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1、 Reference number ISO 4892-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4892-2 Second edition 2006-02-01 Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps Plastiques Mthodes dexposition des sources lumineuses de laboratoire Partie 2: Lampes arc au xnon ISO 4892-2:2006
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5、O 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the
6、 country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved ISO 4892-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword i
7、v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Principle. 1 4 Apparatus 2 5 Test specimens. 6 6 Exposure conditions 6 7 Procedure 8 8 Exposure report 8 Annex A (informative) Filtered xenon-arc radiation Spectral power distribution. 9 Bibliography. 10 ISO 4892-2:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved For
8、eword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tech
9、nical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
10、 electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated t
11、o the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for
12、 identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4892-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical and environmental resistance. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4892-2:1994), which has been technically revised. ISO 4892
13、 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources: Part 1: General guidance Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4892-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights re
14、served 1 Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps 1 Scope This part of ISO 4892 specifies methods for exposing specimens to xenon-arc light in the presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in actual end-use
15、environments to daylight or to daylight filtered through window glass. The specimens are exposed to filtered xenon-arc light under controlled conditions (temperature, humidity and/or wetting). Various types of xenon-arc light source and various filter combinations may be used to meet different requi
16、rements. Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in other International Standards for specific materials. General guidance is given in ISO 4892-1. NOTE Xenon-arc exposures of paints and varnishes are described in ISO 11341. 2 Normative references The following referenced docum
17、ents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4582, Plastics Determination of changes in colour and variations in propert
18、ies after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources ISO 4892-1, Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 1: General guidance 3 Principle 3.1 A xenon arc, fitted with suitable filters and properly maintained, is used to simulate the spectral
19、 power distribution of daylight in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible regions of the spectrum. 3.2 Specimens are exposed to various levels of light, heat, relative humidity and water (see 3.4) under controlled environmental conditions. 3.3 The exposure conditions may be varied by selection of a) the l
20、ight filter(s); b) the irradiance level; ISO 4892-2:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved c) the temperature during exposure to light; d) the relative humidity in the chamber during light and dark exposures, when exposure conditions requiring control of humidity are used; e) the way the test specim
21、ens are wetted (see 3.4); f) the water temperature and wetting cycle; g) the relative lengths of the light and dark periods. 3.4 Wetting is usually produced by spraying the test specimens with demineralized/deionized water, by immersion in water or by condensation of water vapour onto the surfaces o
22、f the specimens. 3.5 The procedure may include measurements of the irradiance and radiant exposure in the plane of the specimens. 3.6 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the test specimens to provide a standard for comparative pur
23、poses. 3.7 Intercomparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different apparatus should not be made unless an appropriate statistical relationship has been established between the apparatuses for the particular material exposed. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Laboratory light source 4.1.1 General The l
24、ight source shall comprise one or more quartz-jacketed xenon-arc lamps which emit radiation from below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into the infrared. In order to simulate daylight, filters shall be used to remove short-wavelength UV radiation (method A, see Table 1). F
25、ilters to minimize irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 310 nm shall be used to simulate daylight through window glass (method B, see Table 2). In addition, filters to remove infrared radiation may be used to prevent unrealistic heating of the test specimens, which can cause thermal degradation no
26、t experienced during outdoor exposures. NOTE Solar spectral irradiance for a number of different atmospheric conditions is described in CIE Publication No. 85. The benchmark daylight used in this part of ISO 4892 is that defined in Table 4 in CIE No. 85:1989. 4.1.2 Spectral irradiance of xenon-arc l
27、amps with daylight filters Filters are used to filter xenon-arc emissions in order to simulate daylight (CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4). The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV wavelength range are given in Table 1 (see also Annex A). ISO 4892-2:2006(E) IS
28、O 2006 All rights reserved 3 Table 1 Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamps with daylight filters a, b (method A) Spectral passband ( = wavelength in nm) Minimum c % CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4 d, e % Maximum c % 290 0,15 290 u u 320 2,6 5,4 7,9 320 u 360 28,2 38,2 39,8 360 u 400 54,2 56,4 67,
29、5 a This table gives the irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 290 nm and 400 nm. To determine whether a specific filter or set of filters for a xenon-arc lamp meets the requirements of this table, the spectral irradiance must be measured from 25
