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1、JIS JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD Translated and Published by Japanese Standards Association JIS Z 9080:204 (JSWJSA) Sensory analysis - Methodology ICs 67.240 Reference number : JIS Z 9080 : 2004 (E) PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT 35s Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license wit
2、h JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 23:59:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Z 9080 : 2004 Foreword This translation has been made based on the original Japanese Industrial Standard revised by the Minister of
3、Economy, Trade and Industry through deliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, as the result of proposal for revision of Japanese Industrial Standard submitted by Japanese Society or Sensory Evaluation (JSSE)/ Japanese Standards Association (JSN with the draft being attached, base
4、d on the provision of Article 12 Clause 1 of the Industrial Standardization Law applicable to the case of revision by the provision of Article 14. Consequently JIS Z 9080 : 1979 is replaced with this Standard. This revision has been made based on IS0 4120 : 1983, Sensory analysis- Methodology-Triang
5、ular test, IS0 4121 : 1987, Sensory analysis -iMethodology- Evaluation of food products by methods using scales, IS0 5495 : 1983, Sensory analysis -Methodologyrair-ed comparison test, IS0 6658 : 1985, Sensory analysis -Methodology -General guidance and IS0 8587 : 1988, Sensory analysis - Methodology
6、+?anking in order to conform this Standard to the International Standards. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some parts of this Standard may conflict with a patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility mod
7、el after opening to the public which have technical properties. The relevant Minister and the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee are not responsible for identiSring the patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for registration of uti
8、lity model after opening to the public which have the said technical properties. Date of Establishment: 1979-03-01 Date of Revision: 2004-03-20 Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2004-03-22 Investigated by: Japanese Industrial Standards Committee Standards Board Technical Committee on Basic
9、Engineering JIC Z 9080 : 2004, First English edition published in 2004-09 Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN In the event of any doubts arising as to the contents, the original JIS is to be the final authority. 0 JSA 2004 All
10、 rights reserved. Unless otherwise speafied, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized i n any form or by any means, electronic or mechanicai, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed i n Japan M b) those involving substances at
11、normal concentrations with or without low concentrations of other materials, for example tests for detection of tainting; c) those involving dilution techniques where substances are examined at decreasing or increasing concentrations. 4.6 Material to be tested The standards for product sampling, if
12、any, should be applied for test samples. If there are not such standards, consensus shall be obtained for the sampling methods among the concerned parties. Valid conclusions can be drawn for a product as a whole only if the samples tested are Methods of preparation of samples and presentation of sam
13、ples to a panel should be appropriate to the samples and to the test purpose concerned. Care is needed to ensure maximum uniformity between samples shown to each assessor. All variation of the test samples (variation except the difference between samples required by the test) shall be minimized. Whe
14、n the test concerns only differences in a stimulus, the interactions with other stimulus shall be prevented (for example, in the case of the test only for differences in flavour, the differences of appearance shall be masked by the use of light of a suitable colour). representative of the population
15、. Containers should be chosen so as not to affect the test, and uniform lighting conditions shall be applied when appearance is assessed. 4.7 Test room (Isee.ISO8589). Sensory analysis should be conducted in a special test room. A compartment with separate environment is better so that each assessor
16、 can quickly concentrate to address the given taskk). Extraneous activities, including preparation of the samples, should not be allowed during the tests, as these may lead to biased results. The room should be at a comfortable temperature and should be ventilated with odour-free air. Limited air fl
17、ow is desirable to avoid excessive temperature fluctuations. Persistent odours, such as tobacco or cosmetics, shall not be allowed to contaminate the environment of the test room. Sound should be restricted. A low background noise is usually more tolerable than a fluctuating level of noise. Conversa
18、tion is more distracting than background noise. Interruptions of tests cause the greatest distraction. It is usually helpful to have control over both the colour and the intensity of the lighting, although coloured lights rarely succeed in completely masking differences in appearance of samples. PRO
19、TECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 23:59:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 7 2 9080 : 2004 The surfaces with whic
20、h the sample comes into contact should be non-absorbent. The dunensions of the test rooms are important; very low ceilings and very narrow booths can be oppressive or can give rise to a feeling of claustrophobia. Comfortable seats is necessary. 4.8 Apparatus The test supervisor shall select an appro
21、priate apparatus corres- ponding to the nature and number of the samples. The apparatus shall not affect the test results. If apparatus for the said sample is standardized and is suitable for the test, it shall be used (for example, wine-tasting glasses specified as standardized apparatus in IS0 359
22、1). 4.9 Conduct of test The conduct of the test will depend upon the briefing to the assessors prior to the test. The design of the questionnaire (proforma, test form) may take account not only of the results given by the assessors but also of how the data are to be handled. The manner and order of
23、presentation of the samples are important aspects of the test. The samples should be coded, for example by random three-digit numbers, to minimize bias. It is important to vary the codes of samples for each test. As the order of assessment can also affect the results, in general, the order shall be
24、specified. In the case of using a small number of samples and assessors, the order can be balanced so that they can assess these samples in every possible order the same number of times. In larger tests, the order shall be randomized. The collation of the results comprises the following three aspect
25、s: a) checking that all data have been recorded; b) verification that any additional relevant information which may aid or cast doubt on the interpretation of the results has been noted; checking that the assessors are motivated to continue participating at a desirable level of interest. c) If panel
