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1、Plating, Nickel Hard Deposit RATIONALE This document has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE 5-year Review policy. 1.SCOPE: 1.1Purpose: This specification covers the engineering requirements for electrodeposition of a hard nickel and the properties of the deposit. 1.2Application: This process has
2、 been used typically to provide good wear resistance to metal parts which may operate in service up to 450 F (232 C), but usage is not limited to such applications. Diffusion heat treatment of the deposit is not required. 1.3Safety - Hazardous Materials: While the materials, methods, applications, a
3、nd processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous mate
4、rials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS 2423D Issued 1962-06 Revised2002-04 Reaffirmed 2009-04 Superseding AMS 2423C (R) SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “ This report is publi
5、shed by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical
6、 report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2009 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any for
7、m or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/w
8、ww.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2423D AMS 2423DSAEAMS 2423D - 2 - 2.APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specif
9、ication to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been canceled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.
10、1SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or www.sae.org. AMS 2759/9Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts 2.2ASTM Publications: Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or www.astm.org. ASTM B 253Prepa
11、ration of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating ASTM B 487Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B 504Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method ASTM B 530Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Met
12、hod: Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates ASTM B 567Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method ASTM B 568Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B 571Adhesion of Metallic Coatings ASTM B 578Microhardness of Electroplated Coa
13、tings ASTM B 636Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer ASTM E 92Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E 376Measurement of Coating Thickness by Magnetic or Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) Test Method 3.TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: 3.1Preparation: 3.1
14、.1Steel parts having hardness higher than 40 HRC and which have been ground after heat treatment shall be cleaned to remove surface contamination and suitably stress-relieved before preparation for plating. Temperatures to which parts are heated shall be such that maximum stress relief is obtained w
15、ithout reducing hardness of parts below drawing limits but, unless otherwise specified, not less than 275 F (135 C) for not less than five hours for parts having hardness of 55 HRC or higher or not less than 375 F (191 C) for not less than four hours for other parts. -,-,- AMS 2423DSAEAMS 2423D - 3
16、- 3.1.2Parts shall have clean surfaces, free of water break, prior to immersion in the plating solution. 3.1.2.1Alkaline cleaning of steel parts may be done with anodic current, but steel part shall not be cathodically cleaned. 3.1.3Parts shall be within drawing limits after plating and machining. 3
17、.1.4Except for barrel plating, electrical contact points shall be as follows. For parts which are to be plated all over, locations shall be acceptable to purchaser; for parts which are not to be plated all over, locations shall be in areas on which plating is not required. 3.2Procedure: 3.2.1Nickel
18、shall be electrodeposited from a chloride, sulfate/chloride, sulfamate or other suitable plating solution containing addition agents to produce the specified hardness. Nickel shall be deposited directly on the basis metal without a prior flash coating of metal other than nickel, except that a prelim
19、inary chemical coating, immersion plate, and/or metal flash is permissible on aluminum, magnesium, and their alloys. 3.2.1.1Aluminum alloys may be zincate treated in accordance with ASTM B 253 before plating. 3.2.2The plated parts shall be removed from the plating solution, thoroughly rinsed, and dr
20、ied. 3.3Post Treatment: Hydrogen embrittlement relief shall be in accordance with AMS 2759/9. 3.4Properties: Plating shall conform to the following requirements: 3.4.1Thickness: Shall be as specified, determined on representative parts or test panels in accordance with ASTM B 487, ASTM B 504, ASTM B
21、 530, ASTM E 567, ASTM B 568, ASTM E 376, or other method acceptable to purchaser. 3.4.1.1The plate shall be substantially uniform in thickness on significant surfaces except that slight build-up at exterior corners or edges will be permitted provided finished drawing dimensions are met. 3.4.1.2Thic
22、kness requirements apply to surfaces that can be touched by a sphere 0.75 inch (19 mm) in diameter. Other areas such as surfaces of holes, recesses, internal threads, or contact areas of parts plated all over, where a controlled deposit cannot be obtained under normal plating conditions, shall show
23、evidence of plating. 3.4.2Hardness: Shall be not lower than 400 HV or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM E 92 or ASTM B 578, on deposits 0.004 inch (0.10 mm) and over in thickness. -,-,- AMS 2423DSAEAMS 2423D - 4 - 3.4.3Stress: Shall be within the range 0 to 15.0 ksi (0 to 103 MPa) in co
24、mpression, determined on a plate thickness of 0.0003 inch (7.5 m) by calculation from spiral contractometer reading in accordance with ASTM B 636 or other instrument acceptable to purchaser. 3.4.4Adhesion: Specimens as in 4.3.3 shall not show separation of the plating from the basis metal, when exam
25、ined at approximately 4X magnification, after being bent rapidly, in accordance with ASTM B 571. Formation of cracks which do not result in flaking or blistering of the plating is acceptable. 3.4.4.1When acceptable to purchaser, adhesion of plating after final machining of the plating will be consid
26、ered acceptable evidence of plating adhesion. 3.4.5Hydrogen Embrittlement: The plating process shall not cause hydrogen embrittlement in ferrous metals. Testing shall be in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F 519 Type 1A using notched round specimens, unless a different specimen type is speci
