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1、NFPA 450 Guide for Emergency Medical Services and Systems 2004 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPALicensee=Purdue University/5923082001 Not fo
2、r Resale, 11/02/2006 02:49:06 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA DOCUMENTS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, of whi
3、ch the document contained herein is one, are de- veloped through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues.
4、 While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the develop- ment of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its codes and standards. The NFPA disclaims liabilit
5、y for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or comp
6、leteness of any information published herein. In issuing and making this document available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. An
7、yone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with th
8、e contents of this document. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the respo
9、nsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPALicensee=Purdue University/5923082001 Not for Resale, 11/02/2006 02:49:06 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ADDITIONAL N
10、OTICES AND DISCLAIMERS Updating of NFPA Documents Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendme
11、nts. An offi- cial NFPA document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuan
12、ce of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire Codes Subscription Service, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed below. Interpretations of NFPA Documents A sta
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18、 use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of safe practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to this d
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21、cuments, contact NFPA at the address below. For Further Information All questions or other communications relating to NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides and all requests for information on NFPA procedures governing its codes and standards development process, including informat
22、ion on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA documents during regular revision cycles, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterym
23、arch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPALicensee=Purdue University/5923082001 Not for Resale, 11/02/2006 02:49:06 MSTNo reproduction
24、 or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2004, National Fire Protection Association, All Rights Reserved NFPA 450 Guide for Emergency Medical Services and Systems 2004 Edition This edition of NFPA 450, Guide for Emergency Medical Services and Systems, was prepared by the Tec
25、hnical Committee on Emergency Medical Services and acted on by NFPA at its May Association Technical Meeting held May 2326, 2004, in Salt Lake City, UT. It was issued by the Standards Council on July 16, 2004, with an effective date of August 5, 2004. This edition of NFPA450 was approved as anAmeric
26、an National Standard onAugust 5, 2004. Origin and Development of NFPA 450 In January 1999, the NFPAStandards Council considered NFPAs role in Emergency Medi- cal Services (EMS).After a review of extensive information submitted on the need for such a project, the council voted to create a new EMS pro
27、ject to address EMS-related topics not presently covered by other existing NFPAprojects.Aforum on EMS was scheduled at the May 1999Association meeting in Baltimore, MD. In June of 1999, NFPAheld a focus group meet- ing to further discuss NFPAs role in EMS.Arequest for persons interested in being mem
28、bers of this new project was sent out, and a Technical Committee was formed. The first meeting of the Technical Committee was held in Tampa, FL, to discuss what specific projects the Techni- cal Committee wanted to address. NFPA 450, Guide for Emergency Medical Services and Systems, was developed to
29、 assist individuals, agencies, organizations, or systems, as well as those inter- ested or involved in Emergency Medical Service system design, by providing EMS guidelines and recommendations. 4501 Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPALicensee=Purdue
30、University/5923082001 Not for Resale, 11/02/2006 02:49:06 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Technical Committee on Emergency Medical Services Jack J. Krakeel, Chair Fayette County Fire 1992. 2.3.3 FEMA Publications.Federal Emergency Management Agency, 500 C St
31、reet, S.W., Washington, DC 20402. Civil Preparedness Guide (CPG). National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). 2.3.4 NHTSA Publications.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,400SeventhStreet,S.W.,Washington,DC20590. Delbridge, T. R., et al., “Emergency Medical Services:Agenda for the Fu
32、ture.”August 1996. DOT HS 808-441, NTS-42. National EMS Education and Practice Blueprint. NHTSA Uniform Prehospital Data Set. 2.3.5 NIH Publication.National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. Pub. No. 93-3304, Staffing and Equipping EMS Systems: Rapid Identification and T
33、reatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Na- tional Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, September 1993. Chapter 3Definitions 3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter apply to the terms used in this guide. Where terms are not included, common usage of the terms applies. 3.2 NFPA Official
34、Definitions. 3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic- tion. 3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.
