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1、TECHNICAL REPORT IS0 TR 12155 First edition 1994-l O-01 Commercial vehicles - Obstacle detection device during reversing - Requirements and tests V - type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an ag
2、reement on an International Standard; - type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publi
3、cation, to decide whether they can be transformed into Interna- tional Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. ISO/TR 12155, which is a Technical Report of type 2, was prepared by Techni
4、cal Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and electronic equipment. This document is being issued in the type 2 Technical Report series of publications (according to subclause G.4.2.2 of part 1 of the lSO/lEC Di- rectives 1992) as a “prospective standard for provisional a
5、pplication” in the field of detection devices for reversing commercial vehicles because there is an urgent need for guidance on how standards in this field should be used to meet an identified need. 0 IS0 1994 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specrfred, no part of this publrcatton may be reprod
6、uced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyrng and microfilm, without permission In writrng from the publrsher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii -,-,- 0 IS0 ISO/T
7、R 12155:1994(E) This document is not to be regarded as an “International Standard”. It is proposed for provisional application so that information and experience of its use in practice may be gathered. Comments on the content of this document should be sent to the IS0 Central Secretariat. A review o
8、f this type 2 Technical Report will be carried out not later than two years after its publication with the options of: extension for another two years; conversion into an International Standard; or withdrawal. . . III -,-,- ISO/TR 12155:1994(E) 0 IS0 Introduction When road vehicles reverse there are
9、 repeatedly accidents involving per- sonal injury and damage to property, despite special legislative provisions. The assistant stipulated by the rules is not available in practice, as the vehicles are generally operated by one person. Drivers often reverse without adequate visibility to the rear. T
10、echnical aids to improve vision to the rear of vehicles have therefore been developed and placed on the market in recent years. Video systems mounted high up at the rear of the vehicle have proved useful for special applications (e.g. buses, tankers, airport apron vehicles). These devices have some
11、disadvantages, such as high purchase price, the installation of a camera on platform vehicles or folding canopy tops being difficult or impossible, high theft rate, restricted visibility in fog or darkness. A further disadvantage to the driver is the additional burden of watching the moni- tor. Afte
12、r evaluating all currently available alternatives, experts and organiz- ations responsible for occupational safety consider that the most effective reduction of accidents can be achieved by monitoring the area to the rear of the vehicle with ultrasonic sensors which are linked to visual/acoustic war
13、ning devices in the cab. Requirements and tests for reversing warning devices on road vehicles have been devised by a FAKRA working group which includes equipment manufacturers, vehicle and trailer manufacturers, and organizations re- presenting operators and responsible for occupational safety, con
14、tained in this Technical Report. Manufacturers and test houses are requested to present their experience with the requirements of this Technical Report. In this regard, the following should be observed: - According to the information available to the members of the working group in July 1991, there
15、is no device on the market which meets the requirements of this Technical Report. - In the opinion of the experts in the Working Group, rearward detection devices cannot be implemented on their own. The accident-preventing function can only be tested in conjunction with the relevant vehicle model, b
16、y optimizing the monitoring range. A generally mandatory measuring plan is necessary for this. Reversing detection devices are of the same type as devices such as safety light barriers, two-hand control units and SPS control systems with safety functions, - As with these devices, the safety question
17、s for reversing detection devices scarcely concern prevention of electrical contact or sharp mechanical edges, etc., but rather reliability of operation (possibly in- cluding self-monitoring). Requirements should focus primarily on this. -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT Q ISO ISO/TR 12155:1994(E) Commercial v
