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1、The Engineering Society For Advancing Mobility Land Sea Air and SpaceAEROSPACE I N T E R N A T I O N A L 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONMAY1996 Submitted for recognition as an American National Standard OIL FLUORESCENT PENETRANT High Fluorescence, Solvent Solu
2、ble AMS 3157C IssuedJAN 1964 Revised Superseding AMS 3157B This specification has been declared “NONCURRENT“ by the Aerospace Materials Division, SAE, as of May 1996. It is recommended, therefore, that this specification not be specified for new designs. This cover sheet should be attached to the “B
3、“ revision of the subject specification. “NONCURRENT” refers to those materials which have previously been widely used and which may be required on some existing designs in the future. The Aerospace Materials Division, however, does not recommend these as standard materials for future use in new des
4、igns. Each of these “NONCURRENT” specifications is available from SAE upon request. PREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF AMS COMMITTEE “K” SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this repo
5、rt is entireIy voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelIed.
6、SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 1996 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. The Engineering Society For Advancing Mobility Land Sea Air and Space I N T E R N A T I O N A L AMS 3157B Superseding AMS 3157A Issued 1-31-64 Revised10-15-80
7、 AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 OIL, FLUORESCENT PENETRANT High Fluorescence, Solvent Soluble 1. SCOPE: 1.1Form: This specification covers a petroleum-base material in the form of a high-fluorescence, solvent-soluble solution. 1.2Application: Prima
8、rily for use in fluorescent penetrant inspection of parts and assemblies for detection of surface discontinuities and imperfections, particularly when a darkness booth is not available for use in the examination. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The following publications form a part of this specification t
9、o the extent specified herein. The latest issue of Aerospace Material Specifications (AMS) shall apply. The applicable issue of other documents shall be as specified in AMS 2350. 2.1SAE Publications: Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.
10、AMS 2350 - Standards and Test Methods AMS 3160 - Solvent, Petroleum AMS 4045 - Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate, 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.26Cr (7075; -T6 Sheet; -T651 Plate) AMS 4375 - Magnesium Alloy Sheet and Plate, 3. 0Al - 1.0Zn (AZ31B-0) AMS 6350 - Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 0.95Cr - 020Mo (
11、0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130) 2.2ASTM Publications: Available from American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. ASTM D56 - Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester ASTM D91 - Precipitation Number of Lubricating Oils ASTM D95 - Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Ma
12、terials by Distillation ASTM D130 - Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test ASTM D287 - API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method) ASTM D445 - Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of D
13、ynamic Viscosity) ASTM D482 - Ash from Petroleum Products 2.3U. S. Government Publications: Available from Commanding Officer, Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120. 2.3.1 Military Standards: MIL-STD-794 - Parts and Equipment, Procedures for Packaging and Pac
14、king of 3.TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1Material: Shall be composed of suitable oil or oil-like components together with a dye or other additives necessary to provide a stable, hydrocarbon-solvent-soluble, highly penetrating, fluorescent solution having the properties specified in 3.2. Copyright1980 by
15、Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. AMS3157B - 2 - 3.2Properties: Penetrant shall conform to the following requirements; tests shall be performed on the penetrant supplied and in accordance with specified test methods: 3.2.1Flash Point: Shall be not lower tha
16、n 150 F (65 C), determined in accordance with ASTM D56. 3.2.2Water Content: Shall be not greater than 0.2%, determined in accordance with ASTM D95. 3.2.3After initial approval of vendors product as in 4.4.1., subsequent shipments shall not deviate from the qualification values for the following char
17、acteristics in excess of the percentages indicated: 3.2.3.1Gravity, deg API 3.2.3.2Viscosity, Kinematic at 100 F (37.8 C), Centistokes 3.2.3.3Ash, % max 3.2.3.4Precipitation Number, max 5%ASTM D287 10%ASTM D445 5%ASTM D482 10%ASTM D91 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 Toxicity: The oil shall conta
