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1、J I S ZU9202 91 4933608 0505443 376 m e I e e I 0 JIS JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD General rules for heat balance Translated and Published by Japanese Standards Association UDC 662.614 Printed in Japan 14 S Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS E
2、mployees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S ZX202 91 D 4933b08 0505442 202 In the event of any doubt arising, the original Standard in Japanese is to be final authority. Copyright Japanese St
3、andards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S ZW7202 91 4933b08 0505443 147 = JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD General rules
4、for heat balance UDC 662.614 J I S Z 9202-1991 1. Scope This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies the general rules of method in the case where the heat balance is conducted for industrial equipment using heat, fuel and electrical heating. Remarks: The units and numerical values given in in this S
5、tandard are based on the traditional units and are appended for informative reference. 2. Definitions The definitions of main terms to be used in this Standard shall be as follows. (1) heat balance To investigate the amount of heat, heat equivalent of fuel and electric power supplied to equipment an
6、d their using state and clarify the relation between heat input and heat output. (2) sensible heat material bodies at equal pressure. Amount of heat to be used for temperature change of (3) latent heat of mtter at equal pressure. Amount of heat to be expended for the change of phase Informative refe
7、rence : The heat of vaporization, heat of melting , heat of sublimation, etc. correspond to this. (4) heat of reaction chemical reaction in equipment. Amount of heat to be generated or absorbed in (5) higher calorific vlaue has been combusted completely by air saturated by steam. Remarks : Total amo
8、unt of heat generated when the fuel This higher calorific value includes the heat of vaporization of steam generated by burning (sum of steam of water content in fuel and steam formed by burning) but does not include the heat of vaporization of steam in air. (6) lower calorific value value by subtra
9、cting the heat of vaporization of steam generated by burning C see Remarks of ( 5 11 . Amount of heat obtained from higher calorific 3. Reference of heat balance The reference when heat balance is conducted shall comply with the following . (1) Reference temperature The reference temperature of heat
10、 balance shall be, in general, the atmospheric temperature. If circumstances require to adopt OC or other temperature as reference, this effect must be described clearly. Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS
11、 Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- JIS Z.X202 91 m 4933b08 0505444 085 m 2 2 9202-1991 4. (2) Calorific value of fuel As for the calorific value of fuel, the lower calorific value shall be, in general, used. If the circumsta
12、nces require to use the higher calorific value, this effect must be de- scribed clearly. water content at use. The calorifc value shall be the value at the state of Further, the lower calorific value shall be calculated by the following formula from the higher calorific value. (a) In the case of sol
13、id and liquid fuels Herein, Hh represents the higher calorific vlaue, HL the lower calorific value, h and w the content (mass %) of hydrogen and moisture in fuel in each. (b) In the case of gaseous fuel h,+T2ycxh,+w) 1 kJ/m3n Herein, h, cXhy and w represent the contents (volume 8) of hydrogen, hydro
14、carbon and steam in fuel in each. (3) Combustion air The composition of atmospheric air to be used as combustion air shall be oxygen (O2) 21 %, nitrogen (N2) 79 % in volume ratio, oxygen (O2) 23 Os, nitrogen (N2) 77 % in mass ratio. State of equipment to be conducted with heat balance The state of e
15、quipment to be conducted with heat balance shall be the steady state for equipment to conduct continuous operation and shall be the state of total process or indicated partial process of operation for equipment to conduct batch operation. 5. Method of heat balance and indication of results The metho
16、d of heat balance and indication of results shall be as follows. (1) Unit quantities to be used for heat balance For the heat balance, calculate the heat input and heat output per unit time of operation of equipment to be the object or per unit quantity of used fuel (1 kg for solid and liquid fuels,
