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1、 Reference number ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8468 Third edition 2007-07-15 Ships and marine technology Ships bridge layout and associated equipment Requirements and guidelines Navires et technologie maritime Amnagement de la passerelle dun navire et disposition de ses quipe
2、ments annexes Exigences et directives ISO 8468:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the comp
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5、 Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permi
6、ssion in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reser
7、ved ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction. vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 2 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations. 2 3.1 Terms and definitions. 2 3.2 Abbreviations 7 4 Bridge configuration. 8 4.1 General. 8 4.2 Field of vision 8 4.2.1 Gener
8、al. 8 4.2.2 Primary conning position 8 4.2.3 Navigation and manoeuvring workstation. 9 4.2.4 Monitoring and secondary navigation workstation 13 4.2.5 Docking (bridge wings) workstation. 13 4.2.6 Manual steering (helmsmans) workstation. 14 4.3 Windows 14 4.4 Sound reception system 15 5 Bridge functio
9、ns and tasks and their relations to workstations . 15 5.1 General. 15 5.2 Location and interrelation of workstations 15 5.2.1 Bridge functions . 15 5.2.2 Dedicated workstations 16 5.2.3 Workstations for navigation and manoeuvring, and monitoring and secondary navigation. 16 5.2.4 Workstations for do
10、cking 17 5.2.5 Workstation for manual steering. 17 5.2.6 Workstations for voyage planning and safety. 17 5.2.7 Workstation for communication 17 5.2.8 Workstations for additional functions 17 5.3 Tasks to be performed . 17 5.4 Configuration and dimensions of consoles. 19 5.5 Accessibility and movemen
11、t . 21 5.6 Bridge alarm systems. 22 5.6.1 Alarms 22 5.6.2 Bridge navigational watch alarm system (BNWAS) 22 5.6.3 Alarm transfer system 22 5.6.4 Centralized alarm system 23 6 Bridge equipment . 23 6.1 General. 23 6.2 Distribution of equipment in workstations. 23 6.3 Equipment . 27 6.4 Illumination a
12、nd individual lighting of equipment. 28 6.4.1 Illumination 28 6.5 Outer shape of equipment . 29 6.6 Power supply requirements. 29 7 Bridge working environment. 29 7.1 General. 29 7.2 Vibration 29 ISO 8468:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved 7.3 Noise.29 7.3.1 General noise.29 7.3.2 Sound signals
13、29 7.4 Lighting29 7.4.1 Goal 29 7.4.2 Guidelines30 7.4.3 Range of lighting.30 7.4.4 Darkness30 7.5 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning .31 7.5.1 General.31 7.5.2 Temperature.31 7.5.3 Humidity.31 7.5.4 Guidelines31 7.6 Surfaces.32 7.7 Interior32 7.8 Safety of personnel.32 8 Failure mode and eff
14、ects analysis (FMEA).33 8.1 General.33 8.2 Objectives33 8.3 Initial functional failure analysis .33 8.4 Detailed failure mode and effects analysis 34 9 Documentation34 9.1 Stowage34 9.2 User information which should be provided35 9.2.1 By the bridge integrator Detailed operating instructions 35 9.2.
15、2 By the ship owner Bridge operational procedures and training.35 9.3 Supplemental documentation35 Annex A (normative) Bridge layout for high speed craft .36 Bibliography .38 ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldw
16、ide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on th
17、at committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in
18、accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard r
19、equires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8468 was prepared by Techn
20、ical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 5, Ships bridge layout. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8468:1990) and ISO 14612:2004, which have been technically revised. ISO 8468:2007(E) vi ISO 2007 All rights reserved Introduction It has becom
21、e common practice for operators (officers and crew) to move between shipping companies and flag states and serve on a wide range of ships. Pilots too have to handle an increasing variety of ships and equipment. This International Standard therefore, contains requirements and guidelines which aim to
22、ensure safe navigation by standardizing the bridge environment to provide watchkeepers with a consistent pattern of equipment layout regardless of the ship type or the navigational systems fitted on the bridge. The requirements in this International Standard take into account human factors, ergonomi
23、c principles and advances in technology. Functional requirements are outlined in general terms in order to prescribe the basic functionality, providing the operator at each defined workstation with the best possible overview of internally presented data, easy and ergonomic operation of equipment, ad
24、equate environmental conditions on the bridge. All information made available to the operator from equipment, alarm systems and communication equipment has to be suited for the purpose, and presented in accordance with ergonomic principles. Too much information is stressing and may cause confusion.