30、0 nm to 400 nm. The total irradiance in each wavelength passband is then summed and divided by the total irradiance from 290 nm to 400 nm. b The minimum and maximum limits in this table are based on more than 100 spectral irradiance measurements with water- and air-cooled xenon-arc lamps with daylig
31、ht filters from different production lots and of various ages 3, used in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. As more spectral irradiance data become available, minor changes in the limits are possible. The minimum and maximum limits are at least three sigma from the mean for all
32、 the measurements. c The minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 % because they represent the minima and maxima for the measurement data used. For any individual spectral irradiance, the percentages calculated for the passbands in this table will sum to 100 %. For any individual
33、xenon-arc lamp with daylight filters, the calculated percentage in each passband shall fall within the minimum and maximum limits given. Exposure results can be expected to differ if obtained using xenon-arc apparatus in which the spectral irradiances differ by as much as that allowed by the toleran
34、ces. Contact the manufacturer of the xenon-arc apparatus for specific spectral irradiance data for the xenon-arc lamp and filters used. d The data from Table 4 in CIE Publication No. 85:1989 is the global solar irradiance on a horizontal surface for an air mass of 1,0, an ozone column of 0,34 cm at
35、STP, 1,42 cm of precipitable water vapour and a spectral optical depth of aerosol extinction of 0,1 at 500 nm. These data are target values for xenon-arc lamps with daylight filters. e For the solar spectrum represented by Table 4 in CIE No. 85:1989, the UV irradiance (between 290 nm and 400 nm) is
36、11 % and the visible irradiance (between 400 nm and 800 nm) is 89 %, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 290 nm and 800 nm. The percentage of the UV irradiance and that of the visible irradiance incident on specimens exposed in xenon-arc apparatus may vary due to the number of
37、specimens being exposed and their reflectance properties. 4.1.3 Spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters Filters are used to filter the xenon-arc lamp emissions in order to simulate daylight which has passed through window glass. The minimum and maximum levels of the relative
38、 spectral irradiance in the UV region are given in Table 2 (see also Annex A). ISO 4892-2:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved Table 2 Relative spectral irradiance for xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters a, b (method B) Spectral passband Minimum c CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4 plus effect of wind
39、ow glass d, e Maximum c ( = wavelength in nm) % % % 300 0,29 300 u u 320 0,1 u 1 2,8 320 u 360 23,8 33,1 35,5 360 u 400 62,4 66,0 76,2 a This table gives the irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 290 nm and 400 nm. To determine whether a specific
40、 filter or set of filters for a xenon-arc lamp meets the requirements of this table, the spectral irradiance must be measured from 250 nm to 400 nm. The total irradiance in each passband is then summed and divided by the total irradiance between 290 nm and 400 nm. b The minimum and maximum limits in
41、 this table are based on more than 30 spectral irradiance measurements with water- and air-cooled xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters from different production lots and of various ages 3, used in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. As more spectral irradiance data become a
42、vailable, minor changes in the limits are possible. The minimum and maximum limits are at least three sigma from the mean for all the measurements. c The minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 % because they represent the minima and maxima for the data used. For any individual s
43、pectral irradiance, the percentages calculated for the passbands in this table will sum to 100 %. For any individual xenon-arc lamp with window glass filters, the calculated percentage in each passband shall fall within the minimum and maximum limits given. Exposure results can be expected to differ
44、 if obtained using xenon-arc apparatus in which the spectral irradiances differ by as much as that allowed by the tolerances. Contact the manufacturer of the xenon-arc apparatus for specific spectral irradiance data for the xenon-arc lamp and filters used. d The data from Table 4 in CIE No. 85:1989
45、plus the effect of window glass was determined by multiplying the CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4, data by the spectral transmittance of 3-mm-thick window glass (see ISO 11341). These data are target values for xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters. e For the CIE No. 85:1989 plus window glass data, the
46、 UV irradiance between 300 nm and 400 nm is typically about 9 % and the visible irradiance (between 400 nm and 800 nm) is typically about 91 %, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 300 nm and 800 nm. The percentage of the UV irradiance and that of the visible irradiance incident
47、 on specimens exposed in xenon-arc apparatus may vary due to the number of specimens being exposed and their reflectance properties. 4.1.4 Irradiance uniformity The irradiance at any position in the area used for specimen exposure shall be at least 80 % of the maximum irradiance. Requirements for pe
48、riodic repositioning of specimens when this requirement is not met are described in ISO 4892-1. NOTE For some materials of high reflectivity, periodic repositioning of specimens is recommended to ensure uniformity of exposures, even when the irradiance uniformity in the exposure area is within the l
49、imits so that repositioning is not required. 4.2 Test chamber The design of the test chamber may vary, but it shall be constructed from inert material. In addition to the controlled irradiance, the test chamber shall provide for control of temperature. For exposures that require control of humidity, the test chamber shall include humidity-control facilities that meet the requirements of ISO 4892-1. When required by the exposure used, the apparatus