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1、 Reference number ISO/TR 17641-3:2005(E) ISO 2005 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17641-3 First edition 2005-03-15 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Hot cracking tests for weldments Arc welding processes Part 3: Externally loaded tests Essais destructifs des soudures sur matriaux mtalliques E
2、ssais de fissuration chaud des assemblages souds Procds de soudage larc Partie 3: Essais sur prouvette soumise une charge extrieure Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/200
3、7 03:04:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 17641-3:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which a
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6、 a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
7、microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii I
8、SO 2005 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:04:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 17641-3:2005
9、(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
10、interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotech
11、nical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by t
12、he technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is
13、normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art“, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are
14、considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 17641-3 was prepared by the European Committee for
15、 Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). Throughout the text of this document, read “
16、.this CEN Report.” to mean “.this Technical Report.”. ISO 17641 consists of the following parts, under the general title Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Hot cracking tests for weldments Arc welding processes: Part 1: General Part 2: Self-restraint tests Part 3: Externally loaded tes
17、ts Technical Report Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:04:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 17641-3:2005(E) iv I
18、SO 2005 All rights reserved Contents page Forewordv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Symbols, designations and units.1 5 Principle2 6 Description of the tests.4 6.1 Hot tensile test .4 6.1.1 General4 6.1.2 Specimen size 4 6.1.3 Protective atmosphere 5 6.1.4 Test proced
19、ure.5 6.1.5 Test results.5 6.2 Principles of the Varestraint and Transvarestraint tests.6 6.2.1 General principles6 6.2.2 Specimen size 9 6.2.3 Test procedure.9 6.2.4 Test results.9 6.3 Flat tensile test.11 6.3.1 General11 6.3.2 Specimen size 11 6.3.3 Test procedure.12 6.3.4 Test results.13 7 Test r
20、eports 14 Figures Figure 1 Specimen dimensions for the hot tensile test 4 Figure 2 Results presentation 6 Figure 3 Principle of Varestraint (up) /Transvarestraint tests (down) 8 Figure 4 Typical presentation of results for The Varestraint and Transvarestraint tests .10 Figure 5 Programmable Deformat
21、ion Cracking Test (PVR-Test) Test piece dimension 12 Figure 6 Test procedure of Programmable Deformation Cracking Test (PVR-Test).13 Tables Table 1 Designation and symbols2 Table 2 Hot cracking tests, types of cracking and applications .3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Prov
22、ided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:04:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 17641-3:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved v Foreword This document (CEN ISO/TR 17641-3:2005) has b
23、een prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes”. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technic
24、al Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:04:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19
25、/2007 03:04:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 17641-3:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 1 Scope This document outlines the test methods and procedures for carrying out externally loaded tests to assess susceptibility to hot cracking. The followi
26、ng tests are described: Hot tensile tests Varestraint and Transvarestraint test Flat tensile test. The above tests can provide information about the hot cracking sensitivity of parent materials, weld metals and weldments. Assessment is based upon the measurement of the “brittle temperature range“ (B
27、TR) where hot cracks occur. This document applies primarily to austenitic stainless steels, nickel, nickel base and nickel copper alloys, weldments and welding consumables. However, the principles can be extended to other materials such as aluminium alloys and high strength steels by agreement betwe
28、en contracting parties. 2 Normative references The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN I
29、SO 17641-1:2004, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Hot cracking tests for weldments Arc welding processes Part 1: General (ISO 17641-1:2004) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 17641-1:2004 apply. 4 Symbols, designations
30、 and units For the purposes of this document, the symbols and units given in Table 1 apply. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:04:59 MDTNo reproduction or network
31、ing permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 17641-3:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved Table 1 Designation and symbols Symbol Designation Unit Hot tensile test BTR Brittle temperature range, i.e. difference between NST and DTR (see Figure 2) C DRR Ductility recovery rate, difference (23)
