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1、 Reference number ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 13570-1 First edition 2005-04-15 Wheelchairs Part 1: Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on wheelchairs Fauteuils roulants Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour lapplication de la srie ISO 7176 aux fauteuils roul
2、ants Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:47:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) PDF disclaime
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5、le; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights
6、 reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the r
7、equester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with I
8、SO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:47:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv 1 Scope1 2 How to use this Technical Report .2 3 Stan
9、dardized testing and information disclosure .2 3.1 General.2 3.2 Background on tests and standards.2 3.3 Standards increase your buying power2 3.4 More about International Standards .3 3.5 How chairs are tested.5 3.6 How information is disclosed5 4 General considerations6 4.1 Manual versus powered w
10、heelchairs6 4.2 Rigid versus folding manual wheelchairs8 4.3 Direct-drive versus belt-drive powered wheelchairs.8 4.4 Cost 9 5 Incorporating personal body characteristics.10 5.1 Body size10 5.2 Seating .11 5.3 Joint flexibility.19 5.4 Propulsion skill .21 6 Manual wheelchairs 23 6.1 Performance 23 6
11、.2 Safety31 6.3 Dimensions36 7 Powered wheelchairs39 7.1 Performance 39 7.2 Safety49 7.3 Dimensions60 Annex A (informative) Additional information not required for disclosure in the manufacturers technical product literature65 Bibliography .68 Copyright International Organization for Standardization
12、 Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:47:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organizati
13、on for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established ha
14、s the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Inte
15、rnational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publica
16、tion as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for exampl
17、e), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibili
18、ty that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 13570-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelc
19、hairs. This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO/TR 13570:2001, of which it constitutes a minor revision. This part of ISO/TR 13570 is based on the book, A Guide to Wheelchair Selection: How to Use the ANSI/RESNA Wheelchair Standards to Buy a Wheelchair, written by Peter Axels
20、on, Jean Minkel and Denise Chesney, published in 1994 by the Paralyzed Veterans of America, Washington, DC, USA. ISO/TR 13570 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs: Part 1: Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on wheelchairs The following part is under
21、 preparation: Part 2: Typical values and recommended limits or dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space as determined in ISO 7176-5 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04
22、/2007 21:47:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Wheelchairs Part 1: Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on wheelchairs 1 Scope The purpose of this part of ISO/TR 13570 is
23、 to explain how you can use the International Standards on wheelchairs to select your next wheelchair. The actual standards are very technical and, at first glance, you may not understand how this information will help you select a wheelchair or scooter. This part of ISO/TR 13570 is meant to help yo
24、u understand the purpose for and content of International Standards on wheelchairs. This part of ISO/TR 13570 is divided into six clauses. a) How to use this Technical Report. b) Standardized testing and information disclosure: Provides background information on standardized testing of wheelchairs.
25、Discusses how chairs are tested and how information is disclosed. c) General considerations: Discusses general considerations related to choosing a powered or manual wheelchair. d) Incorporating personal body characteristics: Relates your physical characteristics to the fit of a chair, either manual
26、 or powered. e) Manual wheelchairs: Discusses manual wheelchair test procedures. f) Powered wheelchairs: Discusses powered wheelchair test procedures; focuses on three- and four- wheeled scooters as well as full-sized powered wheelchairs. In the manual and powered wheelchair sections, the test proce
27、dures are grouped into three categories: performance, safety, and dimensions. For each test procedure, this part of ISO/TR 13570 includes reasons why you might need this information, a brief description of the standardized test procedure, how the results of the test will be disclosed in the manufact
28、urers technical product literature, and how to interpret the results of the test for your own situation. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:47:12 MDTNo repr
29、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 2 How to use this Technical Report If you are an experienced rider, you may know which elements of performance, safety and dimension are important to you. If not, or if you are a nov
30、ice, we highly recommend that you involve other knowledgeable people in selecting your wheelchair. Many rehabilitation specialists have the expertise and training in using these standards and can help you select an appropriate wheelchair. An excellent approach to the wheelchair selection process is
31、to set priorities based on your mobility and seating needs. Setting priorities will help you identify the features that are most important to you and those on which you are willing to compromise. For example, if you live in a small apartment and need to fit your wheelchair into the boot (trunk) of y
32、our car, you will probably want to look specifically at the overall dimensions, foldability, and weight of the wheelchair. On the other hand, if you use a van and have an accessible apartment or home, you may not need a folding wheelchair. This part of ISO/TR 13570 will help you understand the test
33、results that pertain to the factors most important to you. Armed with this information, you will be able to accurately compare products and make an informed purchasing decision. 3 Standardized testing and information disclosure 3.1 General Purchasing a wheelchair can be a harrowing experience and fi
34、nding the right chair among so many choices might seem impossible. Comparing wheelchair characteristics and performance has been difficult in the past because manufacturers used different standards and procedures to measure and test their chairs. For example, one manufacturer measured seat width fro
35、m the outside of the seat rails, another measured from inside the rails, and a third measured the distance between the armrest panels. Thus, if you requested a chair with a seat width of 18 inches, the actual distance from the outside of the seat rails could be anywhere from 17 inches to 19 inches.
