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1、GUIDE 37 Instructions for use of products of consumer interest Second edition 1995 Corrected and reprinted 1995 lSO/lEC GUIDE 37:1995(E) Contents 8 9 10 11 Scope . References . General principles . . . Clauses in standards Location and nature . Availability of information at the point of sale Advice
2、 for the design and formulation of instructions for use . 7.1 General 7.2 Legibility . 7.3 Colour 7.4 Communication principles . 7.5 Wording and use of technical terms 7.6 Language(s) . 7.7 Illustrations 7.8 Graphical symbols . 7.9 Tables 7.10 Flow-charts 7.11 Table of contents / Index . 7.12 Fault
3、diagnosis / Trouble-shooting / Repair Warning notices . Standardized phrases and signs . Visible and audible signals Durability of instructions for use Annex A Assessment of instructions for use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 lSO/IEC 1995 Page 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
4、 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 8 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronrc or mechanical, rncluding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. lSO/IEC Copyright Office
5、l Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii lSO/IEC ISO/IEC GUIDE 37:1995(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form a specialized system for worldwide standardization. National b
6、odies that are members of IS0 or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. IS0 and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Othe
7、r international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS0 and IEC, also take part in the work. lSO/IEC Guide 37 has been drawn up by the IS0 Committee on Consumer Policy (COPOLCO). The document was approved by IEC national commit- tees and IS0 member bodies. This second e
8、dition cancels and replaces the first edition (lSO/IEC Guide 37:1983). Annex A of this Guide is for information only. . . . III -,-,- lSO/IEC GUIDE 37:1995(E) lSO/IEC Introduction 0.1 Instructions for use are the means of conveying information to the user on how to use the product in a correct and s
9、afe manner. As means of communication, texts, words, signs, symbols, diagrams, illustrations and audible or visible information are used, separately or in combination. They may be on the product itself or its packaging or in accompanying materials, for example, leaflets, manuals, audio and video tap
10、es, and computerized information. 0.2 A general guide cannot provide comprehensive information covering each case. This Guide, therefore, offers guidance to all interested parties in the form of general principles and detailed recommendations on the design and formulation of all types of instruction
11、s necessary or helpful to the final user of consumer products. Practical recommendations for the assess- ment of such instructions are included in an informative annex. 0.3 This Guide may be used in conjunction with the requirements of specific product standards, or where no such standards exist, wi
12、th the relevant requirements of standards for similar products. IV -,-,- lSO/IEC ISO/IEC GUIDE 37:1995(E) Instructions for use of products of consumer interest 1 scope 1.1 This Guide establishes the principles and gives recommendations on the design and formulation of instructions for use of product
13、s of consumer interest. It is intended for - product designers, manufacturers, technical writers or other people engaged in the work of conceiving and drafting such instructions; - committees preparing standards for consumer products. 1.2 The principles and detailed recommendations in this Guide sho
14、uld apply in combination with the specific requirements on instructions for use laid down in standards for specific products or groups of products. 1.3 Assessment of the quality of instructions for use should follow common criteria. This Guide therefore has an informative annex (annex A) containing
15、some practical recommendations and a proposed method- ology for assessment. The annex is addressed primarily to researchers and experts engaged in such assessment work; it may also be helpful to the Guides principal target groups named in 1 .I. 2 References IS0 3864: 1984, Safety co/ours and safety
16、signs. IS0 7000: 1989, Graphical symbols for use on equip- ment - Index and synopsis. IS0 7001 :I990 and Amendment 1:1993, Pub/it in- formation symbols. IS0 11683: 1993, Packaging - Tactile danger warn- ings - Requirements. I EC 417: 1973 (and supplements), Graphical symbols for use on equipment - I