32、/(13) 100 (see Figure 2) % DRT Ductility recovery temperature, i.e. temperature at 5% reduction in area measured during “on cooling“ tensile test C NDR Nil ductility temperature range, distance (46 see Figure 2) C NST Nil strength temperature, i.e. peak temperature of the test (See Figure 2, Point 6
33、) C RDR Ratio of ductility recovery, area (234)/area (135) 100 (See Figure 2) - Rm Ultimate tensile strength MPa Z Reduction in area % Ts Solidus temperature (See Figure 2, Point 7) C Varestraint- and Transvarestraint test Ltot Total length of all detected hot cracks mm I Specimen length mm R Radius
34、 of the former mm t Specimen thickness mm w Specimen width mm Flat tensile test Ss Specimen strain % Sv Strain rate mm/s Vcrit Critical strain to form the first hot crack mm/s Ws Welding speed cm/min 5 Principle Externally loaded hot cracking tests may be used to provide quantitative information on
35、solidification, liquation and ductility dip cracking in accordance with Table 2. They are suitable for assessing the susceptibility to hot cracking of parent materials, weldments and weld metals. However it should be recognised that the exact mechanisms of the various forms of hot cracking are not f
36、ully understood. The different externally loaded tests described in this document use different criteria for the assessment of susceptibility to hot cracking. None of the tests reproduce exactly the conditions of temperature, cooling rate, restraint and externally applied strains, which occur in a w
37、ide range of fabrications where hot cracking may be considered to be a potential problem. Although work continues to address these issues, the tests in their presently developed form can only be used to rank materials, welding consumables and welding conditions. The results can then be compared with
38、 databases of relevant experience to make judgements as to potential suitability. For this reason it is not possible to state that any particular test is the most appropriate for any specific requirement. The user of the test shall decide on the basis of past experience, or on preliminary experiment
39、s, which is the most appropriate test for the required application. Four types of hot cracking test are described and their relevance to the various forms of hot cracking, and their possible range of application, are summarised in Table 2. All the hot cracking tests described depend on the impositio
40、n of an external load on the specimen using suitable test equipment. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 03:04:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without l
41、icense from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 17641-3:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 This external loading can produce a measurable strain and strain rate on the specimen during the brittle temperature range (BTR) and can therefore reproduce certain aspects of the welding process. The results produced from t
42、his test are quantitative and are generally reproducible for the same test using a defined testing procedure and similar equipment. Unfortunately, equipment and testing procedures are not standardised between different laboratories, and absolute reproducibility between laboratories is limited. Repea
43、tability of results within a single laboratory using consistent procedures and the same equipment is generally good. When parent materials are to be tested, the test specimen is heated either with a TIG melt run in the case of the Varestraint and flat tensile test or by resistance heating in the hot
44、 tensile test. In both cases a HAZ is formed which is subjected to straining and hence assessment of susceptibility to cracking. When weld metal is to be tested, a weld deposit is made by the appropriate arc welding process and in the cases of the Varestraint and flat tensile test, is subjected to s
45、training as the weld solidifies. Any cracking, which occurs, forms the basis of the assessment. For the hot tensile test the specimen is extracted from a multipass welded joint and assessment is based on measured mechanical properties using the appropriate procedure, see 6.1.1 Multipass welds can al
46、so be assessed using the Varestaint and flat tensile test, but for these tests, samples with multipass deposits have to be prepared and the weld metal is then reheated using a similar TIG melt run to that utilised in parent material tests. Table 2 Hot cracking tests, types of cracking and applicatio
47、ns Type of test Type of cracking Results Applications Solidification Ltot BTR Liquation Ltot Varestraint Ductility Dip Ltot Parent material, selection and approval. Weld metal, selection and approval. Welding procedures Transvarestraint Solidification Ltot Weld metal selection Welding procedures Sol
48、idification Vcrit Liquation Vcrit Flat tensile type (PVR test) Ductility Dip Vcrit Material selection, Multipass weldments Welding procedures Material combinations Solidification BTR Hot tensile test (Gleeble TM) Liquation BTR Material selection and approval Although it is possible for more than one form of hot cracking to be present in a given test piece it should be noted that the formation of one type of cracking