25、Information and control facilities have to meet the needs of the operator and provide the level of performance appropriate to particular workstations and procedures. Safety aspects related to the crew, cargo, ship and the environment need to be addressed in detail. Guidelines and figures give exampl
26、es, ideal and/or alternative solutions, when such are well defined. Guiding references and comments are added where applicable. It should be noted that no specific layout presents the sole solution for a proper bridge fulfilling the requirements laid down in this International Standard. This Interna
27、tional Standard is parametric, and different types of ships and operations have different optimum designs, even though basic safety requirements are equal. This International Standard is related to the IMO Resolution on ergonomic criteria for bridge equipment and the general requirements in SOLAS Ch
28、apter V. Based on SOLAS Chapter IX (ISM-Code), dealing with casualties attributed to the human element, this International Standard should reduce such casualties. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Ships and marine technology Ships bridge layout and associated equ
29、ipment Requirements and guidelines 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the functional requirements for bridge configuration, bridge arrangement, bridge workstations and bridge environment. Guidelines have been drawn up for the methods and solutions to meet the functional requirements. The
30、requirements in this International Standard apply to all bridge functions. The purpose of this International Standard is to assist the operator(s) and pilot by providing a workplace that is conducive to safe and effective operation. It also aims to specify bridge requirements, which will secure safe
31、 and efficient operation of the ship berth-to-berth regardless of the watchkeeping arrangement in place at a particular time. This International Standard should be used in support of the aims in SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 15. Requirements and guidance on the human element aspects of the bridge syste
32、m (e.g. training, procedures) are not given. However, for safe and effective watchkeeping, these aspects will need to be addressed. The main use of this International Standard will be for designing ships bridges. This International Standard will also be useful to specifiers and procurers of ships an
33、d bridge equipment, operators, and owners for ensuring that changes made to the bridge through the life of a ship continue to conform to these requirements. This International Standard is applicable to seagoing ships. Where there are physical limitations in applying this International Standard, i.e.
34、 to small ships or to ships of unusual design, the general functional requirements still apply. Annex A of this International Standard applies to high speed craft. This International Standard does not supersede performance standards for bridge equipment. Users of this International Standard should n
35、ote that while attempting to implement its requirements, they should ensure compliance with such statutory requirements, rules and regulations as may be applicable to the individual ship concerned. Designers should consider future changes in the purpose of the ship, and availability of new equipment
36、s, in their bridge designs. ISO 8468:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refere
37、nced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2412, Shipbuilding Colours of indicator lights ISO 3434, Shipbuilding and marine structures Heated glass panes for ships rectangular windows ISO 3904, Shipbuilding and marine structures Clear-view screens IEC 60447, Basic and safety principles fo
38、r man-machine interface, marking and identification Actuating principles IMO MSC.97(73) 2000, International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft, 2000 (2000 HSC Code) IMO Resolution A.343(IX), Recommendation on methods of measuring noise levels at listening posts IMO Resolution A.468(XII), Code on No
39、ise Levels on Board Ships IMO Resolution A.694(17), General requirements for shipbourne radio equipment forming part of the GMDSS and for electronic navigational aids International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For t
40、he purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 abnormal operating condition condition created when internal technical system failures require operation of back-up systems on the bridge, or when they occur under an irregular operating condition, or when the operator be
41、comes unfit to perform his duties and has not yet been replaced by another qualified officer 3.1.2 additional bridge functions functions performed on the bridge, but not related to a primary bridge function EXAMPLE Extended communication functions, monitoring and control of ballasting and cargo oper
42、ations, monitoring and control of machinery, monitoring and control of domestic systems, ship management. 3.1.3 alarm audible and visual signal alerting a condition requiring immediate attention or user action 3.1.4 alarm transfer system system which transfers an alarm from the bridge to the master
43、and the back-up operator or any place(s) assigned by the system in the case of any operator deficiency 3.1.5 alert announcement of an abnormal situation or condition requiring attention NOTE Alerts may consist of alarms, warnings and cautions. ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.1.6 ba
44、ck-up operator qualified officer who has been designated by the ships master to be on call if assistance is needed on the navigation bridge 3.1.7 bridge area from which the navigation and control of the ship is exercised, including the wheelhouse and bridge wings 3.1.8 bridge arrangement location an
45、d interrelation of workstations and equipment on the bridge 3.1.9 bridge configuration shape of the bridge comprising the outer bulkheads and windows of the bridge area 3.1.10 bridge navigational watch alarm system BNWAS alarm system comprising watch monitoring and alarm transfer 3.1.11 bridge integ
46、rator organization that takes overall responsibility for the design of the bridge 3.1.12 bridge system total system for the performance of bridge functions, comprising bridge personnel, technical systems, man- machine interface and procedures 3.1.13 bridge wing part of the bridge, on both sides of t
47、he ships wheelhouse, which, in general, extends to the ships side 3.1.14 catwalk extension to a deck outside the wheelhouse wide enough to allow the safe passage of a person 3.1.15 caution visual alert of a condition which does not warrant an alarm or warning condition, but still requires attention
48、out of the ordinary, consideration of the situation, or of the given information 3.1.16 collision avoidance function detection and plotting of ships and other moving and stationary objects; determination and execution of course and speed deviations to avoid collision 3.1.17 commanding vision view wi
49、thout obstructions which would interfere with the operators ability to perform his immediate task 3.1.18 communications workstation workstation for operation and control of equipment for distress, safety and routine communications ISO 8468:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3.1.19 conning position place in the wheelhouse with commanding vision and which is used by operators when monitoring and directing the ships movements NOTE The conning position is frequently at the workstation for navigatio