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1、EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1990 April 2002 ICS 91.010.30Supersedes ENV 1991-1:1994 English version Eurocode - Basis of structural design Eurocodes structuraux - Eurocodes: Bases de calcul des structures Eurocode: Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung This European Standard was ap
2、proved by CEN on 29 November 2001; amendment A1:2005 was approved by CEN on 14 October 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date
3、 lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the res
4、ponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAl
5、l rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1990:2002 + A1:2005 E +A1 December 2005 (includes amendment A1:2005) (inclut lamendement A1:2005) (enthlt nderung A1:2005) CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
6、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. -,-,- EN 1990:2002 (E) 2 Contents Page FOREWORD5 BACKGROUND OF THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME.6 STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATIO
7、N OF EUROCODES.7 NATIONALSTANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES.7 LINKS BETWEEN EUROCODES AND HARMONISED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (ENS AND ETAS) FOR PRODUCTS.8 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO EN1990 8 NATIONAL ANNEX FOR EN1990.9 SECTION 1 GENERAL10 1.1 SCOPE10 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES10 1.3 ASSUMPTIONS
8、.11 1.4 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONRULES.11 1.5 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS.12 1.5.1 Common terms used in EN 1990 to EN 199912 1.5.2 Special terms relating to design in general.13 1.5.3 Terms relating to actions.16 1.5.4 Terms relating to material and product properties.19 1.5.5 Terms r
9、elating to geometrical data.19 1.5.6 Terms relating to structural analysis 20 1.6 SYMBOLS.21 SECTION 2 REQUIREMENTS.24 2.1 BASIC REQUIREMENTS.24 2.2 RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT25 2.3 DESIGN WORKING LIFE26 2.4 DURABILITY26 2.5 QUALITY MANAGEMENT27 SECTION 3 PRINCIPLES OF LIMIT STATES DESIGN28 3.1 GENERAL.
10、28 3.2 DESIGN SITUATIONS28 3.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES.29 3.4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES29 3.5 LIMIT STATE DESIGN30 SECTION 4 BASIC VARIABLES .31 4.1 ACTIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES31 4.1.1 Classification of actions31 4.1.2 Characteristic values of actions31 4.1.3 Other representative values of
11、variable actions33 4.1.4 Representation of fatigue actions33 4.1.5 Representation of dynamic actions33 4.1.6 Geotechnical actions.34 4.1.7 Environmental influences34 4.2 MATERIAL AND PRODUCT PROPERTIES34 4.3 GEOMETRICAL DATA.35 SECTION 5 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING36 5.1 STRUC
12、TURAL ANALYSIS36 5.1.1 Structural modelling36 5.1.2 Static actions.36 5.1.3 Dynamic actions36 EN 1990:2002 (E) 3 5.1.4 Fire design.37 5.2 DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING.38 SECTION 6 VERIFICATION BY THE PARTIAL FACTOR METHOD39 6.1 GENERAL.39 6.2 LIMITATIONS.39 6.3 DESIGN VALUES.39 6.3.1 Design values of
13、actions39 6.3.2 Design values of the effects of actions.40 6.3.3 Design values of material or product properties 41 6.3.4 Design values of geometrical data41 6.3.5 Design resistance 42 6.4 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES.43 6.4.1 General43 6.4.2 Verifications of static equilibrium and resistance.44 6.4.3 Comb
14、ination of actions (fatigue verifications excluded).44 6.4.3.1 General44 6.4.3.2 Combinations of actions for persistent or transient design situations (fundamental combinations)45 6.4.3.3 Combinations of actions for accidental design situations .46 6.4.3.4 Combinations of actions for seismic design
15、situations46 6.4.4 Partial factors for actions and combinations of actions.46 6.4.5 Partial factors for materials and products47 6.5 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES47 6.5.1 Verifications47 6.5.2 Serviceability criteria47 6.5.3 Combination of actions .47 6.5.4 Partial factors for materials48 ANNEX A1 (NO
16、RMATIVE) APPLICATION FOR BUILDINGS.49 A1.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION.49 A1.2 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS.49 A1.2.1 General .49 A1.2.2 Values of factors49 A1.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES50 A1.3.1 Design values of actions in persistent and transient design situations.50 A1.3.2 Design values of actions in the accide
17、ntal and seismic design situations54 A1.4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES.55 A1.4.1 Partial factors for actions.55 A1.4.2 Serviceability criteria55 A1.4.3 Deformations and horizontal displacements.55 A1.4.4 Vibrations57 ANNEX A2 (NORMATIVE) APPLICATION FOR BRIDGES.58 National Annex for EN 1990 Annex A2
18、.58 A2.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION .60 A2.1.1 General 60 A2.1.2 Symbols 60 A2.2 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS 61 A2.2.1 General 61 A2.2.2 Combination rules for road bridges 63 A2.2.3 Combination rules for footbridges .64 A2.2.4 Combination rules for railway bridges 64 A2.2.5 Combinations of actions for acciden
