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1、IB 4-87 6470247 000403 br NEMA STANDARDS PUBLICATION NO. IB 4 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION W 21 O1 L STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037 -,-,- Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2101 L Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 O 1988 by National Electrical Manufac
2、turers Association 404 IB 4 DETERMINATION OF AMEREHOUR AND WATTHOUR CAPACITY OF LEAD-ACID INDUSTRIAL STORAGE BATTERIES FOR STATIONARY SERVICE -,-,- TABLEOFCONTENTS Page FOREWORD i SCOPE . i Section 1 REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINTIONS . 1 Referenced Standards . 1 Section 2 PERFORMANCE 1 Performance
3、 Requirements . 1 Definitions 1 Section 3 TEST CONDITIONS . 2 Dry Uncharged or Dry Charged Batteries State of Charge 2 Voltage . 2 Electrolyte Levels 2 Electrical Connections . 2 Specific Gravity 2 Sequence of Readings . 2 Test Equipment 2 2 Temperature . 2 Section 4 TEST METHODS 3 Constant Current
4、. 3 Constant Power 5 -,-,- Oh L c Foreword The purpose of this Standards Publication is to provide the users and manufacturers of lead-acid industrial storage batteries for stationary applications a standard testing pro- cedure to determine constant power and constant current performance. User input
5、 has been considered throughout the development of this Standards Pubkation. This standard has been developed by the Industrial Battery and Charger Section of NEMA which periodically reviews it for any revisions necessary to keep it up-to-date with advan- cing technology. Comments or proposed revisi
6、ons are welcomed and should be submitted to: Manager, Engineering Department National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2101 L Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 This 1987 edition revises and supersedes IB 4-1979. -,-,- B Y-7 b Y7 OZ Y 7 O001 Y 0 7 3 1 Scope This Standards Publication covers per
7、formance requirements, test conditions, and methods for determining the capacity of lead-acid industrial storage batteries for stationary service when installed as a source of standby power. ii -,-,- I8 4-7 6470247 ooo140 5 r t IB 4-1987 Page 1 DETERMINATION OF AMPEREHOUR AND WATTHOUR CAPACITY FOR S
8、TATIONARY SERVICE Section 1 REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS OF LEAD-ACID INDUSTRIAL STORAGE BATTERIES 1.1 REFERENCED STANDARDS The following publication is adopted in whole or in part, as indicated, by reference in this Standards Publication. National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2101 L
9、 Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 IB 1-1982 Dejnitions and Precautionary Labels for Lead-Acid Industrial Storage Batteries 1.2 DEFINITIONS . The terms contained in this Standards Publication shall be defined in accordance with NEMA I B 1 as applicable. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. Section 2 PERFORMA
10、NCE 2.1 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 2.1.2 A new battery shall deliver a minimum of 90 per- cent of its rated capacity (85 percent if d q charged or dry uncharged) when tested in accordance with Section 4. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 2.1.3 The useful life of a battery shall be completed when the rated cap
11、acity falls below 80 percent, when tested in accordance with 4.1 and 4.2. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. The following performance requirements shall apply: 2.1 . 1 The manufacturers published ratings shall be us- ed to determine the capacity of a complete battery or of cells that are selected to represe
12、nt the complete battery. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. -,-,- - - I6 4-83 1 6470247 0001409 7T IB 4-1987 Page 2 Section 3 TEST CONDITIONS 3.1 DRY UNCHARGED OR DRY CHARGED BATTERIES A dry uncharged or dry charged battery shall be filled with electrolyte and charged in accordance with the manufacturers pub
13、lished instructions. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.2 STATE OF CHARGE Batteries shall be fully charged in accordance with the manufacturers published instructions prior to the start of the test discharge. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.3 VOLTAGE The final discharge voltage of the battery shall equal the s
14、pecified final voltage per cell times the number of cells. The battery voltage shall be measured at the post of the terminal cells, excluding the battery terminal cables, but including cell-to-cell connectors. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.4 ELECTROLYTE LEVELS with the manufacturers published instruct
15、ions. The electrolyte level shall be adjusted in accordance NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.5 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS All electrical connections shall be made in accordance with the manufacturers published instructions and shall be clean and tight. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.6 TEMPERATURE The electrolyt
