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1、 SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org AMS 2411F AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION Issued SEP 1966 Revised APR 2007 Superseding AMS 2411E Plating, Silver for High Temperature Applications RATIONALE This specification revision was issued as part of the SAE Five Year
5、 Review process. NOTICE ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to the plating processor by the purchaser. 1. Purchase order shall specify not less than the following: AMS 2411F Plating thickness desired (see 3.4.1) Basis metal to be plated Tensile strength or hardness of t
6、he basis metal Preplate stress relief to be performed by plating processor (time and temperature) if different from 3.1.1 Special features, geometry or processing present on parts that requires special attention by the plating processor Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by plating proces
7、sor (parameters or reference document) if different from 3.3.1 Minimum thickness on internal surfaces, if required (see 3.4.1.3) Quantity of pieces to be plated 2. Parts manufacturing operations such as heat treating, forming, joining and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for
8、 plating, or if performed after plating, could adversely affect the plated part. The sequencing of these types of operations should be specified by the cognizant engineering organization or purchaser and is not controlled by this specification. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under licen
9、se with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 19:02:20 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE AMS 2411F - 2 - 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification covers the requirements for silver deposited on metal parts with a nickel strike
10、 between the basis metal and the silver deposit. 1.2 Application This process has been used typically to prevent galling or seizing of surfaces of parts, such as fasteners, made of low- alloy steel, corrosion and heat resistant steel, and nickel alloys for use up to 1400 F (760 C). 1.3 Safety-Hazard
11、ous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure fam
12、iliarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this speci
13、fication to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.
14、2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS 2759/9 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts AMS 5616 Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistan
15、t, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Tubing and Rings, 13Cr - 2.0Ni - 3.0W, Annealed AMS 5640 Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, and Forgings, 18Cr - 9.0Ni (SAE 30303, 30303Se, 30303Mod), Free Machining AMS 5643 Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Tubing, and Rings, 16Cr - 4.0Ni - 0.30 (Cb +
16、Ta) - 4.0Cu, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardenable AMS 5709 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars and Forgings, 58Ni - 19.5Cr - 13.5Co - 4.3Mo - 3.0Ti - 1.4AI, Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted, 1975 F (1080 C) Solution, Stabilization, and Precipitation Heat Treate
17、d AMS 5732 Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Tubing, and Rings, 15Cr - 25.5Ni - 1.3Mo - 2.1Ti - 0.006B - 0.30V, Consumable Electrode Melted, 1800 F (980 C) Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated AMS 6304 Steel, Low Alloy, Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 0.95Cr - 0.55M
18、o - 0.30V (0.40 - 0.50C) 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM B 487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section AST
19、M B 499 Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals ASTM B 504 Measurement of the Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method ASTM B 567 Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method Copyright SAE Internation
20、al Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 19:02:20 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE AMS 2411F - 3 - ASTM B 568 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B 571 Adhesion of M
21、etallic Coatings ASTM E 376 Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test Methods ASTM F 519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of Plating Processes and Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals 2.3 ANSI Publications Available from American National Standards Insti
22、tute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ASME B46.1 Surface Texture 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Preparation 3.1.1 Steel parts having a hardness of 40 HRC or higher and which have been ground, machined, or cold straightened after heat treatment shall be cleane
23、d to remove surface contamination and stress relieved before preparation for plating. Temperatures to which parts are heated shall be such that maximum stress relief is obtained without reducing hardness of parts below drawing limits, but, unless otherwise specified, not less than 275 F (135 C) for
24、not less than five hours for parts having hardness of 55 HRC or higher or not less than 375 F (191 C) for not less than four hours for other parts. 3.1.2 Nickel plating shall be applied over a clean and active surface that will result in a deposit that meet the adhesion and quality requirements of t
25、his specification. The pretreatment process shall not produce pitting or intergranular attack of the basis metal and shall preserve dimensional requirements. 3.1.3 Surface roughness of surfaces to be plated, other than that of nuts, shall be 80 microinches (2 m) Ra or smoother determined in accordan
26、ce with ASME B46.1. 3.1.4 Except for barrel plating, electrical contact points shall be as follows. For parts which are to be plated all over, locations shall be acceptable to the cognizant engineering organization. For parts which are not to be plated all over, locations shall be in areas on which
27、plating is not required or other location acceptable to the cognizant engineering organization. 3.2 Procedure 3.2.1 Parts shall be plated using a three-step process: nickel strike, silver strike, and silver plate. The nickel strike shall 0.0005 inch (13 m) maximum. 3.2.1.1 When approved by the cogni
