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1、International Standard 6438 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR SfANDARDIZATION*MEYHAPOHAR OPTAHH3AlWlR fl0 CTAH Schwa Bilabial unvoiced fricative Velar voiced implosive Velar voiced fricative Pharyngal unvoiced fricative Open high front vowel Velar u nvoiced ejective Laterial unvoiced f ricative Labio-d
2、ental nasal Alveolar nasal retroflex Palatal nasal Velar nasal Close mid-back vowel; open high-back vowel Open mid-back vowel Bilabial unvoiced ejective Retroflex flap or rolled retroflex Post-alveolar unvoiced f ricative Alveolar unvoiced ejective Alveolar unvoiced retroflex Position in Code Table
3、capital 2/2 213 214 215 217 2/8 2110 2111 2/12 2113 2115 410 417 419 4110 4/11 4115 610 611 small 3/2 313 314 315 317 318 3110 3111 3112 3/13 3115 510 511 513 515 516 517 519 5110 5111 5/13 5115 7/0 711 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO L
4、icensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 22:35:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 64384983 (El Position in Code Letter Name Table ca pital small capital small u w Open high back vowel 613 713 Ll u B ila bial voiced f ricat
5、ive 614 714 x x Uvular unvoiced fricative 615 715 Y r Glottalized palatal semivowel 616 7/6 x 3 Post-alveolar voiced fricative 617 717 5 Pharyngal voiced fricative 718 ? Glottal stop 719 0 l Bilabial click 7110 1 Dental click 7111 * Alveolar click 7112 I l Retroflex click 7113 II Lateral click 7114
6、6 Explanatory notes 6.1 Most African languages are written in Latin script. For many of them the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet are, however, not sufficient for the representation of all phonemes. Therefore they require special letters as weil as diacritical marks. Some languages make use of diffe
7、rent kinds of type font to dis- tinguish between letters; a letter printed in italic or in heavy type represents a Sound different from the same letter in normal tYPe. 6.2 This African Character set defines the special characters which are peculiar to the major African languages (see list of African
8、 languages in annex A), which are unknown to other languages with Latin orthographies. 36 characters are listed in alphabetical Order. Some graphics are used both as capital and as small letters. As a rule they have been coded as small letters. There are also characters where a capital letter does n
9、ot exist. The characters are laid out so as to facilitate automatic conver- sion from capital to small letters, as the small and capital letter of a Character differ in one bit only. 6.3 For transmission of diacritical marks and accents ISO 5426 shall be used. Digraphs or ligatures, which some Afric
10、an languages employ instead of special letters, are treated, for data processing pur- poses, as two letters. Special control characters will be required for the selection of type font and for superscript. 6.4 Some languages have had more than one orthography in the course of their history. In this c
11、ase all orthographies have been taken into consideration in which bibliographic informa- tion exists. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 22:35:20 MDTNo reproduction
12、or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 64384983 (El Annex A List of African languages (This annex does not form part of this International Standard.) This list is given to show which African languages were taken into account. NOTE - lf need should arise to process a letter which
13、is not contained in the Af rican Character set because the language was not taken into sideration , the Secretariat of SO/TC 46 or ISO Central Secretariat should be notif ied for a possible expansion of this International Standard. acoli ankwe bambara baileke bari basa bemba birom biwa chamba dagban
14、i dangme dinka duala edo efik ewe fante ful sa ganda hausa herero idoma igbira igbo ijo ila kakwa kalanjin kanuri karanga kasem kele ki kuyu Ilango limba lotu ho lozi luba Iugbara luo mandingo masai mbundu mende moru nama ndau ndebele ngala nilamba nkondo nuer nupe nyanja nyaturu nyoro nzema pokot r
15、olong ronga serer shilluk shona somal i songai soso sotho Swahili swazi temne teso. tetela tiv tonga toro tsonga tswana tumbuka twi venda wolof xhosa yoru ba con- pedi zande zulu Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical S
16、tandards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 22:35:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 64384983 (El ISO 962, 12,7 mm Information processing - (0.5 in) magnetic tape. Annex B Related publications ISO 1113, Information processing - Representation of the
17、 7-bit coded Character set on punched tape. lmplementation of the 7-bit coded Character set and its 7-bit and 8-bit extensions on g-track ISO 1155, Information processing - Use of longitudinal parity to detect errors in information messages. ISO 1177, Information processing - Character structure for
18、 start/stop and synchronous transmission. 1) ISO 1745, Information processing - Basic mode con trol procedures for da ta communica tion s ystems. ISO 6586, Data processing - lmplementation of the ISO 7-bit and 8-bit coded Character sets on punched cards. 1) At present at the Stage of draft. (Revision of ISO 1177-1973.) 6 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 22:35:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-