17、ndex, survey and compi- lation of the single sheets. lSO/IEC Directives, part 2:1992, Methodology for the development of International Standards. lSO/IEC Guide 14:1977, Product information for con- sumers. lSO/IEC Guide 50:1987, Child safety and standards - General guidelines. lSO/IEC Guide 51 :I 99
18、0, Guidelines for the inclusion of safety aspects in standards. lSO/IEC Guide 52:1990, Glossary of fire terms and definitions. 3 General principles 3.1 Instructions for use are an integral part of the delivery of the product. They should also reduce the risk of damage to the product and consequent m
19、al- function or inefficient operation. 3.2 Instructions for use should allow and promote correct use of a product and should directly help to avoid misuse which may lead to hazards. Instructions for use cannot and should not compensate for design def icienciesl). 3.3 Instructions for use should a) c
20、learly identify the product; b) recognize the type of user, and his/her capa- bilities; cl define, if necessary, the intended use of the product*); d) contain all information required for correct and safe use of the product and/or for service and maintenance. 1) For general principles of preferences
21、 of risk reduction, see ISO/lEC Guide 51 :I 990, clause 5. 2) For definitions of “intended use” and “reasonably foreseeable misuse”, see lSO/IEC Guide 51:1990, 3.7 and 3.8. 1 lSO/IEC GUIDE 37:1995(E) lSO/lEC 3.4 Instructions for use should cover reasonably foreseeable misuse of the product, and adeq
22、uate warning should be given (see lSO/lEC Guide 51:1990, 6.4.4). In most countries the manufacturer/producer has a legal obligation to include such warnings. 3.5 Instructions for use should cover information, separately or in combination, as far as it is relevant, on a) function and operation; b) tr
23、ansport, assembly, installation; d cleaning, maintenance, fault diagnosis, repair; d) destruction/disposal of the product and/or any waste materials with due regard to safety and environmental considerations. 3.6 Instructions for use should convey important messages to the user about aspects of use
24、related to - the environment (for example, appropriate dosage of detergent for a washing machine, destruction/disposal of waste, recycling); - conservation of energy and other resources. 3.7 Attention should be drawn to the need for special protective measures, such as adult supervision or the weari
25、ng of special clothing, needed to protect users and bystanders. Dangers to particular groups such as children (see lSO/IEC Guide 50:1987), elderly people and disabled people should be borne in mind. 3.8 If some of the instructions are directed only to a specific group of users (for example for insta
26、llation, repair or certain kinds of maintenance), those instructions should be given separately and be adequately marked. In some cases they need not accompany the product (see also 7.12). 3.9 For products which have a limited safe or effective life, clear information should be provided on the year
27、of manufacture and/or on the date of expiry. 3.10 The date of publication of the instructions for use should be given. 3.11 Instructions for use should be consistent with all other material about the same product issued by the manufacturer/producer such as advertising or packaging. 4 Clauses in stan
28、dards 4.1 Standards for products of consumer interest should specify, for instance in the form of a minimum list, the matters which need to be covered in the instructions for use. This should be a separate section of the product standard, normally entitled “Instructions for use, including installati
29、on and maintenance” (for safety standards see lSO/IEC Guide 51 :I 990, 6.4.6). 4.2 Where specific procedures are necessary for safe use, operation, assembly, disassembly, cleaning or maintenance of the product, or similarly for its destruction/disposal, or disposal of waste materials, they should be
30、 specified in the product standard (see lSO/IEC Directives, Part 2:1992, subclause 8.3). 4.3 Where instructions for use are to be given on the product itself, they should be specified in the section dealing with marking and labelling (see lSO/IEC Guide 51:1990, clause 5; lSO/IEC Directives, Part 2:1
31、992, subclause 8.2; and clauses 8 and 9 below). 5 Location and nature 5.1 Depe elements: nding on one or more of the following - the risks (see lSO/lEC Guide 51:1990, 3.2); - environmental or similar requirements; - the product design; - when the information is needed by the user, it should be decid
32、ed whether the instructions for use - or parts of them, and if so which parts - are to be given in one or more of the following ways: - on the product; - on the packaging; - in accompanying material. In addition, it shou Id be deci ded w communication shou Id be used i n each rhat case means (see 0.
