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1、UDC 628.971.6 JIS JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD Lighting for Roads e I. Translated and Published by Japanese Standards Association Printed in Japan 10 s In the event of any doubt arising, the original Standard in Japanese is to be final authority. JIS Z * L L L 88 I 4933608 0080846 7 W UDC 628.97 1.6
2、 JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD J I S Lighting for Roads Z 9111-1988 1. Scope This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies the qualitative base of lighting for roads exclusive of tunnels. 2. Definitions For the purpose of this Standard, the following definitions apply. Other terms and definitions are i
3、n accordance with JIS Z 8113. Terms Relative to Roads roads Establishments offered to general transit. users of road Walkers and drivers of vehicles, who use roads. general parts or free from intersection and join - branch in traffic. The road parts free from sudden change in width and route, roadwa
4、y width of vehicles. Width of the part of road used exclusively for the passing visual environment Environment visible in a field of view of users of road. Terms Relative to Lighting road surface luminance range of 60 m to 160 m ahead from the position of eye of a driver, Luminance within the width
5、of roadway in the overall uniformity ratio of luminance of uniformity in distribution of road surface luminance which exerts an influence upon how clearly a driver can see the subjects on the road surface. Ratio of luminance giving the degree Applicable Standards: JIS C 8131-Roadway Lighting Fitting
6、s for Traffic Route JIS Z 8113-Glossary of Lighting Terms JIS Z 91 10-Recommended Levels of Illuminantion JIS Z 91 16-Recommendation for Lighting of Traffic Tunnels -,-,- JIS Z*7111 88 W 4733608 0080848 O 2 Z 9111-1988 uniformity ratio of luminance of lane axle Ratio of luminance giving the degree o
7、f uniformity of distribution of the apparent brightness in front of road surface. glare control mark due to the road lighting numerically. Mark giving the degree of control on unpleasant glare As its value is larger, so is smaller the glare. pole lighting method luminaires and arranging the poles al
8、ong the road. Method to illuminate by equipping a pole with high mast lighting method of lighting units by equipping a high mast with luminaires. Method to illuminate a large area from a few lighting method with equipping at structure equipping the structure, which has been constructed on or near th
9、e road, with luminaires directly. Method to illuminate by catenary lighting method line on the road and hanging luminaires. Method to illuminate by stretching a catenary array of luminaires side array, zigzag array, face to face array with the other and the like are included in this. Arraying method
10、 for the luminaires along roads, One arrangement of luminaires decided by the equipping height of luminaires, overhang, angle of inclination and intervals of luminaires. Arrangement method of luminaires to be interval of luminaires luminaires, which has been measured along the center line of the roa
11、d. Horizontal distance between neighboring two one side array Method arraying luminaires at one side of the road. zigzag array road. Method arraying luminaires alternately at both sides of the face to face array face at both sides of the road. Method arraying luminaires so that they are face to 3. P
12、urpose of Lighting for Roads The lighting for roads shall have the purpose to secure a safe and smooth pleasant road traffic by improving the visual environment of users of road at night chiefly. 4. Requirements of Lighting for Roads In designing the lighting for roads, cares shall be taken of the f
13、ollowing lighting requirements according to the kind of users of the road intended for the object of lighting. -,-,- 3 Z 9111-1988 4.1 Requirements for Motorcar Drivers When seeing from the direction of a driver, the road surface luminance shall be high sufficiently and be uniform as far as possible
14、. The roads having drivers of motorcar and moped as the main constituents shall meet the following requirements. (1) (2) The glare of luminaire shall be subject to sufficient restriction so that it will not give the driver unpleasant feeling, (3 (4 4.2 The luminaires shall be arranged and positioned
15、 so that the information of change in route of the front road, presence of special places like the intersection, crossing point, joining point, etc. and the structure of that lane, and the like can be transmitted to the driver without mistake. The lighting facilities shall not impair the road and it
16、s surrounding view. Requirements for Walkers The road being chiefly used by walkers and bicycles, hereinafter referred to as walkers, shall meet following requirements: (1) The illuminance of the road surface seen by walkers shall be high sufficiently and be uniform as far as possible. (2) The road
