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1、 National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated NFRC 102-2004E0A3 Procedure for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems 2004 NATIONAL FENESTRATION RATING COUNCIL, INC. PREPARED BY: National Fenestration Rating Council 6305 Ivy Lane, Suite 140 Greenbelt, MD 20770 V
2、oice: (301) 589-1776 Fax: (301) 589-3884 Email: infonfrc.org Website: www.nfrc.org NFRC 102-2004 E0A3 page ii FOREWORD This National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) procedure is for use by the NFRC Accredited Testing Laboratories and laboratory inspector(s). It is intended to be a companion docum
3、ent to ASTM C 1199-00, specifying specific NFRC requirements and deviations. It is also intended to eliminate the necessity to interpret vague or general statements from all other referenced test documents. This NFRC procedure is a compilation of information from ASTM C 1199, data from hundreds of t
4、hermal performance tests by technicians and engineers, NFRC round robin data, and technical interpretations by NFRC. This procedure incorporates or references many aspects of ASTM C 1199 and ASTM C 1363, with modifications adopted by NFRC. NFRC is working cooperatively with ASTM and the ISO with the
5、 goal of having a single unified test procedure. It is the intention of NFRC to adopt a harmonized standard when established. Questions on the use of this procedure should be addressed to: National Fenestration Rating Council 6305 Ivy Lane, Suite 140 Greenbelt, MD 20770 Voice: (301) 589-1776 Fax: (3
6、01) 589-3884 Email: infonfrc.org Website: www.nfrc.org NFRC 102-2004 E0A3 page iii Table of Contents Forewordii 1. Scope. 4 2. Referenced Documents. 4 3. Terminology. 5 4. Significance and Use. 6 5. Calibration. 7 6. Experimental Procedure 10 7. Calculation of Thermal Transmittance 14 8. Calculation
7、 of Standardized Thermal Transmittance. 14 9. Report. 16 10. Precision and Bias. 16 11. Appendices (Mandatory Information) 17 Figure 11-1 Thermocouple Location Two-Lite Curtain Wall, Patio Door 18 Figure 11-2 Thermocouple Location Casement, Projected (Awning). 19 Figure 11-3 Thermocouple Location Fi
8、xed. 20 Figure 11-4 Thermocouple Location Horizontal Slider 21 Figure 11-5 Thermocouple Location Vertical Slider. 22 Figure 11-6 Thermocouple Location Entrance Door. 23 Figure 11-7 Thermocouple Location Divider 24 Figure 11-8 Example of Method to Determine Interior and Exterior Wetted 2-D Surface Ar
9、eas. 25 Figure 11-9 Garage Door Installation 26 Figure 11-10 Thermocouple Location Four Panel Garage Door. 27 Appendix A3 (Mandatory Information). 28 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE OF TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING DEVICES. 28 Bibliography 40 Index . 41 NFRC 102-2004 E0A3 page 4
10、 1 1. . S S C COOP PE E The following parts of Section 1: Scope of ASTM C 1199-00 are valid for this procedure: 1.1 Note 1 Note 2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 The following parts of Section 1: Scope of ASTM C 1199-00 are amended for this procedure: 1.2 is replaced with the following: 1.2(A) This test method refe
11、rs to the thermal transmittance, U, of a fenestration system installed vertically in the absence of solar and air leakage effects. 1.4(A) For rating purposes, this test method describes how to calculate a standardized thermal transmittance, UST. Two standardization methods are described, the Calibra
12、tion Transfer Standard (CTS) method and the area-weighting (AW) method. The method used shall be in accordance with section 8.2(A). 2 2. . R R E EF FE ER RE EN NC CE ED D D D OOC CU UMME EN NT TS S The following parts of Section 2: Referenced Documents of ASTM C 1199-00 are valid for this procedure:
13、 2.2 2.3 The following parts of Section 2: Referenced Documents of ASTM C 1199-00 are amended for this procedure: 2.1 is amended as follows: 2.1(A) ASTM Standards: The references to C 236 and C 976 are invalid in the context of the NFRC Test Procedure. Any references to these documents should refer
14、to the appropriate section of ASTM C 1363. NFRC 102-2004 E0A3 page 5 3 3. . T T E ER RMMI IN NOOL LOOGGY Y The following parts of Section 3: Terminology of ASTM C 1199-00 are valid for this procedure: 3.1 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3.1 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.5.1 3.2.5.2 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 The following parts of Sectio
15、n 3: Terminology of ASTM C 1199-00 are amended for this procedure: 3.2 is valid in its entirety with the following addition: 3.2(A) The following additional definitions are valid for this procedure: Test specimen - effective thermal conductance, C - The time rate of heat flow through a unit area of
16、a test specimen (fenestration system), induced by a unit temperature difference between the test specimen surfaces. It is calculated as follows: () 1 111 s shc C Uhh = (1A) View Factor - The portion of the metering box “viewed“ by the test specimen that is exchanging radiation with the interior test