18、ehicles - Obstacle detection device during reversing - Requirements and tests 1 Scope This Technical Report specifies requirements and tests for detection devices which indicate to the driver of a commercial road vehicle, when he is reversing, the presence of objects which are within the moni- torin
19、g range of the device. It applies to detection devices with non-contact sen- sors which can be fitted on commercial vehicles1 to improve safety during manoeuvring. They are to be regarded as an additional aid to the vehicle driver when reversing at a speed of up to 5 km/h2J (approxi- mately walking
20、pace), but they do not relieve the driver of his special responsibility when reversing (i.e. this is not a reversing alarm for other personnel in the area). This Technical Report describes two basic designs: - reversing detection devices with a pre-warning range; - reversing detection devices withou
21、t a pre-warning range (see 5.1). NOTE 1 Detection devices having a monitoring range which extends to the full height of the vehicles are called rearward warning devices. The Technical Report currently does not include requirements for such devices. 1) As defined in IS0 3833: solo vehicles only. 2 No
22、rmative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Technical Report. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Technical
23、 Report are encouraged to investi- gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- tions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 1176: 1990, Road vehicles - Masses - Vocabu- lary and codes. IS0 3833:1977, Road
24、vehicles - Types - Terms and definitions. IS0 7637-2:1990, Road vehicles - Electrical disturb- ance by conduction and coupling - Part 2: Commer- cial vehicles with nominal 24 V supply voltage - Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only. IS0 7637-3:-3, Road vehicles - Electrical disturb
25、- ance by conduction and coupling - Part 3: Passenger cars and light commercial vehicles with nominal 12 V supply voltage and commercial vehicles with 24 V supply voltage - Electrical transient transmission by 2) This corresponds to the average reversing speed of commercial vehicles and is related t
26、o the monitoring range specified in this Technical Report. Higher speeds lead to longer braking distances and would therefore require larger monitoring ranges. This would cause an increased number of false warnings and would thus jeopardize acceptance of the warning device. 3) To be published. 1 ISO
27、/TR 12155:1994(E) 0 IS0 capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines. IS0 7731:1986, Danger signals for work places - Auditory danger signals. IS0 9227:1990, Corrosion tests in artificial atmos- pheres - Salt spray tests. IS0 11451-1:-3, Road vehicles - Electrical disturb- anc
28、es by narrow-band radiated electromagnetic en- ew - Vehicle test methods - Part 1: General and definitions. IS0 11452-l :-3, Road vehicles - Electrical disturb- ances by narrow-band radiated electromagnetic en- ergy - Component test methods - Part 7: General and definitions. IEC 529:1989, Degrees of
29、 protection provided by en- closures (IP Code). DIN-VDE 0879-3:1981, Radio interference sup- pression of vehicles, vehicle equipment and internal combustion engines - Part 3: interference sup- pression for on-board radio reception. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the follow-
30、 ing definitions apply. 3.1 reversing detection device: Warning device which gives an acoustic and visual indication to the vehicle driver (not an alarm to other personnel in the area), when he selects reverse gear, of whether there are objects in the monitoring range. NOTES 2 When reverse gear is s
31、elected, the detection device is automatically activated if the device for starting or stopping the engine is in such a condition that the engine can oper- ate. 3 The reversing detection device is a system consisting of several components which are necessary to permit operation of the system. It inc
32、ludes in particular the follow- ing components: sensors, signal-processing unit (evaluation device), visual and acoustic indicator, and the transmission equipment. 3.2 sensor: Component which detects objects in the monitoring range. 3.3 evaluation device: Component which evaluates the sensor signals
33、 and monitors operation. 3.4 indication device: Component which transmits signals to the vehicle driver in the form of visual and acoustic information. 3.5 monitoring range: Specific three-dimensional area behind the vehicle, which is divided into a pre- warning range, a main warning range and a col
34、lision range. (See figure 1 .I 3.6 test object: Object with a specific geometry and surface for testing the monitoring range. Dimensions in millimetres -_ _- 700 1800 3 000 Reference plane of vehicle rear - Figure 1 - Monitoring range of reversing detection device - -,-,- Q IS0 4 Designation ISO/TR