17、 1 m 3 for gaseous fuel) or per unit quantity of raw material or product and indicate the results in the table of heat balance of (3). In every case, the value having been taken as unit quantity must be shown clearly. (2) Setting of range of heat balance and heat input and output the heat balance is
18、 conducted, divide the equipment to be object on flow sheet (see Fig. 1) , calculate the amount of heat or electric power entering and outgoing through the boundary line based on When e e a e Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/111111
19、1001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S Z*9202 92 4933608 0505445 T I 1 3 Z 9202-1991 measured values and arrange in two items of heat input and heat output. However, the quantity of electric power 1 kW
20、h shall be taken as 3600 kJ 860 kcal. Take as heat input the amount of heat entering in the equipment to be conducted with heat balance from outside (calorific value of fuel, sensible heat by preheating, etc.), amount of electric power and heat of reaction generated by chemical reaction in equipment
21、, latent heat by change of state, etc. Take as heat output the amount of heat going out to outside of equipment to be conducted with heat balance (holding heat of heated matter, sensible heat of exhaust gas, radiated heat, etc) amount of electric power and heat of reaction absorbed by chemical react
22、ion in equipment as well as other amounts of heat. The heat of vaporization of steam contained in air to be used for combustion see Remarks of 2 . (5).3 shall not be included in heat input and heat output. by combustion in combustion gas see Remarks of 2. (5). 1 is not taken as heat output in the ca
23、se where the lower calorific value is used but is taken as heat output in the case where the higher calorific value is used. The heat of vaporization of steam generated (3) Table of heat balance Represent the heat input and heat output of every item by numerical quantity and percentage (%) to the su
24、m of heat inputs and outputs and arrange in a table (see Table 1). Moreover, append the circulating heat as a separate item. Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo rep
25、roduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S Z*9202 91, 4933b08 0505446 958 Fig. 1. Exemplification of range of heat balance 7.- El A i r preheater -. I Electric power for accessories 3 - - m I 1 Boundary line -.P a , ! + o) u rd CG Blown in furnace steam d .,+ O A Calculat
26、ing point of fuel sensitive heat and calorific vlaue B Calculating point of sensitive heat of combustion air C Calculating point of sensitive heat of feed water E Claculating point of amount of electric power for accessories F Calculating point of holding heat of combustion gas G Calculating point o
27、f holding heat of superheated steam D Calculating point of drag-in heat of blown in furnace steam Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking per
28、mitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S Z*9202 91 I 433h08 0505447 894 W 5 Z 9202-1991 Table 1. Table of heat balance Heat input I kJ / kg kcal / kg 1 Calorific value of fuel Sensible heat of fuel Sensible heat of air Sensible heat of feed water Drag-in heat of blown in furnace steam Amount of h
29、eat corresponding to amount of electric power of accessories I Sum Heat output kJ/ kgkcal/ kg) Holding heat of generated steam Heat loss by exhaust gas Heat loss by incomplete combustion Heat loss by blown in furnace steam Heat loss by radiative thermal conduction and others Sum 9 100 % 100 Circulat
30、ing heat kJ / kg kcal/ kg 1 % Remarks 1. 2. Take as circulating heat the amount of heat circulating in equipment. Take as amount of drag-in heat of blown in furnace steam the enthalpy of blown in steam in the state at entrance port subtracted with enthalpy of water (or steam) at reference temperatur
31、e. Take as amount of heat loss by blown in furnace steam the enthalpy of steam in exhaust gas subtracted with enthalpy of water (or steam) at reference temperature. 3. Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS No
32、t for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- JIS ZJ9202 91 W 4933608 0505448 720 6 Z 9202-1991 Informative reference 1. Heat balance of boiler This Informative reference supplements the matters relating to the specifications of the main
