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1、JI JAPANESE I NDUSTRIAL STANDARD Translated and Published by Japanese Standards Association Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distri bution systems- Selection and application principles ICs 29.240 ; 29.240.10 Reference number : JIS C 5381-12 : 2004 (E) PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT 62
2、 C Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 01:30:08 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- C 5381-12 : 2004 (IEC 61643-12 : 2002) Foreword This tr
3、anslation has been made based on the original Japanese Indus- trial Standard established by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Indus- try through deliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards Commit- tee according to the proposal of establishing a Japanese Industrial Stan- dard from Electronic
4、Materials Manufactures Association of Japan (ElMAJ)/ Japanese Standards Association (JSA), with a draft of Industrial Standard based on the provision of Article 12 Clause 1 of the Industrial Standardization Law. This Standard has been made based on IEC 61643-12:2002 Surge protec- tive devices connec
5、ted to low-voltage power distribution systems - Selection and application principles for the purposes of making it easier to compare this Standard with International Standard; to prepare Japa- nese Industrial Standard conforming with International Standard; and to propose a draft of an International
6、 Standard which is based on Japanese Industrial Standard. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some parts of this Standard may conflict with a patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility model after opening
7、to the public which have technical properties. The relevant Minister and the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee are not responsible for identifying the patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for registra- tion of utility model afte
8、r opening to the public which have the said tech- nical properties. Date of Establishment: 2004-03-20 Date of Public Notice in Oficial Gazette: Investigated by: 2004-03-22 Japanese Industrial Standards Committee Standards Board Technical Committee on Electronics Technology JIS C 5381-12 : 2004, Firs
9、t English edition published in 2005-07 Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN In tlie event of any doubts arising as to the contents, the original JIS is to be the final authority. O JSA 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this
10、publication may be reproduced or utilized in aiio form or by m y means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Japan PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license wit
11、h JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 01:30:08 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- C 5381-12 2004 (IEC 61643-12 2002) Contents Page Introduction 1 . 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 . . 3 Definitions 6 3.1 surge p
12、rotective device (SPD) 6 3.2 continuous operating current (IC) 6 3.3 maximum continuous operating voltage (u,) 6 3.4 voltage protectlo* level ( up) 6 3.5 measured limiting voltage 6 3.6 residual voltage ( u.es) 6 3.7 temporary overvoltage ( - location and accessibility; - acceptable failure rate; -
13、operating practices. 3.34 residual current device (RCD) mechanical switching device or association of devices intended to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual or unbalanced current attains a given value under specified conditions see definition 3.37 of JIS C 5381-1.1 3.35 voltage by w
14、hich a system or equipment is des- ignated and to which certain operating characteristics are referred (for example, 230/400 VI. Under normal system conditions, the voltage at the supply terminals may differ from the nominal voltage as determined by the tolerances of the supply systems nominal volta
15、ge of the system NOTE : In this Standard a tolerance of * 10 % is used. The nominal voltage of the system phase to earth is called U, (see IEC 60038). The line-to-neutral voltage of the system is called Uo. NOTE : 3.36 impulse test classification 3.36.1 test carried out with the nominal discharge cu
16、rrent (Id defined in 3.9, the 1.2/50 voltage impulse defined in 3.13, and the maximum impulse current Amp for class 1 test defined in 3.10 3.36.2 class II test test carried out with the nominal discharge current (In) defined in 3.9, the 1.2/50 voltage impulse defined in 3.13, and the maximum dischar
17、ge current A n , for class T test defined in 3.32 3.36.3 fined in 3.11 NOTE : class I test class III test tests carried out with the combination wave (1.2/50, 8/20 de- Adapted from 3.35.3 of JIS C 5381-1. 3.37 rated load current (A,) can be supplied to a load connected to the protected output of an
18、SPD maximum continuous rated r.m.s. or d.c. current that NOTES 1 Adapted from 3.14 of JIS C 5381-1 by adding the following note. 2 This is only relevant to SPD(s) having separate input and output ter- minals. 3.38 backup overcurrent protection overcurrent device (for example, fuse or cir- cuit-break
19、er), which is a part of the electrical installation located externally upstream of the SPD, to avoid overheating and destruction in case the SPD is unable to interrupt the power frequency short-circuit current see definition 3.36 of JIS C 5381-1.1 3.39 maximum continuous operating voltage of the pow
20、er system at the SPD location (UB) maximum r.m.s. or d.c. voltage to which the SPD may be subjected at the point of application of the SPD. This takes into account only voltage regulation and/or volt- age drop or increase. It is directly linked to Uo.Also called actual maximum system PROTECTED BY CO
21、PYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 01:30:08 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 15 C 5381-12 2004 (IEC 61643-12 2002) voltage (see
22、 figure 6). NOTE This voltage does not take into account harmonics, faults, TOVs or tran- sient conditions. 3.40 disruptive discharge between the electrodes of the gap of an SPD sparkover voltage of a voltage-switching SPD maximum voltage value before NOTES 1 Adapted from 3.38 of JIS C 5381-1 by add
23、ing the following note. 2 A voltage-switching SPD may be based on components other than gaps (for example, silicon-based components). 3.41 lightning protection system (LPS) and its contents against the effects of lightning complete system used to protect a structure 4 gard to the use of an SPD, two
24、factors need to be considered: a) the characteristics of the low-voltage power distribution system on which it will be used, including expected types and levels of overvoltage and current; b) the characteristics of the equipment requiring protection. 4.1 Low-voltage power distribution systems Low-vo
25、ltage power distribution systems are basically characterized by the type of system earthing (TNC, TNS, TNC-S, TT, IT) and the nominal voltage (see 3.35). Various types of overvoltages and currents may oc- cur. In this Standard, the overvoltages are classified into three groups: a) lightning; b) swit