33、 of 1) . NOTE 1 Placing of instructions on the product itself has clear advantages in convenience for the user. But for some products, because of their small size or their shape, or the fact that they are partially obscured from view during use, placing some or all of the instructions on packaging o
34、r in accompanying materials may be the best or only solution. 5.2 Where instructions for use are complex, it may be helpful if certain important messages are given or displayed on the product by means of short reference or reminder cards, stickers or labels (see clause 11). 2 lSO/IEC ISO/IEC GUIDE 3
35、7:1995(E) 5.3 Where safety depends to a considerable degree upon correct installation, use, maintenance, destruc- tion or disposal, and correct methods are not self- evident from the product, the product safety standard should specify, as a minimum, a cautionary marking to draw the users attention t
36、o the relevant part(s) of the instructions. should be as clear and as large as practicable to ensure legibility. 7.2.1.1 The x-height (height of the lower case characters) of the type face should always be I,5 mm or larger: 6 Availability of information at the point of sale If instructions for use a
37、re necessary to make a reasoned purchasing decision amongst products, these instructions or the relevant parts of them should be readily available at the point of sale. NOTE 2 Product information systems as described in ISO/IEC Guide 14 are the recommended means of provid- ing, at the point of sale,
38、 all the information necessary for a reasoned purchasing decision. This should include matters mentioned in this Guide, such as the need for protective clothing (see 3.9) and a warning to parents on restrictions to use by children (see 8.5). 7 Advice for the design and formulation of instructions fo
39、r use 7.1 General 7.1.1 Instructions for use should clearly identify the product, stating for example the model, version or type to which they apply. It should be impossible for product modifications or differences (however small) between models or between subgroups within the same model, to lead to
40、 a mismatch between the instructions in the hands of the user and the actual product in use (see 3.10). 7.12 The user of a particular model should preferably be provided with information referring only to that model. However, if instructions for two or more models are identical, a single set of inst
41、ructions is acceptable. 7.1.3 Instructions concerning optional modules or extras should be kept clearly separated from general instructions and from instructions for other modules or extras (for example, by the use of separate clauses, headings, etc.), so that users are not confused by irrelevant ma
42、terial. 7.2 Legibility 7.21 Type and size of on-product information, of printed material and of computerized information E cn rt .- r” ,: NOTES 3 In the so-called typographic point systems (Didot and Pica) the corresponding size would be approximately 4 points I point =: 0,4 mm (Didot: 0,376 mm; Pic
43、a: 0,351 mm). 4 For alphabets other than roman, the selection of lettering type and size should meet the same degree of legibility as that indicated above. 7.2.1.2 For continuous text in printed instructions for use (for example, leaflets, manuals) type between 3,2 mm and 5,6 mm (8 points and 14 poi
44、nts) should be used. 7.2.1.3 For headings in printed leaflets, manuals, etc., for on-product instructions, or for other short messages which the user needs to consult often, the type size should be about 4 mm or even larger (at the top of the 10 point to 14 point scale), depending on the reading dis
45、tance. 7.2.1.4 The location of on-product instructions and the angle between their surface and the vertical plane should be such that they can be easily read and understood by users from their position(s) during use of the product. 7.2.1.5 National standards may contain detailed information on more
46、parameters relating to legibility, and especially on the relation between type size and reading distance. 7.2.2 Brightness contrast - the difference between the percentage of light reflected from the background and the percentage of light reflected from the print - should be as great as possible. NO
47、TES 5 The contrast should normally be at least 70 %. Good quality black print on white paper provides a contrast of about 80 %. 3 -,-,- ISO/lEC GUIDE 37:1995(E) 0 lSO/IEC 6 Brightness contrast can be reduced and legibility impaired by printing on both sides of insufficiently opaque process. Particul
48、arly useful means of promoting this process include illustrations, tables and flow-charts paper. (see 7.7, 7.9 and 7.10). Subject to the above parameters, minimum type sizes and minimum requirements on brightness contrast should be specified in product standards. 7.2.3 Safety related instructions fo
49、r use in leaflets and manuals should have a different type face, or type size, or other means of making them conspicuous. In cases of doubt whether particular instructions are related primarily to safety or to fitness for purpose, considerations dealing with safety should be given precedence. 7.4.3 Instructions for use of a product intended to perform several different and independent functions should start with the basic or normal functi