17、shall be high sufficiently in vertical illuminance and walkers can distinguish one another. (3) The glare of illuminaires shall be sufficiently restricted not to give walkers unpleasant feeling. (4) The light-source colour shall be adequate to the environment and be excellent in colour rendering pro
18、perties. (5) The lighting facilities shall not impair roads and the surrounding scene. 5. Base of Lighting for Road The lighting for road equipped at roads should meet preferably all of the bases specified in each item mentioned below according to kind of users of the road intended for the subject,
19、class of road, traffic, general traveling speed of motorcar, the building condition of other lighting near the road and the like. 5.1 Base of Lighting for Road to Drivers The base of lighting to drivers of each of straight line parts and curved line parts and special places shall be in accordance wi
20、th the following. 5.1.1 Straight Line Part of General Part The base for lighting to the road of straight part of general part shall be as follows: -,-,- J I S ZUSLLL 88 W 4933b08 0080850 9 W 4 Z 9111-1988 (1) Average Road Surface Luminance (L,) The value of average road surface luminance (L,) for th
21、e dried road surface visible from the position of driver shall be maintained at not less than the values given in Attached Table 1 according to the class of the road. measurement of average road surface luminance shall be in accordance with Appendix. The Overall Uniformity Ratio and ( U,) and Lane A
22、xle Uniformity Ratio ( u,) The overall uniformity ratio ( U,) and lane axle uniformity ratio ( r) of the dried road surface when seeing from a driver side shall be not smaller than the values given in Attached Table 1 according to class of roads, Provided that U, shall be ratio ( Lmin/Lr) of the min
23、imum luminance (Lmin ) on the road surface and average road surface luminance (L,) and U, shall be ratio ( LdLi ) of the minimum luminance ( Lz) on the center line of the lane and the maximum luminance ( Li) on the center line of the lane. luminance and the smallest luminance (these shall be referre
24、d to as partial luminance) shall be in accordance with Appendix. The measurement of these largest (3) Glare Control Mark ( G ) I t should be desirable that the glare control mark (G) of the lighting facilities to be calculated according to the following formula becomes not smaller than the values gi
25、ven in Attached Table 1. G =SLI+O. 97 log Lr+4. 41 log h-l. 46 log p where SLI: intrinsic glare index of luminaire Li : average road surface luminance (cd/m2) h : height from the position of eyes of an observer to luminaire, that is: (equipment height of luminaire) -1.5 (m) P: number of luminaires p
26、er one kilometer of road territory (4) Lighting Method as a rule. structure, catenary lighting type, etc. may be used individually or jointly. The lighting method shall be of pole lighting type, Provided that high mast lighting type, type of equipping (5) Light Source The light source to be used sha
27、ll be selected adequately with considering the following items according to class, purpose, locational conditions, etc. e a (a) Overall efficiency including lamp and stabilizer (b) Life and luminous-flux maintenance factor (c) Colour of light source and colour rendering properties 5 Z 9111-1988 (6)
28、Luminaires The luminaires to be used shall be those specified in JIS C 8131 as a rule and the luminaires meeting the restrictive conditions of the glare given in Attached Table 1 according to class of road shall be selected and used. (7) Placing and Array of Luminaires shall be as follows according
29、to width of road and its sectional structure (see Attached Fig. 1). The placing and array of luminaires (a) Height of Luminaires Equipped ( H ) The height of luminaires equipped (H) shall be not less than 10 m as a rule. Provided that where restrictions are required for keeping lighting effects such
30、 as locational relation to road structure and other structures, and prevention of other roads from the glare and where the neighborhood of air port and the like have been restricted by laws and ordinance, this rule is excepted. The height (23) of luminaires equipped of the consecutive road equal in
31、width of lane shall be invariable as a rule. (b) Array of Luminaires The array of luminaire shall be as follows: Select and use an adequate arrangement from among one side arrangement, zigzag arrangement and facing each other arrangement according to sectional structure of road, width of roadway par
32、t (W) and luminous intensity distribution of luminaires. These may be combined according to sectional structure of road and width of roadway part (W). (c) Overhang ( Oh) of Luminaire of luminaire is kept short as far as possible. Provided that where the trees stand so close together along the road t
33、hat they shade the light of the lighting for road, this rule is excepted. shall be constant as a rule. It is advisable that the overhang (Olt) The overhang ( o h ) at the lighting facilities for a cosecutive road (d) Angle of Inclination of Luminaires ( e ) of luminaires shall be zero and over to fi