26、ching; c) temporary overvoltages. 4.1.1 In most cases lightning stress is the main factor for the selection of an SPDs class of test and associated current or voltage val- ues (Amp, b, or U, according to JIS C 5381-1). Systems and equipment to be protected When evaluating an installation with re- Li
27、ghtning overvoltages and currents Evaluation of the waveshape and current (or voltage) amplitude of the lightning surges is necessary for the proper selection of an SPD. It is important to determine if the voltage protection level of the SPD will be adequate to protect the equipment in such circumst
28、ances. NOTE : For example, areas prone to frequent lightning strikes may require an SPD suitable to withstand class I or class II tests. Generally (for example, in the case of direct strike to the lines or induced surges on the lines), higher stresses occur on the electrical installation external to
29、 the structure. Within the structure, the stresses are decreased when moving from the installations entrance to internal circuits. The decrease is due to the change of circuit configuration and impedances. The need for protection against lightning surges depends on a) the local ground flash density
30、Ng (average annual ground flash density, in light- PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 01:30:08 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
31、 from IHS -,-,- 16 C 5381-12 : 2004 (IEC 61643-12 : 2002) ning flashes per kmz per year, concerning the region where the structure is located). Modern lightning location systems can provide information on Ng with reasonable accuracy; b) the exposure of the electrical installation, including incoming
32、 services. Under- ground systems are generally considered to be less exposed than overhead systems. Even if the supply is provided by an underground cable, the use of an SPD may be recommended to provide protection. To determine if surge protection is needed, the fol- lowing are some items that shou
33、ld be considered: the installation has a lightning protection system in its vicinity; - the length of the cable is not sufficient to provide adequate separation (attenuation) of the installation from the overhead part of the network; - high surges of atmospheric origin can be expected on the overhea
34、d line supplying the MV (medium voltage) side of the transformer connected to the installation; - the underground cable may be affected by direct lightning in the presence of high soil resistivity; - the size or height of the building powered by the cable is large enough to signifi- cantly increase
35、the risk for direct strikes to the building. The risk for direct strikes to other incoming (outgoing) services (telephone lines, antenna systems, etc.) that may affect the power system and equipment; - other overhead services are present. When many buildings are supplied from a single supply system,
36、 those buildings which do not have SPDs may have high stresses on their electrical systems. For SPD installations in a structure which is equipped with an external lightning protection system, it is (in case of direct lightning to the structure) generally sufficient to make calculations using earthi
37、ng d.c. resistance readings (for example, earthing of the building and power distribution system, pipes, etc), to determine the current distribu- tion through the SPDs. Annex C and annex 1 give more information about lightning stress. 4.1.2 These stresses, in terms of peak current and voltage, are u
38、sually lower than lightning stresses but may have longer duration. However, in some cases, particularly deep inside a structure or close to switching overvoltage sources, the switching stress can be higher than the stresses caused by lightning. The energy related to these switching surges needs to b
39、e known to permit the choice of ap- propriate SPDs. The time duration of the switching surges, including transients due to faults and fuse operations, can be much longer than the lightning surge duration. An- nex C gives more information about switching stress. 4.1.3 Temporary overvoltages Urov 4.1.
40、3.1 lifetime that exceeds the maximum continuous operating voltage of the power system. Switching overvoltages General Any SPD can be exposed to a temporary overvoltage UTov during its PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS
41、Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 01:30:08 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 17 C 5381-12 2004 (IEC 61643-12 2002) Occurrence of Gov A temporary overvoltage has two dimensions, magnitude and time. The time dura- tion of the ove
42、rvoltage primarily depends upon the earthing of the supply system (this includes both the high-voltage supply system as well as the low-voltage system to which the SPD is connected). In determining the temporary overvoltages, consideration should be given to the maximum continuous operating voltage
43、of the power system ( L L ) . Annex I provides more information about temporary overvoltage. 4.1.3.2 IEC 60364-4-44 gives the maximum values of UTov to be expected in low-voltage networks (for a more detailed calculation of these values, refer to annex E). Standardized values System I Maximum values
44、 for Gov, HV Lower values are possible depending on many factors such as the location of the SPD, the type of network, etc. The maximum values (see also figure 4) given in table 1 are at the consumer installation for transformer location (see table 1, note 2). Between phase and earth Table 1 Maximum
45、 TOV values as given in IEC 60634-4-44 TT, IT Between neutral and earth TT, IT I u0 + 250 V for duration 5 s I Occurrence of Gov Between phase and neutral I u0 + 1 200 V for duration up to 5 s I System Maximum values for Gov TT and TN A X U n 250 V for duration 5 s 1 200 V for duration up to 5 s I T
46、he above value is related to a loss of the neutral conductor in the low-voltage system. I I Between phase and earth I IT system Msystem: see note (l1 I safety in the event of SPD failures. An SPD may fail or be destroyed when surges are greater than its designed maxi- mum energy and discharge curren
47、t capability. For the purpose of this Standard, failure modes of SPDs are divided into open-circuit and short-circuit mode. In the open-circuit mode the system to be protected is no longer protected. In this case, failure of an SPD is usually difficult to detect since it has almost no influence on t
48、he system. To ensure that the failed SPD is replaced before the next surge, an indica- tion function may be required. In the short-circuit mode, the system is severely influenced by the failed SPD. The short-circuit current flows through the failed SPD from the power source. Energy dis- sipated duri
49、ng the conduction of short-circuit current may be excessive and cause a fire hazard. The short-circuit withstand capability test of JIS C 5381-1 covers this problem. In cases where the system to be protected has no suitable device to disconnect the failed SPD from its circuit, a suitable disconnecting device may be required to be used in conjunction with a SPD which has