《SAE-ARP-1161A-2002-R2004.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《SAE-ARP-1161A-2002-R2004.pdf（32页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2004 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
3、this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4
4、970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS:http:/www.sae.org AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ARP1161 REV. A Issued1972-05 Revised2002-11 Reaffirmed2004-01 Superseding ARP1161 Crew Station Lighting Commercial Aircraft 1. SCOPE: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice cov
5、ers the recommended requirements for the lighting and characteristics of instruments; information plates and displays, emergency, cautionary, advisory and status displays; circuit breaker and toggle switch positions; and the recommended requirements for the utility lighting system. 1.1 Purpose: The
6、purpose of this document is to present a practical set of requirements for the lighting systems which provide illumination for crew station areas and displays and for the characteristics of displays which affect their readability. It is intended that it be used as a guide by those involved with the
7、design, use, or procurement of lighting systems for commercial and non-military aircraft or aerospace vehicles. 1.2 Specification Documents: As a general practice, it is recommended that a separate specification be prepared to define crew station lighting and separate specifications be prepared to d
8、efine each type of lighting. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. I
9、n the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. -,-,- SAE ARP1161 Revision A - 2 - 2.1 SAE P
10、ublications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. AMS 2521 Reflection-Reducing Coatings for Instrument Glasses 2.2 Federal Publications: Available from U.S. Government, DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
11、 Fed-STD-595 Colors 2.3 Military Publications: Available from U.S. Government, DOD SSP, Subscription Service Division, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. MIL-C-26482 Connectors, Electric, Circular, Miniature, Quick Disconnect, Environment Resisting MIL-P-7788 Panels, Infor
12、mation, Integral Illumination 2.4Other Publications: Baumunk, Dean B. “A Concept for Brightness Variation in Design of Aircraft Lighting Control Systems,“ Douglas Aircraft Company Paper No. 5852, October 1, 1970. 3. DEFINITIONS: 3.1 EMI: Electromagnetic Interference 3.2 ANSI: American National Stand
13、ards Institute Used herein to apply to that agencys system of numbering lamps (e.g., #715 is ANSI designation for a T-1 size unbased lamp equivalent to MS24367-715). 3.3 Photometric Terms: 3.3.1 Photometric Brightness: The intensity of illumination reflected or emitted by a surface as measured by a
14、photoelectric device. -,-,- SAE ARP1161 Revision A - 3 - 3.3.2 Footcandle: A measure of the intensity of illumination. One footcandle (FC) is the intensity of illumination at a point on a surface one foot from a uniform point source of one standard candle or the illumination of a surface one square
15、foot in area on which there is a uniformly distributed flux of one lumen. 3.3.3 Footlambert: A measure of the brightness of an emitting or reflecting surface. A 100% reflective surface illuminated by one footcandle has a brightness of one footlambert. 3.4 Illuminant C: A source of illumination havin
16、g an energy distribution similar to that adopted by the International Commission on Illumination as “average daylight”. Normally produced by a tungsten lamp and an appropriate filter. Also similar to “North skylight” illumination. 3.5 Light Leaks: Light emitted by a surface intended to be opaque; no
17、rmally associated with integral transilluminated systems. 3.6 Glare Source: Any light emitting source or reflective surface of similar brightness; normally associated with integral flood lit systems. 3.7 Stray Light: Light emitted by components of the lighting assembly directly into the crew station
18、 area. Stray light is not visible to crew station members but contributes to the ambient light level; normally associated with flood lit integrally-lighted displays. 3.8 Critical Viewing Sector: Those geometric sectors of an instrument which include the normal viewing angles of the various crew memb
19、ers for the particular instrument. 3.9 Noncritical Viewing Sector: Those geometric sectors of an instrument excluding the critical sectors. 3.10 Transilluminated Systems: Integrally lit displays in which the light source is behind the display and the light passes through the lit portions of the disp
20、lay. -,-,- SAE ARP1161 Revision A - 4 - 3.11 Flood Lit Systems: Integrally lit displays in which the light source or a light distributing material directs light to the front of the display where it is reflected to the observer. Examples of flood lit systems are wedge lighting, ring lighting, and par