19、tal (non seismic) design situations .65 A2.2.6 Values of ? factors .65 A2.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES 68 A2.3.1 Design values of actions in persistent and transient design situations 68 A2.3.2 Design values of actions in the accidental and seismic design situations .73 A2.4 SERVICEABILITY AND OTHER SPEC
20、IFIC LIMIT STATES .74 A2.4.1 General 74 A2.4.2 Serviceability criteria regarding deformation and vibration for road bridges .75 EN 1990:2002 (E) 4 A2.4.3 Verifications concerning vibration for footbridges due to pedestrian trafic .75 A2.4.4 Verifications regarding deformations and vibrations for rai
21、lway bridges 77 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) MANAGEMENT OF STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS.84 B1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION84 B2 SYMBOLS.84 B3 RELIABILITY DIFFERENTIATION.85 B3.1 Consequences classes 85 B3.2 Differentiation by values.85 B3.3 Differentiation by measures relating to the par
22、tial factors86 B4 DESIGN SUPERVISION DIFFERENTIATION86 B5 INSPECTION DURING EXECUTION87 B6 PARTIAL FACTORS FOR RESISTANCE PROPERTIES.88 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) BASIS FOR PARTIAL FACTOR DESIGN AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS89 C1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATIONS.89 C2 SYMBOLS.89 C3 INTRODUCTION90 C4 OVERVIEW O
23、F RELIABILITY METHODS90 C5 RELIABILITY INDEX .91 C6 TARGET VALUES OF RELIABILITY INDEX .92 C7 APPROACH FOR CALIBRATION OF DESIGN VALUES.93 C8 RELIABILITY VERIFICATION FORMATS IN EUROCODES.95 C9 PARTIAL FACTORS IN EN1990 96 C100 FACTORS.97 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING.99 D1 SCOPE
24、AND FIELD OF APPLICATION99 D2 SYMBOLS.99 D3 TYPES OF TESTS.100 D4 PLANNING OF TESTS.101 D5 DERIVATION OF DESIGN VALUES103 D6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR STATISTICAL EVALUATIONS.104 D7 STATISTICAL DETERMINATION OF A SINGLE PROPERTY104 D7.1 General104 D7.2 Assessment via the characteristic value 105 D7.3 D
25、irect assessment of the design value for ULS verifications.106 D8 STATISTICAL DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE MODELS107 D8.1 General107 D8.2 Standard evaluation procedure (Method (a)107 D8.2.1 General107 D8.2.2 Standard procedure .108 D8.3 Standard evaluation procedure (Method (b)112 D8.4 Use of additio
26、nal prior knowledge112 BIBLIOGRAPHY 114 EN 1990:2002 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 1990:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by pub
27、lication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. This document supersedes ENV 1991-1:1994. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal R
28、egulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
29、d and the United Kingdom. Foreword to amendment A1 This European Standard (EN 1990:2002/A1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This Amendment to the EN 1990:2002 shall be given the status of a national standard, e
30、ither by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to i
31、mplement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United King
32、dom. EN 1990:2002 (E) 6 Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the ha
33、rmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States a
34、nd, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Repre- sentatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and th
35、e Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto
36、 the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions De- cisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equival
37、ent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally con- sisting of a number of Parts: EN 1990 Eurocode : Basis of Structural Design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: De
38、sign of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN 1998 Eurocode 8
39、: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Mem- ber State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national l
40、evel where these continue to vary from State to State. 1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). EN 1990:2002 (E) 7 Status
41、 and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes : as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, parti
42、cularly Essential Re- quirement N1 Mechanical resistance and stability and Essential Requirement N2 Safety in case of fire ; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services ; as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for constructio
43、n products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product standards3. Therefore, technical aspec
44、ts arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product stan- dards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structur
45、al design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an in- novative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such ca
46、ses. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex. The Na
47、tional annex may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. : 2 According to Art.
48、3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for harmonised ENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3 According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shal
49、l : a)give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b)indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calcula- tion and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c)serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eur