17、 specimen surface. This area of the metering box would be comprised of the baffle surface and any portion of any perimeter metering box wall that the test specimen is exchanging radiation with at a 90 incident angle. For most test specimens using this method, the metering box baffle would be the onl
18、y surface exchanging radiation with the test specimen. Projecting Products - A non-planar product where the glazing projects outward past the cold side surround panel surface plane (i.e. skylights, garden windows). 3.2.3 is valid in its entirety with the following addition: 3.2.3(A) The following eq
19、uation may be used as an alternate. 1 111 ST SThsSTc U hCh = + (2A) 3.3 is valid in its entirety with the following addition: 3.3(A) The following definitions are valid for this procedure: Cs =thermal conductance of test specimen (surface to surface), W/m2C (Btuin/hrft2F) NFRC 102-2004 E0A3 page 6 t
20、sp1 =area-weighted room side surround panel surface temperature, C (F) tsp2 =area-weighted weather side surround panel surface temperature, C (F) 4 4. . S S I IGGN NI IF FI IC CA AN NC CE E A AN ND D U US SE E The following parts of Section 4: Significance and Use of ASTM C 1199-00 are valid for thi
21、s procedure: 4.1 4.3 4.3.2 4.3.3 Note 3 The following parts of Section 4: Significance and Use of ASTM C 1199-00 are amended for this procedure: 4.2 is replaced with the following: 4.2(A) Since both temperature and surface air film conditions affect results, use of recommended conditions will assist
22、 in reducing confusion caused by comparing results of tests performed under dissimilar conditions. Standardized test conditions for determining the thermal transmittance of fenestration systems are specified below. NFRC Test Conditions: 1. Interior ambient temperature of 21.0C 0.3C (69.8F 0.5F). 2.
23、Exterior ambient temperature of -18.0C 0.3C (-0.4F 0.5F). 3. The interior relative humidity shall be maintained at or below 15% with the following exception: An interior relative humidity greater than 15% but less than 25% is allowed if there is no condensation on the specimen at the conclusion of t
24、esting. If the interior relative humidity is greater than 15%, it is required that the laboratory record a minimum of three specimen interior surface temperatures throughout the test. These temperature locations shall be located at the expected coldest points on the specimen interior surface to demo
25、nstrate that the surface temperatures during the test remained above the dew point. 4. An interior measured film coefficient during CTS panel(s) calibration testing of 7.67 W/m2C (1.35 Btu/hft2F) 5%. 5. An exterior measured film coefficient during CTS panel(s) calibration testing of 30.0 W/m2C (5.28
26、 Btu/hft2F) 10%. NFRC 102-2004 E0A3 page 7 6. A combined film coefficient during CTS panel(s) calibration testing of 6.108 W/m2C (1.076 Btu/hft2F) ( 5%). 4.3.1 is valid in its entirety except for a typographical error. In the first sentence, a reference to “hh and hs“ should be “hh and hc“. 4.4 is r
27、eplaced with the following: 4.4(A) The thermal transmittance of a test specimen is affected by its size and three-dimensional geometry. Therefore, it is mandatory that fenestration systems be tested at the sizes specified in Table 4-3 of the current version of NFRC 100. 5 5. . C C A AL LI IB BR RA A
28、T TI IOON N The following parts of Section 5: Calibration, based on ASTM C1199-00 are valid for this procedure: 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.2.2 Note 4 Note 5 5.1.4 Note 6 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.1.1 Note 7 5.2.1.2 5.2.2 5.2.2.1 5.2.3 5.2.3.1 5.2.4 5.2.4.1 5.2.4.3 Note 8 5.2.4.4 5.2.4.5 5.2.4.6 Note 9 5.2.4.7 Note 10
29、5.2.4.7(2) Note 11 5.2.4.7(3) Note 12 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 Note 13 5.3.4 Note 14 The following parts of Section 5: Calibration, of ASTM C1199-00, are amended for this procedure: 5.1.2.1 is valid with the following change: 5.1.2.1(A) A surround panel, consisting of a stable homogeneous thermal insul
30、ation material with a thermal conductivity at 24C (75F) not in excess of 0.03 W/mK (0.02 Btu/hft2F) and having a very low gas permeance, shall be provided for mounting the test specimen (see Figure 11-1). For structural integrity, the homogeneous insulation core may be sandwiched between two sheets
31、of a support material having a very low gas (air and water vapor) permeance and stable thermal and dimensional properties. The surface of the surround panel shall have an emissivity greater than 0.8. The opening in the central homogeneous insulation board core may be covered with a nonreflecting tap
32、e to minimize surface damage. The thickness of the homogeneous insulation core of the surround panel (see Figure 11-2) shall be at least the maximum thickness of the test specimen (usually one part of the test specimen frame) and shall be in no circumstances less than 100 mm (4 in.). The maximum thi
33、ckness of the homogeneous insulation core of the NFRC 102-2004 E0A3 page 8 surround panel shall be no more than 25 mm (1 in.) greater than the maximum thickness of the test specimen. That is, for test specimen maximum thicknesses less than or equal to 100 mm (4 in.), the surround panel core thicknes