33、body and is not a part of specifications. 1 . Summary of equipment Type of boiler Maximum amount of continuous evaporation : t/h Maximum working pressure (gauge pressure) : MPakgf/cm2 Working pressure (gauge pressure) : MPa kgf/cm2 Superheating (reheating) temperature : OC Method of combustion Venti
34、lation met hod Heating surface area : I I - ? Boiler and water cooled wall Superheater Reheater Economizer Combustion chamber volume : m3 2. Reference of heat balance (1) Atmospheric temperature : OC (2) Classification of fuel Lower calorific value : kJ/kg kcal/kg Higher calorific vlaue : kJ I kg kc
35、al/ kg) (3) Unit quantity of heat balance (4) State of equipment Form of operation Load Radiative reheating super- critical pressure once-through type (outdoor style) 1950 263 268) 250 255) 541 5681 Burning exclusively for crude oil Pressure ventilation method 6175 7470 10920 15290 6858 24 Crude oil
36、 41280 9860) 44210 lo560 Fuel 1 kg Steady operation Rated load Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-
37、,- o J I S Z*202 91 4933b08 0505449 bb7 7 Z 9202-1991 n E u Lo c .A id z h alcu ? W .A u u u 3 ala Luu Lu3 w o a a ) Fr, r p z -0 u o q , c 1 k .A 4 um id a l + ald ?- .A u u u 3 ala w u w 3 w o Ch E . a 4 .rl O Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=
38、IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S Z*Z02 3 1 4933bO8 0505450 389 Heat input (1) Calorific value of fuel ( 2 ) Sensible heat of fuel (3) Sensible heat of air 8 Z 9202-1991 kJ / k
39、g kca 1 / kg % 97.87 (98.00) 67 16 0.16 (0.15) 829 1 9 8 1.96 (1.84) 41282 (44213) (9860 (10560) 4. Table of heat balance Lower (hgiher) calorific value reference 1 56) ( 7 6 ( 8 5 ) ) 42182 (45113) 10075 (10775) 0.75 (0.79) 100.00 4 (1) I ( 4 ) Drag-in heat of blown in furnace steam Circulating hea
40、t I ( 5 ) Amount of heat corresponding to work of accessories kJ/kg (kcal/kg) % I 0.01 (0.01) Boiler efficiency (1) Heat input-output method SUm I42182 (45113) (10075 (10775) I 100.00 % 94.38 (88.24) u m al c al .d Y u 0 5 ala w u w 3 w o Heat output Holding heat of main steam (+ side) Holding heat
41、of feed water (- side) Holding heat of re- heated steam (+ side) Holding heat of low temperature reheated steam (- side) ( 3 ) Heat loss by exhaust gas ( 4 ) Heat loss by incomplete combustion ( 5 ) Heat loss by blown in furnace steam ( 6 ) Heat loss due to radiation ( 7 ) Other heat loss SUm kJ/kgk
42、cal/kg % I 31807 (7597) 8005 (1912) i 75.40 (70.50) I 18.98 (17.74) 1964 (4857) (469 (1160) I 4.66 (10.77) I - I 0.01 (0.01) 84 20) I 0.20 (0.19) 3 8 Regenerative air preheater circulating heat 3542 846 1 8.40 (7.85) ( 2 ) Heat loss method 94.38 (88.24) Remarks 1 . I The effective heat output repres
43、ents the amount of absorbed heat of water and steam and has taken the difference between the holding heat of main steam (reheated steam) and holding heat of feed water (low temperature reheated steam). As for the amount of heat of blown in furnace steam, the enthalpy of steam at atmospheric temperat
44、ure has been taken as reference. 2. Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:57:45 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S ZX202 92 m 4933b08
45、 05054511 215 m I 9 Z 9202-1991 Informative reference 2. Heat balance of continuous steel heating furnace This informative reference supplements the matters relating to specifi- cations of body and is not a part of specifications. 1. Summary of equipment Type of heating furnace 6 range style walking
46、 beam type Dimensions of furnace 9800 mm (width) x 32000 mm (effective length of furnace) Dimensions of standard material 1020 mm (width) x 242 mm (thickness) Standard capacity 225 t/h x 8000 (length) Used fuels Types of burners Preheating range and heating range : mixed excessive gas (coke oven gas
47、 + blast furnace gas) Soaking range : low sulfur, C crude oil For crude oil : steam atomizing external mixing ( side burner) For excessive gas : nozzle mix type (side burner, overhead burner) Skid cooling Transient sea water type Recuperator 2. Reference of heat balance (1) Reference temperature (2)
48、 Calorific value of fuel (Hi) (3) Unit quantity of heat (4) State of equipment balance Dimensions of steel charge Mass of steel charge Amount of treated steel charge Amount of steel charge in furnace Temperature of extracted steel State of operation Stack type, combustion air preheating temperature 5OOOC (maximum) OC (atmospheric temperature 35OC) Mixed gas 11 800 kJ/n1SN