28、zant engineering organization, an alternative to nickel strike is permitted. 3.2.2 Double plating and spotting in are prohibited. 3.3 Post Treatment 3.3.1 Hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment of steel parts shall be in accordance with AMS 2759/9. 3.4 Properties Plated parts shall conform to the f
29、ollowing requirements: 3.4.1 Thickness of the deposit shall be as specified on the drawing, determined in accordance with any of the following methods as applicable: ASTM B 487, ASTM B 499, ASTM B 504, ASTM B 567, ASTM B 568, ASTM E 376, or other method acceptable to the cognizant engineering organi
30、zation (See 8.6). 3.4.1.1 Nickel strike shall not exceed 0.0005 inch (13 m). Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 19:02:20 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE AMS
31、2411F - 4 - 3.4.1.2 Where silver flash is specified, plate thickness shall be approximately 0.0001 inch (2.5 m). 3.4.1.3 All surfaces of the part, except those which cannot be touched by a sphere 0.75 inch (19 mm) in diameter, shall be plated to the specified thickness. Unless otherwise specified, s
32、urfaces such as holes, recesses, threads and other areas where a controlled deposit cannot be obtained under normal plating conditions, may be under the specified limit provided they show visual plating coverage. 3.4.2 Composition of the deposit shall be not less than 99.9% silver determined by a me
33、thod acceptable to the the cognizant engineering organization. 3.4.3 Adhesion The deposit shall firmly adhere to the basis metal. 3.4.3.1 Parts or test panels to be adhesion tested shall be heated in an air atmosphere to the following applicable temperature, held at heat within 15 F (8 C) for not le
34、ss than two hours, and cooled in still air. WARNING: The following are destructive tests and parts so tested are not acceptable for shipment. 3.4.3.1.1 Parts or test panels made of low-alloy steels, such as AMS 6304, and martensitic or precipitation-hardenable corrosion resistant steels, such as AMS
35、 5616 or AMS 5643, shall be heated at 900 F (482 C). 3.4.3.1.2 Parts or test panels made of austenitic corrosion-resistant steels, such as AMS 5640, and precipitation- hardenable, corrosion and heat resistant steels, such as AMS 5732, shall be heated at 1200 F (648 C). 3.4.3.1.3 Parts or test panels
36、 made of precipitation-hardenable, corrosion and heat resistant nickel alloys, such as AMS 5709, shall be heated at 1400 F (760 C). 3.4.3.1.4 Parts or test panels made of materials of a type not listed in 3.4.3.1.1 through 3.4.3.1.3 shall be heated at the temperature specified on the drawing or as d
37、irected by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.4.3.2 After heating as in 3.4.3.1, parts or test panels shall be examined at 10X magnification. Parts shall be free of blisters and of indications of poor bond such as flaking and lifting of the plating. Small blisters are acceptable provided the
38、parts meet the adherence requirements of 3.4.3.3. Blisters 0.015 inch (0.38 mm) and larger in diameter, measured under 10X magnification are not acceptable. 3.4.3.3 After visual examination as in 3.4.3.2, parts or test panels, shall be shear or chisel-tested in accordance with ASTM B 571. There shal
39、l be no signs of peeling of the plating from the underlying metal except where the chiseling or whittling action cuts through blisters permitted by 3.4.3.2. If parts show lifting and/or peeling, or both, of the plating except where the cutting is through blisters, all parts of the lot represented sh
40、all be rejected unless there is indication of shearing or cutting effect on the plating adjacent to the area from which blisters have been removed. 3.4.4 HydRogen Embrittlement The plating process shall not cause hydrogen embrittlement in steel parts, determined in accordance with 4.3.3.2. 3.5 Quali
41、ty 3.5.1 Plating, as received by purchaser, shall be smooth, continuous, adherent to basis metal, uniform in appearance and visually free from pin holes, blisters, nodules, pits, and other imperfections detrimental to usage of the parts. Slight staining or discoloration is permissible. There shall b
42、e no evidence of electrical arcing or local overheating. There shall be no evidence of spotting-in or double plating. 3.5.2 Silver plate which is to be machined shall be free from excessive modulation or treeing at edges. Finished parts shall be free from visible pits excessive porosity, and other i
43、mperfections detrimental to fabrication or to performance of parts. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 19:02:20 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE AMS 2411F - 5
44、 - 3.5.3 Abrasion of plating on corners and edges of threaded fasteners is acceptable but plate shall be continuous on threads. Marking of the cone section of self-locking nuts, produced in offsetting the locking beams or other deformation, is acceptable. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsi
45、bility for Inspection The processor shall supply all samples for processors tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. When parts are required for tests, such parts shall be supplied by purchaser. The cognizant engineering organization reserves the right to sample and
46、to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that processing conforms to specified requirements. 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests Thickness (3.4.1), adhesion (3.4.3), and quality (3.5) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on parts, or samples representing p
47、arts when permitted, from each lot. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests Composition (3.4.2) and hydrogen embrittlement (3.4.4) are periodic tests and shall be performed at least once each month that parts are processed.Tests of cleaning and plating solutions are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency
48、 established by the processor unless frequency of testing is specified by the cognizant engineering organization (See 4.4.3 and 8.4). 4.2.3 Preproduction Tests All property verification tests (section 3.4) are preproduction tests and shall be performed prior to production and when the cognizant engi
49、neering organization deems confirmatory testing to be required. 4.3 Sampling for testing shall be not less than the following; a lot shall be all parts of the same part number plated to the same range of plate thicknesses in the same set of solutions in each consecutive 24 hours of operation, and presented for processors inspection at one time. 4.3.1 Accep