26、s are held too frequently, the performance may deteriorate. If it is possible, assessors should be asked to refrain from smoking and from consuming anything but water for 1 h before a test. Similarly, the use of odoriferous cosmetics is undesirable. It should be taken into account that foreign odour
27、s given by assessors affect the rest of the panel. Assessors suffering from cold or emotional upsets, etc. should be excluded from tests until they recover. The time of day at which the test is conducted is important and influential in the assessors sensitivity. For example, in the case of a food te
28、st, maximum sensitivity is found at mid-morning and mid-afternoon, but away from mealtimes, because hunger and satiety can affect the assessors abilities. As. .-on-versations.- Au ring -the. -. .text. - I m-ay _ disti!-Kb- - the- -assessor-s-. - oncentration, unec.essaryconers.aons .shall .be .e.l:m
29、in-ate d, PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 23:59:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 8 Z 9080 : 2004 5 Methods
30、 of test 5.1 are a) b) Cl 5.2 Types of tests Besides sensitivity tests (see 4 . 5 ) , the most commonly used tests divided into three groups: Difference tests used to determine whether a sensory difference exists between two samples (see 5.2). Tests using scales and categories, to estimate the order
31、 or size of differences or the categories or classes to which samples should be allocated (see 5.3). Analytical tests or descriptive tests, used to identify the specific sensory attributes present in a sample; the tests may also be quantitative (see 5.4). Difference tests 5.2.1 General The following
32、 tests are used to determine whether there is a sensory difference between two samples. a Paired comparison test (see 5.2.2). b) Triangular test (see 5.2.3). c) Duo-trio test (see 5.2.4). d) Two-out-of-five test (see 5.2.5). e) “A”-“not A” test (see 5.2.6). The analytical method of obtained data fro
33、m these tests is described in 6.2. 5.2.2 5.2.2.1 Definition A test in which samples are presented to the assessors in pairs for comparison and detection of differences of attributes or superiority (see JIS Z 8144). 5.2.2.2 Application For the following purpose, the paired comparison test is recommen
34、ded. a) To determine if there is a difference, and if so, the direction of a difference between two samples. b) To establish if there is a preference. c) For the selection and training of assessors. Paired comparison test (see 7.2) Advantages of the test over other difference tests are simplicity an
35、d less sensory fatigue. The disadvantage of the test is that, as the number of samples to be compared increases the number of inter-comparisons required rapidly becomes inpracticable. 5.2.2.3 Assessors The recommended number of assessors is 7 or more experts; 20 or more selected assessors; 30 or mor
36、e assessors not to be selected based on the assessment ability or not to be trained. More comprehensive studies, such as consumer tests, require a much larger number of assessors, in the order of hundreds. PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license
37、with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 23:59:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 9 Z 9080 : 2004 5.2.2.4 Procedure The assessor is given one or more pairs of coded samples, presented in a controlled or random o
38、rder. The two samples in each pair may be the same or different. The assessor is asked specific relevant questionb) referring to the difference, the direction of difference or preference see 5.2.2.2, aland b11. Questions of difference and preference shall not be combined. 5.2.2.5 Analysis of results
39、 Show in 6.2.2. 5.2.3 Triangular test (see 7.3) 5.2.3.1 Definition Difference test involving three coded samples, two of which are identical, presented simultaneously. The assessor is asked to select the odd sample (see JIS Z 8144). 5.2.3.2 Application For the following purpose, the triangular test
40、is recommended. a) To detect slight differences between samples. b) When only a limited number of assessors is available. c) For the selection and training of assessors. The test shall not be used for the determination of preference. Some disadvantages of the test are as follows. a) It is uneconomic
41、al for the assessment of a large number of samples. b) It may be more affected by sensory fatigue than the paired comparison test with intensely flavoured samples, It may be difficult to ensure that two samples are identical. c) 5.2.3.3 Assessors The recommended number of assessors is 6 or more expe
42、rts; 15 or more selected assessors; 25 or more assessors not to be selected based on the assessment ability or not to be trained. 5.2.3.4 Procedure The assessor is presented with one set of three coded samples, two of which are identical, and is asked to select the one odd sample having a different
43、nature. The combinations of a set of three samples are as follows. BAA ABB AAB BBA ABA BAB Samples should be presented an equal number of times in each of the two sets (one for A odd number and another for B odd number) of three distinct permutations of order of odd samples. 5.2.3.5 Analysis of resu
44、lts Shown at 6.2.3 5.2.4 Duo-trio test .keeJS-OUO399. PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/11/2007 23:59:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without lice
45、nse from IHS -,-,- 10 Z 9080 2004 5.2.4.1 Difference test in which the reference sample (A) is presented first. It is followed by two coded samples (A 30 or-mor-e. assessors selected without the assessment of performance nor be trained. 5.2.6.4 Procedure The assessor is presented with samples one at
46、 a time. The assessor is first presented with the reference sample “A” several times, until he can recognize it. He is then given several samples, each of which may be “A” or “not A”, at random, and he is asked to determine which they are. An appreciable time interval (for example 2 to 5 min) should
47、 be allowed between receipt of samples, and only a few samples should be examined during one session. 5.2.6.5 Analysis of results Show in 6.2.6. 5.3 Tests using scales and categories (see 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6) 5.3.1 differences, or the categories or classes to which samples should be allocated: a) ranki
48、ng (see 5.3.2); b) classification (see 5.3.3); c) rating (see 5.3.4); d) scoring (see 5.3.5); Types of tests The following tests are used to estimate the order or size of e) grading (see 5.3.6). 5.3.2 Ranking (see 7.4) 5.3.2.1 some specified sensory attributes (JIS Z 8144). 5.3.2.2 It is recommended
49、 for use as follows: a as a screening test, for planning of a more precise assessment; Definition Test which are to be arranged in order of intensity or degree of Application Ranking has a wide application, but it is not very discriminating. b) for selection of samples; c) as a consumer test for acceptance and determination of the order of preference; d) for traini