34、s shall be 100 mm (4 in.). For test specimen maximum thicknesses greater than 100 mm (4 in.) and up to 125 mm (5 in.), the surround panel core thickness shall be 125 mm (5 in.). For test specimen maximum thicknesses greater than 125 mm (5 in.) and up to 150 mm (6 in.), the surround panel core thickn
35、ess shall be 150 mm (6 in.) and so on for larger test specimens. Unless specifically required for test specimen mounting purposes (very high mass test specimens like patio doors or large curtain walls), no thermal anomalies (that is, thermal bridges like wood or metal) shall exist in the surround pa
36、nel. In those specific situations where the surround panel is not homogeneous, a detailed drawing describing the surround panel and the thermal anomaly materials and the modified surround panel construction, along with the measured thermal conductance (using Test Methods C 177 or C 518) of all mater
37、ials used shall be included with the test report. It is required that the thermal conductance (Csp ) of the facing and core materials of the surround panel be measured in a guarded hot plate (ASTM C177) or a heat flow meter (ASTM C518) at a 1.5C (35F) mean. If the surround panel assembly exceeds 175
38、mm (7 in.), it is acceptable to calculate the thermal conductance of the assembled surround panel using test results from a guarded hot plate (ASTM C177) or a heat flow meter (ASTM C518) at a 1.5C (35F) mean. In this case, the measured thermal conductance (using ASTM C177 or ASTM C518) of representa
39、tive samples of all materials used in the calculation must have documented test results from the same manufacturing lot as the materials used in construction. For core materials the minimum thickness of the representative sample shall be100mm (4 in.). It is also recommended that thermal conductance
40、be measured at two additional temperatures that cover conditions experienced during testing. 5.1.3 is valid with the following change: 5.1.3(A) The projected area of the Calibration Transfer Standard shall cover the same range as the test specimen model size and tolerances as specified in the curren
41、t version of NFRC 100. Two Calibration Transfer Standards shall be used; one approximately the largest model size to be tested and one approximately the smallest model size to be tested. The CTS Panel values used shall be those closest to the representative size of the test specimen in relation to t
42、he appropriate CTS Panel size. 5.1.4.1 is replaced with the following: 5.1.4.1 (A) Radiating surface temperatures The temperature of all baffle surfaces exchanging radiation heat transfer with the test specimen using the same area weighing criteria as specified in Test Method C1363. Although it is r
43、ecommended, it is not NFRC 102-2004 E0A3 page 9 required to instrument those surfaces which may exchange radiation if they are not parallel to the interior face of the surround panel (baffles, surround panel opening, box surfaces, shields, etc.). 5.1.4.2 is replaced with the following: 5.1.4.2(A) Ai
44、r temperatures - The air temperature sensors shall be located 75 mm (3 in.) from the surface of the surround panel. The air temperature sensors shall be arranged in a vertical grid network, with a minimum density of two sensors per square meter of metering area, but not less than nine. The rows and
45、columns closest to the metering box walls shall be located at a minimum distance of 150 mm (6 in.) from each meter box wall. Parallel averaging of air temperatures shall be allowed on vertical elevations (horizontal rows) only. This equation shall also apply to the radiating surface temperatures, su
46、rround panel surfaces, and each meter box wall individual surface. Locations are to be evenly distributed to properly characterize each individual surface area. 5.1.5 is replaced with the following: 5.1.5(A) Air leakage - All fenestration product types shall be sealed at the warm side surface, A spe
47、cimen with a primary/secondary (storm window) application shall be sealed at the warm side of each application. Weep holes/slots located on the cold side shall be sealed on the cold side. In addition, all requirements of Section 7.1.3 of ASTM E 1423 and Note 4, should be followed, except where in co
48、nflict with the above language. 5.2.3.2 is replaced with the following: 5.2.3.2(A) Criteria for NFRC Steady State 1. Determining steady-state involves two separate evaluations. First, a series of four hourly sets of data are compared to the group mean to determine if steady state has been achieved.
49、Second, two additional consecutive two-hour test periods are individually compared to the average initial four-hour period and each other to verify steady-state conditions are maintained. The following tests are applied to both assessments. 2. The average room and weather side air temperatures and all other surface temperatures shall not vary by more than 0.3C ( 0.5F) over the entire eight (8) hour steady state period. (See ASTM C 1363 requirements.) NFRC 102-2004 E0A