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1、Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 10:24:43 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J IS JAPANESE I NDUSTRIAL STANDARD Translated and Publishe
2、d by Japanese Standards Association Geographic information- Temporal schema ICs 35.240.70 Reference number : JIS X 7108 : 2004 (E) PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT 31 S Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for R
3、esale, 03/12/2007 10:24:43 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- X 7108 : 2004 (IS0 19108 : 2002) Foreword This translation has been made based on the original Japanese Industrial Standard established by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the M
4、inister of Economy, Trade and Industry through deliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee according to the proposal of establishing a Japanese Industrial Standard from Association of Precise Survey and Applied Technology (APA), with a draft of Industrial Standard based on the provi
5、sion of Article 12 Clause 1 of the Industrial Standardization Law. This Standard has been made based on IS0 19108 : 2002 Geographic informution-Temporal schema for the purposes of making it easier to compare this Standard with International Standard; to prepare Japanese Industrial Standard conformin
6、g with International Standard; and to propose a draft of an International Standard which is based on Japanese Industrial Standard. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some parts of this Standard may conflict with a patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility mo
7、del right or application for registration of utility model after opening to the public which have technical properties. The relevant Minister and the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee are not responsible for identifying the patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, ut
8、ility model right or application for registration of utility model after opening to the public which have the said technical properties. Date of Establishment: 2004-03-25 Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2004-03-25 Investigated by: Japanese Industrial Standards Committee Standards Board Te
9、chnical Committee on Information Technology JIS X 7108 : 2004, First English edition published in 2005-05 Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN In the event of any doubts arising as to the contents, the original JIS is to be the
10、 final authority. O JSA2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Japan AT PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyrig
11、ht Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 10:24:43 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- X 7108 : 2004 (IS0 19108 : 2002) Contents Page Introduction . 1 2
12、 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Scope Conformance . Conformance classes and requirements Application Schemas for data transfer Application schema for data with operations . Feature catalogues Metadata element specifications . Metadata for data sets . Normative references T
13、erms, definitions and abbreviated terms Terms and definitions . Abbreviated terms . Conceptual schema for temporal aspects of geographic information . Structure of the schema . Geometry of time . Temporal reference systems Temporal position Time and components of geographic information Annex A (norm
14、ative) Abstract test suite . Annex B (informative) Use of time in application Schemas Annex C (normative) Describing temporal reference systems in metadata Annex D (informative) Description of calendars . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 7 17 23 26 34 36 41 46 Annex E (informative) Bibliography 55 (i P
15、ROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 10:24:43 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD JIS X 7
16、108 : 2004 (IS0 19108 : 2002) Geographic information- Temporal schema Introduction This Japanese Industrial Standard has been prepared based on the first edition of IS0 19108 Geographic information-TemporaZ schema published in 2002 without modifymg the technical contents. This Standard is one of Jap
17、anese Industrial Standards based on a number of standards for geographic information (hereafter re- ferred to as a set of standards for geographic information) relating to ISO/TC 211. The set of standards for geographic information is the standard for the information-pro- cessing technology concerni
18、ng objects or phenomenon directly or indirectly associated with the positions on earth and is applied to digitization of various data about rivers and roads, etc., and sophistication and efficiency of information-processing. Portions underlined with dots are the matters not stated in the original In
19、terna- tional Standard (IS0 19108 Geographic information-Temporal schema). 1 Scope This Standard defines concepts for describing temporal characteristics of geographic information. It provides a basis for defining temporal feature attributes, feature operations, and feature associations, and for def
20、ining the temporal aspects of metadata about geographic information. Since this Standard is concerned with the temporal characteristics of geographic information as they are abstracted from the real world, it emphasizes valid time rather than transaction time. The International Standard correspondin
21、g to this Standard is as fol- lows. In addition, symbols which denote the degree of correspondence in the contents between the relevant International Standard and JIS are IDT (identical), MOD (modified), and NEQ (not equivalent) ac- cording to ISOAEC Guide 21. Remarks : IS0 19108 : 2002 Geographic i
22、nformation-Temporal schema (IDT) 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance classes and requirements This Standard defines five con- formance classes, which depend upon the nature of the test item. 2.2 Application Schemas for data transfer To conform to this Standard, an application schema for data transfer shal
23、l satisfy the requirements of Al of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. 2.3 To conform to this Stan- dard, an application schema that supports operations on data shall satisfy the re- quirements of A.2 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. Application schema for data with operations 2.4 satisfy the
24、 requirements of A.3 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. Feature catalogues To conform to this Standard, a feature catalogue shall PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Res
25、ale, 03/12/2007 10:24:43 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 X 7108 : 2004 (IS0 19108 : 2002) 2.5 To conform to this Standard, a metadata specification shall satisfy the requirements of A.4 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. Metadata element specifications