18、in materials of not more than low toxicity. The penetrant shall not cause discomfort or injury to persons using the oil under normal operating conditions. Solvent Solubility: Shall be such that the droplets produced when 1 or 2 drops of the penetrant are dropped into a beaker of AMS 3160 petroleum s
19、olvent at room temperature shall disperse immediately, leaving only a smoky appearance in the solvent. Fluorescent Brightness: Shall be not less than 85% of that found in the original product on which source approval was granted, determined in accordance with 4.5.1. Other test methods may be used wh
20、en agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. Fluorescent Stability: The fluorescent stability of the exposed specimens shall be not less than 90% of the same unexposed specimens, determined in accordance with 4.5.2. Corrosiveness: Specimens of AMS 4045 aluminum alloy, AMS 4375 magnesium alloy, and AMS 63
21、50 steel shall reveal no evidence of etching, pitting, or corrosion products after being exposed to a sample of the penetrant solution at 122F 2 (50 C 1) in accordance with the test procedure of ASTM D130. Tarnishing shall be no greater than that found by conducting similar tests using tap water. St
22、orage Life: A closed, filled container of each penetrant submitted for qualification shall meet the requirements of 3.2.1 through 3.2.8 after being stored at 60 - 100 F (16 - 38 C) for one year. 4.QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS: 4.1Responsibility for Inspection: The vendor of the penetrant shall suppl
23、y all samples for vendors tests and shall be responsible for performing all required tests. Results of such tests shall be reported to the purchaser as required by 4.6. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform such confirmatory testing as he deems necessary to ensure that the penetrant
24、conforms to the requirements of this specification, 4.2Classification of Tests: 4.2.1Acceptance Tests:Tests to determine conformance to all technical requirements of this specification, except storage life (3.2.9), are classified as acceptance tests and shall be performed on each lot. -,-,- - 3 - AM
25、S 3157B 4.2.2Preproduction Tests: Tests to determine conformance to all technical requirements of this specification are classified as preproduction tests and shall be performed on the initial shipment of the penetrant to a purchaser, when a change in material or processing requires reapproval as in
26、 4.4.2, and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be required. 4.2.2.1For direct U.S. Military procurement, substantiating test data and, when requested, preproduction test material shall be submitted to the cognizant agency as directed by the procuring activity, the contracting officer, or t
27、he request for procurement. 4.3Sampling: Sufficient penetrant shall be taken at random from each lot to perform all required tests in triplicate; a lot shall be all penetrant produced in a single production run from the same batches of raw materials under the same fixed conditions and presented for
28、vendors inspection at one time.A lot may be packaged in smaller quantities and delivered separately under the basic lot approval as long as lot identity is maintained, 4.4Approval: 4.4.1Sample penetrant shall be approved by purchaser before penetrant for production use is supplied, unless such appro
29、val be waived. Results of tests on production penetrant shall be essentially equivalent to those on the approved sample. 4.4.2Vendor shall use ingredients, manufacturing procedures, processes, and methods of inspection on production penetrant which are essentially the same as those used on the appro
30、ved sample penetrant. If any change is necessary in ingredients, in type of equipment for processing, or in manufacturing procedures, vendor shall submit for reapproval a statement of the proposed changes in material and processing and, when requested, sample penetrant. Production penetrant made by
31、the revised procedure shall not be shipped prior to receipt of reapproval. 4.5Test Methods: 4.5.1Fluorescent Brightness: 4.5.1.1Test Apparatus: Shall be a photoelectric photofluorometer, Coleman #12C or equivalent, equipped with a Coleman B-1-S primary filter (Corning 5874 glass) which has been sand
32、blasted on the side toward the sample, a Corning CS-3-132 secondary filter, and reflectance sample holder or equivalent. 4.5.1.2Preparation of Specimens: Small amounts of an approved reference penetrant and the penetrant to be tested shall be diluted with a non-fluorescent volatile solvent, such as
33、methylene chloride, in separate containers, in the ratio of one part sample to nine parts solvent.Both penetrants shall be soluble in the same solvent. The solutions shall be agitated and poured into separate wide- mouthed containers. Immediately after the solutions have been poured into the test co