35、12155:1994(E) 5.3.1.1 Warning When ordering, a model designation needs to be added to the standard designation in 4.1 and 4.2 to allow precise correlation between a reversing de- tection device and the intended vehicle model or ve- hicle range (see also 9.1). 4.1 The designation of a reversing detec
36、tion device with a pre-warning range (monitoring range 3 m) (RW 30), which meets the requirements of this Technical Report is as follows: Reversing detection device ISO/TR 12155 RW 30 4.2 The designation of a reversing detection device without a pre-warning range (monitoring range I,8 m) (RW 18). wh
37、ich meets the requirements of this Technical Report is as follows: Reversing detection device lSO/TR 12155 RW 18 5 Safety requirements 5.1 Monitoring range The monitoring range for reversing detection devices is defined by the measuring points in figures 3 to 6. For application- and vehicle-related
38、reasons, the pre- warning range can be dispensed with, if desired, for vehicles below 7,5 t complete vehicle kerb mass as defined in IS0 1176. The dimensions relate to the complete vehicle kerb mass (ISO-M06), with fully laden rear axle. 5.2 Arrangement of sensors The sensors shall be arranged so th
39、at the monitoring range specified in 5.1 is covered. 5.3 Indicators and signals Reversing detection devices shall be equipped with indicators for conveying visual and acoustic signals. 5.3.1 Visual indicators The visual indicators shall convey the messages in 5.3.1.1 to 5.3.1.3. Range indicators may
40、 be either digital or analogue, so long as the requirements below are met. Warning indications shall be as follows: - intermittent yellow not necessary for warning devices without a pre-warning range (see 5.111: if there are objects in the pre-warning range; - intermittent red: if there are objects
41、in the main warning range; - continuous red: if there are objects in the collision range. 5.3.1.2 Monitoring Monitoring indications shall be as follows. a) Activation check: to check the operation of the visual indicator, it is acceptable when switching on the ignition, and necessan/ when activating
42、 the system, for both signals to light up briefly. b) Readiness check: if desired, there may be an ad- ditional signal (e.g. green) which indicates that the reversing detection device is ready to operate correctly. This signal shall go out if there is a warning (5.3.1.1) or a fault (5.3.1.3). 5.3.1.
43、3 Faults System faults should be indicated by the signals in 5.3.1 .l and 5.3.1.2 flashing. System faults occurring when the system is activated should be indicated as follows: - in the case of devices with a pre-warning signal, by continuous illumination of the red and yellow signals, - in the case
44、 of devices without a pre-warning sig- nal, by continuous illumination of the red signal. 5.3.2 Acoustic signal The acoustic signals as specified in IS0 7731 have the functions given in 5.3.2.1 to 5.3.2.3. 5.3.2.1 Warning Acoustic warning signals shall be as follows: a) a continuous sequence of indi
45、vidual tones with a pulse frequency of 2 Hz: when there are objects in the pre-warning zone; ISO/TR 12155:1994(E) 0 IS0 b) a continuous sequence of individual tones with a pulse frequency of 4 Hz: when there are objects in the main warning zone; c) a continuous tone: when there are objects in the co
46、llision zone. NOTE 4 This continuous tone acoustic signal may be so wired that the volume can be reduced manually, if required (advisable, e.g. when parking on a ramp be- tween two other trucks). The volume reduction applies to the current activation process only. 5.3.2.2 Readiness check A short aco
47、ustic signal is necessary to check the operation of the acoustic indicator, and may only sound on activation of the system (if there is no warning as in 5.3.2.1). 5.3.2.3 Faults Faults should be indicated by a continuous tone. This tone shall differ markedly from the normal warning tones in its freq
48、uency and shall have a minimum dur- ation of 3 s after selection of reverse gear. It shall only sound when reverse gear is engaged and sound every time this gear is selected as long as the fault remains. The circuit for the continuous tone shall be such that the volume can be manually reduced or swi
49、tched off, or shall automatically switch off after 3 s. The ability to reduce the volume or switch off applies only to the current activation process. 5.4 System measuring time The measuring time including all sensors in a revers- ing detection device should not take longer than 200 ms before the indication appears. This time is calculated as the arithmetic mean of at least 50 measurements, in the course of which a