27、fied by the purchaser, stressed in tension under constant load. For test purposes, plating thickness shall be 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) minimum measured on the smooth section of the specimen, but with visual plating at the root of the notch. 3.5Quality: Plated surfaces, as received by purchaser, shall be
28、 smooth, continuous, uniform in appearance, and essentially free from frosty areas, pin holes, porosity, blisters, nodules, pits, and other imperfections detrimental to usage of nickel plate. Slight staining or discoloration is acceptable. Double plating and spotting-in after plating are not permitt
29、ed. 4.QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS: 4.1Responsibility for Inspection: The processor shall supply all samples for processor s tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Where actual parts are to be tested, such parts shall be supplied by purchaser. Purchaser reserves th
30、e right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that processing conforms to the specified requirements. 4.2Classification of Tests: 4.2.1Acceptance Tests: Thickness (3.4.1), hardness (3.4.2), adhesion (3.4.4), and quality (3.5) are acceptance tests and shall be p
31、erformed on each lot. 4.2.2Periodic Tests: Stress (3.4.3), hydrogen embrittlement (3.4.5) and tests of cleaning and plating solutions (see 8.8) to ensure that the deposited metal will conform to the requirements of this specification are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected
32、by the plating processor unless frequency of testing is specified by purchaser. -,-,- AMS 2423DSAEAMS 2423D - 5 - 4.2.3Preproduction Tests: All technical requirements are preproduction tests and shall be performed prior to or on the first-article shipment of plated parts to a purchaser, when a chang
33、e in bath composition and/or processing requires reapproval as in 4.4.2, and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be required. 4.3Sampling and Testing: Shall be not less than the following; a lot shall be all parts of one size and shape plated in one bath to the same specified plating thickn
34、ess range within one 24 hour period and presented for processor s inspection at one time: 4.3.1For Acceptance Tests: Shall be as shown in Table 1. Test samples shall be randomly selected from all parts in the lot. 4.3.2For Periodic Tests: Frequency of testing shall be at the discretion of the proces
35、sor unless a test frequency is specified by purchaser. Tests for hydrogen embrittlement are applicable only when parts having a hardness of 36 HRC or higher are plated. 4.3.3Sample Configuration: Nondestructive testing shall be performed wherever practical and authorized herein. Except as noted, act
36、ual parts shall be selected as samples for tests. 4.3.3.1Thickness and Adhesion Test: Separate test panels of the same generic class of alloy as the parts, distributed throughout the lot, cleaned, plated, and post treated with the parts represented shall be used when plated parts are of such configu
37、ration or size as to be not readily adaptable to the specified tests or when nondestructive testing is not practical on actual parts, or it is not economically acceptable to perform destructive test on actual parts. 4.4Approval: 4.4.1The process and control factors, a preproduction sample plated par
38、t, or both, whichever is specified, shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organization before production parts are supplied. TABLE 1 - Sampling for Acceptance Tests Number of Parts in LotQuality Thickness and Adhesion 1 to 6 7 to 15 16 to 40 41 to 110 111 to 300 301 to 500 501 to 700 701 to
39、 1200 Over 1200 All 7 10 15 25 35 50 75 125 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 10 15 AMS 2423DSAEAMS 2423D - 6 - 4.4.2The processor shall make no significant change to materials, processes, or control factors from those on which the approval was based, unless the change is approved by the cognizant engineering organizat
40、ion. A significant change is one which, in the judgment of the cognizant engineering organization, could affect the properties or performance of the parts. 4.4.3Control factors shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Surface preparation and cleaning procedures Surface activation procedu
41、res Plating bath composition and composition control limits Plating bath temperature limits and controls Current/voltage limits and controls Method for testing plating thickness Method for checking adhesion Stripping procedure, when applicable Periodic test plan. 4.5Reports: The processor of plated
42、parts shall furnish with each shipment a report stating that the parts have been processed and tested in accordance with the specified requirements and that they conform to the acceptance test requirements. This report shall include the purchase order number, lot number, AMS 2423D, part number, and
43、quantity. 4.6Resampling and Retesting: 4.6.1If the results of any acceptance test fail to meet specified test requirements, the parts in that lot may be stripped by a method acceptable to purchaser that does not roughen, pit, adversely affect part dimensions, pretreated, plated, post treated as defi
44、ned herein, and tested. Alternatively, all parts in the lot may be inspected for the nonconforming attribute, and the nonconforming parts may be stripped by a method acceptable to purchaser that does not roughen, pit, or adversely affect part dimensions, pretreated, plated, post treated as defined h
45、erein, and tested. 4.6.2If the results of any periodic test fail to meet the specified test requirements, the process is nonconforming. No additional parts shall be plated until the process is corrected and new specimens are plated and tested. Results of all tests shall be recorded and, when request
46、ed, reported. Purchaser shall be notified of all parts plated since the last acceptable test. 5.PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY: 5.1Plated parts shall be handled and packaged to ensure that the required physical characteristics and properties of the plating are preserved. 5.2Packages of plated parts shall
47、be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the parts to ensure carrier acceptance and safe delivery. AMS 2423DSAEAMS 2423D - 7 - 6.ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Processor shall
48、 mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when acknowledging purchase orders. 7.REJECTIONS: Parts on which the plating does not conform to this specification, or to modifications authorized by purchaser, will be subject to rejection. 8.NOTES: 8.1A change bar (l
49、) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this specification. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the specification, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in specifications that contain editorial changes