34、ve degrees incl. as a rule. The angle of inclination ( 8 ) (e) Interval of Luminaires (s) The interval of luminaires (SI shall meet the base of overall uniformity ratio ( U,) and lane axle uniformity ratio ( U&), which are given in 5.1.1. (2), according to the height equipped ( H ) and array of lumi
35、naires. 5.1.2 Curved Part of General Part The base of lighting for roads of the curved part (1) of general part shall be as follows: Note (l) The curved part is referred to as the part of road of 1000 m and under in radius of curvature. (1) General Base of Lighting luminaires and interval of luminai
36、res ( S ) shall be in accordance with 5.1.1 as appropriate. The base of lighting except array of J I S Z*LLL 88 4933bB 0080852 2 6 Z 9111-1988 (2) Array and Interval ( S ) of Luminaires The array of luminaires at the curved part shall be reduced as compared with the intervals of the straight line pa
37、rt according to the array of luminaires of the straight line part connecting with this, hereinafter referred to as straight line part, and the interval ( S ) of luminaires shall be reduced as compared with the interval of straight line part according to its radius of curvature. At curved parts with
38、very small radius of curvature or at sudden flexures, cares shall be taken not to misjudge the existence of sudden curved part or flexure and the changing condition of route of road due to the array of luminaires at the same time of reducing the interval of luminaires (S). 5.1.3 Special Places accor
39、dance with 5.1.1, as appropriate. mentioned in the following (1) to (9) shall comply with the following requirements: The base of lighting for special places shall be in Provided that the special places as (1) Crossing, Confluence Separation Points The arrangement and array of the luminaires in the
40、neighbourhood of crossing, confluence and separation points of road shall be such that motor drivers (approaching to the crossing at the same time with illuminating the front in the running direction of motorcars being in course of changing the direction in addition to general effects of the lightin
41、g for road) can confirm visually the existence of a crossing and the presence and running condition of other motorcars approaching to the crossing from a place sufficiently ahead. Example of basic arrangement of luminaires at simple crossing point is shown in Attached Fig. 2. In arranging and arrayi
42、ng luminaires at crossing or confluence separation points complicated in route structure, it is advisable to investigate the arrangement of luminaires by perspective drawings from each point of the road approaching to these so that motor drivers approaching to these will not misunderstand route, adv
43、ancing direction, traffic signals and others. (2) Cross Footwalk In arranging and arraying the luminaires in the neighbourhood of cross footwalk, cares shall be taken so that motor drivers can confirm visually the state of walkers during crossing and walkers starting to cross the road. Attached Fig.
44、 3 gives an example of standard arrangement of luminaires at a cross-footwalk. (3) Bridge The luminaires to be equipped at the road connecting with this bridge shall be used correspondingly. to harmonize with the structure and design of bridge can be used, as required. Provided that the luminous int
45、ensity distribution shall be in accordance with JIS C 8131, as appropriate. Provided that the luminaires easy (4) Rail Road Crossing The standard arrangement of luminaires in the railroad crossing and its neighbourhood where the lighting has been equipped at the road before and behind the crossing s
46、hall be in accordance with 5.1.3 (Z), as appropriate. taken so that the luminaires to be used will give the train men of rail road rolling stock the least glare. Provided that cares shall be -,-,- (5 (7 7 Z 9111-1988 Grade Separation Part and its neighbouring road shall be in accordance with 5.1.1 a
47、nd 5.1.2, as appropriate. for plural cross roads will not give motor drivers passing the grade separation part unpleasant glare or will not guide the wrong route. Where tunnels or structures equivalent thereto exist at the grade separation part, JIS Z 9116 shall be applied correspondingly. The base
48、of lighting for grade separation part Provided that cares shall be taken so that the lighting Place Changing Suddenly in Width luminaires in the neighbourhood of a place changing suddenly in road The arrangement and array of width, especially a place decreasing in width of road shall be such that th
49、e motor driver can confirm visually and sufficiently the state of a place changing suddenly in width in addition to general effects of the lighting for road from a remote distance. Place Changing Suddenly in Route luminaires in the neighbourhood of a place changing suddenly in plane route shall be in accordance with 5.1.2 as appropriate. The array of luminaires in the neighbourhood of a place changing suddenl