21、allel plate lighting. 3.12 Flood Lighting: Lighting similar to normal home lighting where a light source floods a general area or is directed by reflectors to light a particular area. 3.13 Supplier: The manufacturer, vendor, or agency who supplies the lighted assembly to the “user”. 3.14 User: The a
22、ircraft company, airline or other agency who uses or installs the lighted assembly in a crew station. 3.15 Low Intensity Readability: The visual clarity of a lighted display when compared with other lighted displays, both energized at a selected low level of excitation. 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: 4.1
23、Color: 4.1.1 Illuminant: The color of illumination, unless otherwise specified in subsequent sections, shall be white, (unfiltered) incandescent lighting or its equivalent. The use of the term “unfiltered” shall not preclude the use of materials to compensate for color changes caused by nomenclature
24、 films or by light sources appreciably different in color than incandescent sources. When compensation is required, the manufacturer is cautioned to avoid overcompensation and the appearance of a “cool white” color. Materials used for color compensation should be color stable and not subject to dama
25、ge or loss with normal lamp replacement. 4.1.2 Nomenclature: Unless otherwise specified, the color of white nomenclature when illuminated by its own lighting system at rated voltage, shall meet one of the following requirements: Color Temperature: The color temperature shall be within 1880 K and 246
26、0 K. Note: Color temperature is generally an inappropriate measure for any light source except unfiltered incandescent light. Spectro-Radiometric or Colorimetric Measurements: The value of x shall be .510 0.30 and the value of y shall be .415 .030 on the CIE Chromaticity Diagram. When a colorimetric
27、 measurement is used, the calibration source shall be a tungsten lamp whose color is 2360 K. -,-,- SAE ARP1161 Revision A - 5 - 4.1.2 (Continued): Visual Comparison (Preferred Method): The nomenclature shall not appear more yellow than a matte white surface (Fed-Std-595, Color 37875) illuminated to
28、approximately the same brightness as the nomenclature by unfiltered light from an MS24367-683 lamp energized at 4.50 volts .03 volts, or more blue than the above surface illuminated to approximately the same brightness as the nomenclature by unfiltered light from an MS24367-715 lamp energized at 5.0
29、0 volts .03 volts. 4.1.3 Color Specification: When not integrally lighted or when in the nonlit condition, all colors shall match the specified color when viewed under Illuminant C (e.g. MacBeth North Skylight or equivalent). Colors including their finish shall be per Fed-Std-595 unless otherwise sp
30、ecified. When possible, it is recommended that colors be selected and used for specific purposes as shown in Table 1. 4.2 Glare Sources: 4.2.1All lighting shall be so housed that the lamp, light source, or any reflective areas of similar intensity are not visible to any crew member as he performs hi
31、s duties. In addition, the housing of flood lit systems shall minimize the light in all areas except the area desired to be lit. 4.2.2 Anti-Reflective Coating: Each face of a transparency which is in view of a crew member and which interfaces with a medium, such as air, liquid, or other material, wh
32、ich has refractive or reflective properties different from the transparency, shall be coated or otherwise designed to reduce reflections and increase the light transmission through the transparency or its system. Unless otherwise specified, the transparency surfaces or system shall meet the requirem
33、ents of AMS 2521. 4.3 Contrast: Unless otherwise specified, the contrast between white and black areas of display shall be 12 or greater; between white and gray areas of a display 5 or greater. Contrast shall be defined and measured per MIL-P-778. 4.4 Lamps: 4.4.1 Replaceability: It shall be a desig
34、n objective for the lighting system including its lamps that its operating life, expressed as Mean Time Between Unscheduled Removals (MTBUR), shall exceed the MTBUR of any other portion of the instrument. Where practical, the lamps of a lighting system shall be replaceable without major disassembly
35、of the device containing the lighting system. Replacement of lamps shall not require light rebalancing. 4.4.2 Lamp Types: The number of different types of lamps that are used throughout the cockpit lighting systems should be held to a minimum. The lamps in any one display shall be of one type. The l
36、amps used in a lighting system shall be one of the types specified in the appropriate section of this document. -,-,- SAE ARP1161 Revision A - 6 - 4.4.3 Lamp Placement: The lamps in an integrally lit system shall be so arranged that no portion of a display depends upon one lamp for its illumination.