34、ntainers, test paper specimens, Munktells No. 5 or equivalent, cut to fit the sample holder for the photofluorometer, shall be dipped into each solution, withdrawn, and held in a fixture to air dry. When the samples are dry, they shall be placed for 5 min. 0.5 in a preheated oven at 225 F 5 (107 C 3
35、). Six paper specimens shall be prepared for the reference sample and five for the test material. 4.5.1.3Test Procedure: AMS 3157B - 4 - 4.5.1.3.1Under black light, compare the reference sample specimens with the test material speci- mens, then use one of the reference specimens as a master for sett
36、ing the instrument, Place the master specimen under the leaf of the specimen holder, insert into the instrument, and press the shutter button down. If, under the black light, the test specimen appears brighter than the reference specimen, adjust the aperture control on the instrument so that, by rot
37、ating the specimen holder, the peak reading on the meter will be near 50. Adjust the reading to near 100 if the reference specimen appeared to be brighter than the test specimen. When a peak reading is obtained, the stop screw may be installed at a point which wi1l engage the pin in the rotated spec
38、imen holder. Installation of a stop screw is not essential if the specimen holder is rotated for each specimen and all readings are taken at peak of meter swing. 4.5.1.3.2Remove the master specimen from the holder, place a clean blank piece of the same type of filter paper in the holder, and reinser
39、t into the instrument. By means of the blanking controls (BLK), adjust the instrument so that the meter reads zero. Replace the blank filter paper with the master specimen and reinsert into the instrument. Using the standard control (STD), set the instrument so that all readings will be taken in the
40、 upper two-thirds of the meter range and then remove the master specimen. Place the remaining specimens in the holder, one at a time, read each specimen on one side only, and record the results. The five reference specimens and the five test specimens should be read alternately to compensate for ins
41、trument drift. After all readings have been recorded, average the readings of the specimens. Compare the average of the test specimens with the average of the reference specimens to determine conformance to the brightness requirements of 3.2.6. 4.5.2Fluorescent Stability: After reading the specimens
42、 for brightness as in 4.5.1, they shall. be exposed to black light, defined as the invisible radiant energy in that portion of the spectrum just beyond the blue of the visible spectrum, having a wave length of 3200 - 4000 Angstrom units (3.2 - 4.0 x 10-7 m). The intensity of the light shall be 90 -
43、150 ft-candles (969 - 1614 1x) in the center of the beam, approximately 15 in. (380 mm) from the specimen to be tested, when measured using an unfiltered Weston #703 illumination meter or equivalent. After the specimens have been ex- posed to black light for 1 hr 0.1, they shall be read again on the
44、 equipment used in 4.5.1 to determine any loss in brightness. Prior to measuring the exposed specimens, the equipment shall be restandardized, using the unexposed master specimen. 4.6Reports: The vendor of the penetrant shall furnish with each shipment three copies of a report showing the results of
45、 tests to determine conformance to the acceptance test requirements and stating that the penetrant conforms to the other technical requirements of this specification. This report shall include the purchase order number, AMS 3157B, vendors material designation, lot number, date of manufacture, and qu
46、antity. 4.7Resampling and Retesting: If any sample used in the above tests fails to meet the specified requirements, disposition of the penetrant may be based on the results of testing three additional samples for each original nonconforming sample. Failure of any retest sample to meet the specified
47、 requirements shall be cause for rejection of the penetrant represented and no additional testing shall be permitted. Results of all tests shall be reported. 5.PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY: 5.1 Identification: Each container shall be legibly marked to show AMS 3157B, purchase order number, vendors mater
48、ial designation, lot number, date of manufacture, and quantity, 5.2Packaging: -,-,- - 5 - AMS 3157B 5.2.1Packaging shall be accomplished in such a manner as to ensure that the penetrant, during shipment and storage, will be protected against damage from exposure to moisture, weather, or any other no
49、rmal hazard. 5.2.2Penetrant shall be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the penetrant to ensure carrier acceptance and safe delivery. Packaging shall conform to carrier rules and regulations applicable to the mode of transportation. 5.2.3For direct U.S. Military procurement, packaging shall be in accordance with