35、 3.2.3 Guide. Adocument that is advisory or informative in na- ture and that contains only nonmandatory provisions. A guide may contain mandatory statements such as when a guide can be used, but the document as a whole is not suitable for adoption into law. 3.2.4 Should.Indicates a recommendation or
36、 that which is advised but not required. 4505DEFINITIONS 2004 Edition Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPALicensee=Purdue University/5923082001 Not for Resale, 11/02/2006 02:49:06 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,
37、-,- 3.2.5 Standard. A document, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate re- quirements and which is in a form generally suitable for manda- tory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law.Nonmandatoryprovisionsshallbelocatedina
38、nappendixor annex, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard. 3.3 General Definitions. 3.3.1 Address. A number or other code and the street name identifying a location. 3.3.2 Alarm.A signal or message from a person or device indicating the exi
39、stence of an emergency or other situation that requires immediate action. 3.3.3 Ambulance. Avehicle designed, equipped, and operated for the treatment and transport of ill and injured persons. 3.3.4 Ambulance Service. An organization that exists to pro- vide patient transportation by ambulance. 3.3.
40、5 American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP).A national organization of emergency medical physicians. 3.3.6 Arrival. The point at which a vehicle is stopped on the scene of a response destination or address. 3.3.7 Automated Vehicle Locator (AVL).A computerized mapping system used to track the l
41、ocation of vehicles. 3.3.8 Bloodborne Pathogens. Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause diseases in humans. 1581:1.3 3.3.9 Call. A request for assistance to which equipment and personnel are deployed. 3.3.10 Call Intake. The procedure for answering the phone or other
42、 device that is used to receive a signal or message from a person or device indicating the need for medical assistance, learning the nature of the emergency, and verifying the ad- dress of the emergency. 3.3.11 Call Processing.The interval from call intake by the unit-dispatching agency to the time
43、of unit notification, includ- ing answering the phone (alarm), gathering vital information, and initiating a response by dispatching the appropriate unit(s). 3.3.12* Chain of Survival.A metaphor to communicate the interdependence of a communitys emergency response to cardiac arrest. 3.3.13 Complianc
44、e. Adherence or conformance to laws, regu- lations, and standards. 3.3.14 Cross-Trained/DualRole(CT/DR). Anemergencyser- vice that allows personnel trained in two service functions, such as fire suppression and emergency medical care, to func- tion in either role. 3.3.15 Defibrillation.The delivery
45、of an electrical shock to the heart intended to reverse abnormal electrical activity. 3.3.16 Defibrillator. 3.3.16.1 Automated External Defibrillator (AED).A device that administers an electric shock through the chest wall to the heart using built-in computers to assess the patients heart rhythm and
46、 defibrillate as needed. 3.3.16.2 Manual Defibrillator. Adevice that delivers an elec- tric shock through the chest wall to the heart and that re- quires operation by trained medical personnel. 3.3.17 Deployment.The procedures by which resources are distributed throughout the service area. 3.3.18 Di
47、spatch. To send out emergency response resources promptly to an address or incident location for a specific purpose. 3.3.18.1 Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD).A dispatching method or process in which a computer and its associated terminal(s)areusedtoproviderelativedispatchdatatothe concerned telecommun
48、icator. 1221:3.3 3.3.18.2 Emergency Medical Dispatch. The receipt and man- agement of requests for emergency medical assistance in the emergency medical services (EMS) system. 3.3.19 Documentation. The process of gathering, classifying, and storing information. 1915:1.3 3.3.20 Emergency. A condition
49、 or situation in which an indi- vidual perceives a need for immediate medical attention. 3.3.21 EmergencyMedicalDispatcher(EMD). EMS personnel specifically trained and certified in interviewing techniques, pre-arrival instructions, and call prioritization. 3.3.22 Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Providing services to patients with medical emergencies. 3.3.23 Emergency Me