36、This inconsistency, as well as a general concern for user safety, led to the development of standardized wheelchair measurements and test procedures. The results of these procedures will provide you with the information you need for true comparison shopping. 3.2 Background on tests and standards The
37、 ISO Technical Committee on wheelchairs has been working to provide consumers with objective information about the characteristics and performance of wheelchairs. The committee includes rehabilitation engineers, wheelchair manufacturers, agency representatives, wheelchair users, and wheelchair presc
38、ribers. The standards developed by the committee consist of a number of test procedures that apply to all wheelchairs and some that apply only to powered wheelchairs, including scooters. The test procedures are detailed instructions on how to perform the tests or measurements on wheelchairs. Some of
39、 the test procedures suggest minimum performance criteria for durability and safety, while others disclose the results of the tests for comparison purposes. The information obtained from the tests is designed to help you make better-educated selections. See Figure 1. The standardized test procedures
40、 also allow you to compare the test results of wheelchairs from different manufacturers. Since many of the test procedures set minimum performance levels, they also help manufacturers produce better products. 3.3 Standards increase your buying power The standards are voluntary: manufacturers are not
41、 required by law to use the test procedures. However, if consumers start using the results as a basis for wheelchair selection, the manufacturers who do not use the standards may lose sales. The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the single largest purchaser of wheelchairs in the United States,
42、 is adopting the standards for future wheelchair purchasing. Marketplace pressure will most likely encourage overall compliance with the standards. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not
43、 for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:47:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 Figure 1 Finding the right chair among so many choices might seem impossible 3.4 More about International Standards To gain the maximum ben
44、efit from the standardized testing, both consumers and professionals must understand how to use the information. The following is a list of the test standards, listed by their ISO number designation, that apply to all wheelchairs, with a brief description of the test procedure. ISO 6440:1985, Wheelc
45、hairs Nomenclature, terms and definitions. This International Standard establishes the terms and definitions used in the test procedures. ISO 7193:1985, Wheelchairs Maximum overall dimensions. This International Standard establishes suggested maximum dimensions of a chair for other organizations to
46、use as guidelines for architectural accessibility. ISO 7176-1:1999, Wheelchairs Part 1: Determination of static stability. This test determines how stable the wheelchair is when it is resting on a sloped surface. ISO 7176-3:2003, Wheelchairs Part 3: Determination of efficiency of brakes. This test d
47、etermines how well the wheel locks (parking brakes) prevent the wheelchair from rolling on a sloped surface. This test also determines the minimum stopping distance of a powered wheelchair at its maximum speed. ISO 7176-5:1986, Wheelchairs Part 5: Determination of overall dimensions, mass and turnin
48、g space. This part addresses the overall length, width, height, folded width, mass and turnaround space of the chair. ISO 7176-7:1998, Wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions. This part addresses the dimensional information needed to fit a chair to a rider. Standard methods of measurement eliminate the problems that result from variations in measurement methods. ISO 7176-8:1998, Wheelchairs Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths. This part addresses the strength and durability of a wheelc