16、e temperature during charging shall be within the range of 65F (18.3“C) through 115F (46.1 O C ) . The ambient temperature during a test discharge shall be within the range of 63 O F (17.2“C) through 91 O F (32.8 OC). The electrolyte temperature of all cells at the start of a test discharge shall be
17、 within the range of 63 O F (17.2 “Cl through 91 O F (32.8“C). NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. The cell-to-cell temperature variation should not exceed Authorized Engineering Information 11-19-1987. 6F (3.3OC). 3.7 SPECIFIC GRAVITY The specific gravity of the electrolyte of a fully charged battery, when c
18、orrected to 77 O F (25 O C ) and with the electrolyte at the maximum level, shall be within the range shown on the battery nameplate or in the manufac- turers published instructions. If the specific gravity of the electrolyte of any fully charged cell is not within the specified range just prior to
19、starting tests, the electrolyte shall be adjusted in accordance with the manufacturers published instructions. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. The specific gravity of the electrolyte may be corrected to a temperature of 77 O F (25 O C ) by adding 0.001 specific gravity units (one point) to the specific gr
20、avity reading for every 3 O F (1.67“C) of electrolyte temperature above 77 O F (25 O C ) and by subtracting a like amount for every 3 O F (1.67 O C ) below 77 O F (25 O C ) . Authorized Engineering Information 11-19-1987. 3.8 SEQUENCE OF READINGS All voltage, specific gravity, and temperature readin
21、gs shall be taken from the positive terminal cell to the negative terminai cell, recorded in series, and numbered. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.9 TEST EQUIPMENT and calibrated. All equipment shall be clean, in good working order, 3.9.1 Thermometers Thermometers shall be graduated so that each scale d
22、ivi- sion will represent not more than 2 O F (i. 1 O C ) and shall have an accuracy of at least plus or minus 1 O F (0.56 OC). NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.9.2 Hydrometers Hydrometers shall be graduated so that each scale divi- sion will represent not more than 0.005 units of specific gravity (5 poin
23、ts) and shall have an accuracy of at least plus or minus 0.0025 units of specific gravity. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.9.3 Voltmeters Meter accuracy shall be a minimum of 0.5 percent of full-scale value with a minimum resistance of loo0 ohms per volt. The range of the voltmeter used shall be such th
24、at nor- mal values will be indicated in the upper one-third of the scale. Galvanometer-type voltmeter graduations shall be in ac- cordance with Table 3-1. NEMA Standard 11-19-1 987. -,-,- IB 4-7 6470247 O O O L 4 L O 3 IB 4-1987 Page 3 Table 3-1 VOLTMETER GRADUATIONS GALVANOMETER-TY PE Voltage Range
25、, Maximum Voltage Per Volts Scale Division, Volts be used with an appropriate shunt so that current readings will fall in the upper third of the meter scale. The meter and shunt, including shunt leads, shall have an accuracy of at least 0.5 percent of full-scale value. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.9.
26、5 The size of the shunt used during a discharge sha have a current rating between the discharge rate and 1.5 times the discharge rate in amperes. The accuracy of shunts shall be within 0.5 percent of full value. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. o to 3 3 to 15 15 to 75 75 to 150 0.02 o. 1 0.2 1 .o 3.9.6 Tim
27、ing devices shall be accurate within plusror- minus one-half percent of the specified discharge time. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 3.9.4 Galvanometer-tYPe amneters shall be graduated to have a minimum of 100 scale divisions. Ammeters shall Section 4 TEST METHODS 4.1 CONSTANT CURRENT The following test
28、methods shall apply to determine ac- tual capacity to a final voltage when batteries are discharg- ed at a constant current, or if a particular percentage of rated capacity is equalled or exceeded. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 4.1 .l shall be recorded just prior to the start of discharge. The float vol
29、tage and specific gravity of all cells NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. When the battery design does not permit readings to be made on individual cells, the manufacturer should be consulted. Authorized Engineering information I 1-19-1987. 4.1.2 The specific gravity and temperature of every sixth cell of a
30、complete battery, or of all cells selected to represent a complete battery, shall be recorded just prior to the start of the discharge (see 3.8). NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. When the battery design does not permit readings to be made on individual cells, the manufacturer should be consulted. Authorize
31、d Engineering information 11-19-1987. 4.1.3 The charger shall be disconnected from the bat- tery prior to the test discharge. NEMA Standard 11-1 9-1 987. 4.1.4 When all of the requirements of 3.1 through 3.9 and 4.1.1 through 4.1.3 have been met, the test discharge shall be initiated. NEMA Standard
32、1 1-1 9-1 987. 4.1.5 When the average electrolyte temperature, as determined in 4.1.2, is not 77 O F (25 O C ) , a correction fac- tor as shown in Table 4-1 or Table 4-2 shall be applied. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 4.1.6 The test discharge shall be conducted with a con- stant current load equal to th