26、 2.6 set shall satisfy the requirements of A . 5 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. Metadata for data sets To conform to this Standard, metadata for a data 3 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this Standard, constitute provisions of this S
27、tandard. If the indication of the year of publication is given to these referred standards, only the edition of the indicated year constitutes the provision of this Standard but the revision and amendment made thereafter do not apply. The normative references without the indication of the year of co
28、ming into effect or the year of publication apply only to the most recent edition (including amendments). JIS X 0301 Data elements and interchange formats-Information interchange- Representation of dates and times NOTE : IS0 8601 : 2000 Data elements and interchange formats-Information interchange-R
29、epresentation of dates and times is equivalent to the said standard. JIS Z 8202-1 NOTE : IS0 31-1 : 1992 Quantities and units-Part 1 : Space and time is iden- tical with the said standard. JIS Z 8203 SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units NOTE : IS0 10
30、00 : 1992 SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units is identical with the said stan- dard. ISO/IEC 11404 : 1996 Information technology-Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces-Language- independent datatypes Quantities and
31、units-Part 1 : Space and time ISOITS 19103(1) Geographic information-Conceptual schema language IS0 19107 Geographic information-Spatial schema IS0 19109(1) Geographic information-Rules for application schema IS0 191 lO(1) Geographic information-Methodology for feature cataloguing IS0 19111 Geograph
32、ic information-Spatial referencing by coordinates IS0 19115 Geographic information-Metadata Note (1) To be published. 4 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 4.1 and definitions apply. Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Standard, the following terms 4.1.1 calendar fining temporal posi
33、tion to a resolution of one day discrete temporal reference system that provides a basis for de- PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 10:24:43 MDTNo reprod
34、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 3 X 7108 : 2004 (IS0 19108 : 2002) 4.1.2 calendar era a specified event periods of one of the types used in a calendar, counted from 4.1.3 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) time scale maintained by the Inter- national Bureau of Weights and
35、 Measures and the International Earth Rotation Service that forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time signals IITU-R Rec.TF.686-1 (199711 4.1.4 day period having a duration nominally equivalent to the periodic time of the Earths rotation around its axis 4.1.5 ed
36、ge one-dimensional topological primitive (IS0 19107) NOTE : The geometric realization of an edge is a curve. The boundary of an edge is the set of one or two nodes associated to the edge within a topological complex. 4.1.6 event action which occurs at an instant 4.1.7 feature, abstraction of real wo
37、rld phenomena (IS0 19101) NOTE : A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used when only one is meant. Information : Although the term of feature originally indicated the concept of natural and artificial objects on earth, this Standard includes other
38、abstract concept for things in the real world. . 4.1.8 feature association relationship between features (IS0 19109) A feature association may occur as a type or an instance. Feature association type or feature association instance is used when only one is meant. Feature associations include aggrega
39、tion of features. NOTE 1 NOTE 2 Information : The term of aggregate in UML does not include the concept of “shrink and means “collect and combine”. “Aggregate” has been chosen here rather than “consolidatey7. 4.1.9 feature attribute characteristic of a feature (modified IS0 19110) NOTE : A feature a
40、ttribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain asso- ciated to it. 4.1.10 feature division feature succession in which a previously existing feature is replaced by two or more distinct feature instances of the same feature type An instance of the feature type “land parcel” is replaced by two i
41、nstances of the same type when the parcel is legally subdivided. Example: 4.1.11 feature fusion feature succession in which two or more previously exist- ing instances of a feature type are replaced by a single instance of the same feature type PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Ass
42、ociation Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 10:24:43 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 X 7108 : 2004 (IS0 19108 : 2002) Example : Two instances of the feature type “pasture” a
43、re replaced by a single instance when the fence between the pastures is removed. 4.1.12 feature operation operation that every instance of a feature type may per- form (IS0 19110) Example : An operation upon a “darn” is to raise the dam. The results of this operation are to raise the height of the “
44、darn” and the level of wa- ter in a “reservoir7. NOTE : Feature operations provide a basis for feature type definition. 4.1.13 feature substitution feature succession in which one feature instance is replaced by another feature instance of the same or different feature type An instance of feature ty
45、pe “building” is razed and replaced by an instance of feature type “parking lot”. Example : 4.1.14 feature succession replacement of one or more feature instances by other feature instances, such that the first feature instances cease to exist 4.1.15 geometric primitive object representing a single,
46、 connected, homogeneous element of space (IS0 19107) NOTE : Geometric primitives are non-decomposed objects that present infor- mation about geometric configuration. They include points, curves, surfaces, and solids. 4.1.16 Gregorian calendar calendar in general use; first introduced in 1582 to defi
47、ne a year that more closely approximated the tropical year than the Julian cal- endar (see JIS X 0301) The introduction of the Gregorian calendar included the cancellation of the accumulated inaccuracies of the Julian year. In the Gregorian calendar, a calendar year is either a common year or a leap
48、 year; each year is divided into i2 sequential NOTE : 4.1.17 instant O-dimensional geometric primitive representing position in time NOTE : The geometry of time is discussed in 5.2. 4.1.18 interval scale both ordering of values and distances between values scale with an arbitrary origin which can be used to describe Ratios of values measured on an interval scale have no meaning. On the contrary, for the ratio scale, ratios of values are important. For in- stance, while the fact that 2 K is twice as high as 1 K has a certain meaning, the absolute temperature is a ratio scale. It is not s