37、 The loss of one lamp in such a display shall not diminish the brightness of any indicia below 40% of the minimum value specified for the display. 4.4.4 Lamp Circuits: The lamp circuits shall be designed to operate from a DC or a 400 Hertz AC system. Voltages of the systems shall be 5.0, 28.0, or 11
38、0.0 as appropriate for the vehicle and system. All lamps in a single display shall be connected in parallel with the lamp(s) removed, the insulation resistance of the lighting circuits shall be at least 100 megohms when measured between the power terminal and the case or ground. 4.4.5 Interchangeabl
39、e Lamps of Different Voltages: Lamps which operate at different nominal voltages and are dimensionally interchangeable shall not be used in the flight crew station, unless it can be demonstrated that the consequences of their inadvertent mix-up would not have an adverse cost effect on the overall op
40、eration of the aircraft including crew function, flight safety, dispatchability or maintainability. 4.4.6 Lamp Identification: Identifying information shall be clearly and permanently marked on each lighted display or near the lamp receptacles or lamp installation points of all cockpit light fixture
41、s in a manner that is readily visible to the person replacing the lamps. It is recommended that the identifying information include the nominal voltage in addition to the lamp type number, e.g. (#387(28V). The corresponding lamp “identifying information” also should be marked by the holder for the r
42、espective lamps in the cockpit “spare lamps” stowage compartment. 4.4.7 Legibility: Markings of displays should be such that they may be easily read under a wide range of lighting conditions. Some recommended fonts are New Gothic and Futura Medium. 4.5 Light Control Requirements: 4.5.1 Intensity Con
43、trols: Unless otherwise specified, each group of instruments, light plates, and displays on the same panel shall have a common lighting control which provides a smooth, continuous change in apparent intensity from the point of minimum brightness to the point of maximum brightness. Intensity controls
44、 for utility, annunciator, and integral instrument and panel lighting shall be independent of each other. Certain displays (e.g. electronic projection displays) may require individual brightness controls because of the unique nature of their presentation. 4.5.2 Control: 4.5.2.1The full bright positi
45、on for a typical rotary type lighting control shall be the extreme clockwise position, with the power OFF position at the extreme counterclockwise position. The first power ON position should provide a selected minimum excitation. 4.5.2.2A variation in light emitted from a lighting system is conside
46、red optimum when the output between each succeeding linear position of its controller is a constant ratio, which in mathematical terms, is in geometrical progression. (See Appendix A, and Reference 2.4.) -,-,- SAE ARP1161 Revision A - 7 - 4.5.2.3A method of defining the requirements for an incandesc
47、ent lighting control system to provide for a change in intensity as a geometrical progression is illustrated in Figure 1 and is described as follows: a.Prepare a graph with the abscissa as a linear scale and the ordinate as a log scale. b.Divide the abscissa into equally spaced divisions correspondi
48、ng to the desired number of equally spaced positions of the control selector. The first position should be that where power is applied initially to the lighting system to produce its minimum required intensity or threshold brightness. c.Label the ordinate either in percent (up to 100%) or in absolute values of the electrical parameter being considered, e.g. percent voltage, or 1, 2, 3, etc. volts. d.Plot the following points: Point A: This is the value of the electrical parameter (i.e. volts) for minimum required brightness plotted against the lowest intensity position of the selector. Po