System93 C.14 RUR name: Student Selection System.93 C.15 RUR
17、 name: Stock Taking System94 C.16 RUR name: Accounts Payable System94 C.17 RUR name: Enhanced Accounts Payable System94 C.18 RUR name: Package Routing.94 C.19 RUR name: Simple Library System94 C.20 RUR name: Library System II.95 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IH
18、S under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 00:04:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14143-4:2002(E) ISO/IEC 2002 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for S
19、tandardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organ
20、ization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technolo
21、gy, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards, but in exceptional circumstances a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: type 1, wh
22、en the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Sta
23、ndard; type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind than that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they ca
24、n be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Technical Reports are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Attention
25、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 14143 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 14143-4, which is a Technical Report of type 2, was prepared by Joint Technical
26、 Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software engineering. ISO/IEC 14143 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Software measurement Functional size measurement: Part 1: Definition of concepts Part 2: Conformity evaluation of s
27、oftware size measurement methods to ISO/IEC 14143-1:1998 Part 3: Verification of functional size measurement methods Part 4: Reference model Part 5: Determination of functional domains for use with functional size measurement Annexes A and B form a normative part of this part of ISO/IEC 14143. Annex
28、 C is for information only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 00:04:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14
29、143-4:2002(E) vi ISO/IEC 2002 All rights reserved Introduction The user of an FSM Method must establish that the FSM Method is appropriate to quantify the functional size of the software. The conformity to ISO/IEC 14143-1:1998 will be necessary but may not be sufficient. An evaluation process of an
30、FSM Method will have to consider practical evidence of the performance of the FSM Method. Such an evaluation may require benchmarking the chosen FSM Method to compare its results for a collection of known Reference User Requirements (RUR) with those obtained from a Reference FSM Method. Part 4 of IS
31、O/IEC 14143 provides standard RUR together with guidance on Reference FSM Methods. Figure 0.1 shows how these are used to establish reference results. The FSM Method to be evaluated determines functional size results for a collection of appropriate RUR. The same collection of RUR is measured by one
32、or more Reference FSM Methods and these reference results are then compared with the results obtained from the FSM Method to be evaluated. FSM Method to be evaluated RUR Collection Reference FSM Method(s) measurement according to FSM Method measurement according to Reference FSM Method(s) results re
33、ference results evaluation Figure 0.1: Use of RUR and Reference FSM Methods Clause 5 of this part of ISO/IEC 14143 defines a framework for identifying, classifying and selecting RUR. Annexes A and B provide examples of such RUR in two different domains. While it would be desirable to have an exhaust
34、ive set of such RUR, the size of such collection would be prohibitive. Further RUR can be found in the RUR reference list presented in Annex C. Additional appropriate RUR may be constructed according to the basic guidelines stated in clause 5 RUR. Clause 6 of this part of ISO/IEC 14143 introduces th
35、e general requirements for Reference FSM Methods. The reference FSM Methods provide reference points, against which other FSM Methods can be compared. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie
36、Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 00:04:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 14143-4:2002(E) ISO/IEC 2002 All rights reserved 1 Information technology Software measurement Functional size measurement Part 4: Reference model 1. Scope Part 4
37、 of ISO/IEC 14143 defines the reference model (Figure 0.1) to be used when verifying a Functional Size Measurement (FSM) method. The reference model consists of two components: - a classification framework of Reference User Requirements (RUR) which can be sized using an FSM Method. Included are exam
38、ples of such RUR as well as references to further publications of User Requirements (UR) which can be used for RUR, and - guidance on selecting Reference FSM Methods, against which an FSM Method can be compared. The reference model is an input to the evaluation process of an FSM Method. The formulat
39、ion and execution of evaluation tests and the interpretation of their results is outside the scope of this Technical Report. The RUR and additional references contained in this Technical Report only represent examples of UR in some domains and situations. Additional RUR and RUR for domains and situa
40、tions not covered by Annex A, B, or C may be generated with the assistance of the framework described in this Technical Report. The requirements for Reference FSM Methods may assist in selecting Reference FSM Methods. 2. Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which
41、, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC 14143. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 14143 are encouraged to investigate the possibi
42、lity of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/IEC 14143-1:1998, Information tech
43、nology Software measurement Functional size measurement Part 1: Definition of concepts. ISO/IEC 9126:1991, Information technology Software product evaluation Quality characteristics and guidelines for their use. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license w
44、ith ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 00:04:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14143-4:2002(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2002 All rights reserved 3. Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report,
45、 the terms and definitions given in the normative references and the following apply. Figure 3.1 describes the composition of User Requirements, RUR, and RUR Collection. 3.1 Functional User Requirements (FUR) A sub-set of the User Requirements. The Functional User Requirements represent the users pr
46、actices and procedures that the software must perform to fulfil the users needs. They exclude Quality Requirements and any Technical Requirements. NOTE As defined by ISO/IEC 14143-1:1998. 3.2 Quality Requirements (QR) Any requirements relating to software quality as defined in ISO/IEC 9126. NOTE As
47、defined by ISO/IEC 14143-1:1998. Quality Requirements are a subset of the User Requirements. 3.3 Reference FSM Method An FSM Method to be used for comparison reasons when verifying the Functional Size Measurement results. It conforms to the requirements as specified in 6.1. 3.4 Reference User Requir
48、ements (RUR) A standard set of User Requirements which conforms to the requirements as specified in 5.1.1. NOTE Figure 3.1 shows the relationship of UR and RUR. 3.5 Reference User Requirement Collection (RUR Collection) A subset of RUR which is selected to match the purpose in a specific evaluation. The selection requirements are specified in 5.1.2. NOTE Figure 3.1 shows the relationship of RUR and RUR Collection. 3.6 Technical Requirements (TR) Requirements relating to the tech