33、e manufacturers rating of the battery for the selected duration and final voltage. 4.1.6.1 For a test duration one hour or less, the discharge cur- TEST LENGTH ONE HOUR OR LESS rent shall be corrected for temperature as follows: Rated Amperes Discharge Amperes = Kt Where K, is the discharge current
34、correction factor for the initial average electrolyte temperature, as shown in Table 4- 1. -,-,- IB 4-1987 Page 4 Table 4-1 DISCHARGE RATE CORRECTION FACTORS STANDARD 77F (25C) FOR TEST DURATIONS OF ONE HOUR OR LESS Kt FOR TEMPERATURES AT VARIANCES TO Table 4-2 FOR TEMPERATURES AT VARIANCES TO STAND
35、ARD 77F (25 O C ) FOR TEST DURATIONS GREATERTHANONEHOUR DISCHARGE TIME CORRECTION FACTORS Kt Initiai Temperature Factor & (OF) (“0 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.3 18.9 19.4 20.0 20.6 21.1 21.7 22.2 22.8 23.4 23.9 24.5 2
36、5 .O 25.6 26.1 26.7 27.2 27.8 28.3 28.9 29.4 30.0 30.6 31.1 31.6 32.2 32.8 33.4 1.098 1 .o92 1 .O86 1 .O80 1 .O72 1.064 1 .O56 1 .O48 1 .o40 1 .o34 1 .O29 1 .O23 1.017 1 .o1 1 1 .o06 1 .o00 0.994 0.987 0.980 0.976 0.972 0.968 0.964 0.960 0.956 0.952 0.948 0.944 O. 940 0.938 0.936 K, Factor for Disch
37、arge T i e Initiai Temperature Above 1 Hr. Above 3 Hrs. ( O D (“0 through3Hrs. through8Hrs. 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.3 18.9 19.4 20.0 20.6 21.1 21.7 22.2 22.8 23.4 23.9 24.5 25.0 25.6 26.1 26.7 27.2 27.8 28.3 28.9
38、29.4 30.0 30.6 31.1 31.6 32.2 32.8 33.4 1 .O63 1 .O59 1 .O55 1 .O50 1 .O46 1 .o42 1.038 1.033 1 .O29 1 .o25 1.021 1.016 1.012 1 .O08 1 .o04 1 .o00 0.997 0.994 0.991 0.988 0.985 0.983 0.980 0.977 0.974 0.971 0.968 0.966 0.963 0.960 0.957 1 .O45 1 .o42 1.039 1 .O36 1 .O33 1 .O30 1 .O27 1 .O24 1 .o21 1
39、.018 1 .O15 1 .o12 1 .o09 1 .o06 1 .O03 1 .o00 0.998 0.996 O. 994 0.992 0.990 0.988 0.986 0.984 0.982 0.980 O. 979 0.977 0.975 0.973 0.971 -,-,- IB 4-7 6470247 OOOL4L2 7r 4.1.6.2 TEST LENGTH GREATER THAN ONE HOUR For a test duration greater than one hour, the discharge time shall be corrected for te
40、mperature as follows: Rated Time Discharge Time = TJ Where K, is the discharge time correction for the in- itial average electrolyte temperature as shown in Table NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 4-2. The manufacturer should be consulted for discharges Authorized Engineering Information 11-19-1987. longer
41、than eight hours. 4.1.7 The discharge current shall be maintained within plus or minus 1 percent of the selected ampere discharge rate until: 4.1.7.1 The battery terminal voltage falls to a value equal to the minimum specified average voltage per cell times the number of cells (actual capacity), or
42、4.1.7.2 The temperature corrected discharge time has elapsed, but battery terminal voltage is greater than the specified minimum. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 4.1.8 Individual cell voltages and battery terminal voltages shall be monitored throughout the test duration. At the end of the discharge period
43、 (see 4.1.7.1 and 4.1.7.2) prior to disconnecting the load, individual cell voltages and battery terminal voltage shall be recorded. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 4.1.9 If an individual cell is approaching reversal of its polarity (plus 1 V or less), but the terminal voltage has not yet reached its lowe
44、r test limit, the test should be continued with a jumper across the weak cell. The jumper connection should be made away from the cell to avoid arcing near the cell. The new minimum terminal voltage should be determined based on the remaining cells. Any cell removed from the test should be considere
45、d as not having met the performance requirements. Authorized Engineering Information 11-19-1987. 4 . 1 .IO At the completion of the test discharge, the temperature and specific gravity of the electrolyte of every sixth cell shall be recorded where there are more than 12 cells discharged in one circu
46、it. NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. IB 4-1987 Page 5 4.1.11 with the manufacturers instructions. The battery shall be recharged in accordance NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. 4 . 1 .I 2 The battery capacity shall be determined as follows: 4 . 1 . 1 2 . 1 TEST LENGTH ONE HOUR OR LESS ta Percent Capacity at 77F (2
47、5C) = - X 100 tr Where - ta is the actual duration of the test to the mini- mum specified terminal voltage (see 4.1.7. i). t, is the rated time to final voltage. 4 . 1 .I 2 . 2 TEST LENGTH GREATER THAN ONE HOUR ta Percent Capacity at 77F (25C) = - X 100 t C Where - ta is the actual duration of the t
48、est to the mini- mum specified terminal voltage (see 4.1.7.1). tc is the temperature corrected time to minimum specified terminal voltage(see 4.1.7.2). NEMA Standard 11-19-1987. The manufacturer should be consulted for discharges Authorized Engineering Information 11-19-1987. longer than eight hours. 4 . 1 .I3 If the battery fails to meet the requirements of 2.1.3, the battery shall be retested in accordance with the test conditions and test meth