《SAE-ARP-5430-2001-R2006.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《SAE-ARP-5430-2001-R2006.pdf（52页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2006 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
3、 be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fa
4、x: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS:http:/www.sae.org AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ARP5430 Issued2001-07 Reaffirmed2006-08 Human Interface Criteria for Vertical Situation Awareness Displays RATIONALE This document has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE 5-year Review p
5、olicy. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following document was a collaborative effort of many dedicated and experienced individuals who provided the perspective from a representative cross-section of the international aerospace industry. Their efforts and contributions have resulted in a document that considers
6、 not only flight crew performance issues but also implementation, certification and operational limitations and constraints. The following individuals and organizations have contributed directly to the development of this document: Bruno AymericSextant AvioniqueClaudius LaBurtheAirbus Industrie Denn
7、is BerringerFAA Paul LeckmanBoeing George BoucekBoeing (ret.)George LyddaneFAA C. W. ConnorDelta Airline (ret.) Dick McKinneyAmerican Airline (ret.) Colleen DonovanFAA Frank MurphyBoeing (ret.) Alan JacobsenBoeingCharles OmanMIT/VOLPE Ratan KhatwaRockwell CollinsGary OwenRockwell Collins Daryal Kunt
8、manAllied Signal/HoneywellAmy PritchettGeorgia Tech. Univ. James KucharMITBill StevensBF Goodrich Avionics Guy ShavivNASA Ames RC We also wish to thank all the many individuals who contributed to the depth and quality of this document through their constructive reviews and comments. SAE ARP5430 - 2
9、- TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.SCOPE .4 2.REFERENCES .5 2.1Applicable Documents .5 2.2Regulatory Publications .6 3.GLOSSARY7 3.1Acronyms and Abbreviations .7 3.2Definition of Terms .8 4.DESIGN OBJECTIVES.13 4.1Background13 4.2Objectives 13 5.CANDIDATE GRAPHIC DISPLAY CONCEPTS.14 5.1Profile Display14 5.2Three
10、-Dimensional Navigation Display15 6.SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS16 6.1Data Acquisition.16 6.2Information Transmission.17 6.3Self-Diagnosis18 7.FLIGHT DECK INTEGRATION.18 7.1Integration with the Total Flight Deck.19 7.2Integration Considerations.21 8.FLIGHT CREW INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS.
11、21 8.1Basic Information Content21 8.2Vertical Profile Display/Coplanar22 8.2.1Intended Flight Crew Usage.22 8.2.2Basic Characteristics of the Vertical Profile Display.22 8.2.3Display Characteristics.23 8.2.4Procedural Considerations.32 8.3Three Dimensional Navigation Display32 8.3.1Projection Parame
12、ters and Types32 8.3.2Ground/3D Reference Symbology.39 SAE ARP5430 - 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 8.3.3Direction.42 8.3.4Occlusions .43 8.3.5Interposition/Layering.43 8.3.6Display of Projection Parameters.44 8.3.73D Symbology44 8.3.8Viewing Dynamics45 8.3.9Field of View.45 8.3.10Range 45 8.3.11
13、Look Behind Capability 46 8.3.12Existing ND Functionality.47 8.3.13Horizontal Versus Vertical Referenced Data48 8.3.14Projection Limits/Clipping.48 8.3.15Elevation of Ground Reference Plane49 8.3.16Clutter Control49 8.4Alerting Depiction.49 8.5Controls50 8.5.1General 50 8.5.2Specific VSAD Control Is
14、sues50 APPENDIX A BIBLIOGRAPHY .51 -,-,- SAE ARP5430 - 4 - 1.SCOPE: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) sets forth design and operational recommendations concerning the human factors/crew interface considerations and criteria for vertical situation awareness displays. This is the first of
15、two recommended practice documents that will address vertical situation awareness displays (VSAD). This document will focus on the performance/ planning types of display (e.g., the map display) and will be limited to providing recommendations concerning human factored crew interfaces and will not ad
16、dress architecture issues. This document focuses on two types of VSAD displays: a coplanar implementation of a profile display (side projection) and a conventional horizontal map display; and a 3D map display (geometric projection). It is intended for head down display applications. However, other f
17、ormats or presentation methods, such as HUDs, HMDs and 3D audio presentations may become more feasible in the future. Even though the relationship of the vertical information and the horizontal map display will be addressed, it is not within the scope of this document to cover Raster Aeronautical Ch
18、arting displays, or the presentation of vertical status information in horizontal map displays (e.g., altitude errors; altitude range arcs). A second ARP document will be developed to provide recommended practices for the control types of display (e.g., primary flight display) one of which will be a
19、 perspective primary flight display. In this document, the display and control characteristics are covered for displays that contain vertical situation components as well as the alerting depiction associated with the VSAD. It is assumed that the vertical situation awareness may be provided by one or
20、 more crew interface component(s). Although the system functionality assumed for this document exemplifies fixed-wing aircraft implementation, the recommendations do not preclude other aircraft types. The recommendations contained in this document address currently envisioned functionality for a ver
21、tical situation awareness display, namely: stabilization of flight path; aircraft energy management; vertical navigation, as well as external hazards such as weather, traffic, and terrain. Since this document provides recommendations, the guidance is provided in the form of “should” statements as op
22、posed to the “shall” statements that appear in standards and regulations. When “shall” statements are used, the regulation or standard is referenced (where applicable). The assumptions about the system that guided and bounded the recommendations contained in this document include: the system is an o
23、n-board (flight deck based) system displaying vertical situation information to the flight crew; multiple sources of vertical position data will be used and some of the data may be transmitted to the airplane from the ground or satellite no changes to the existing airspace infrastructure should be r
24、equired there will be pilot-in-the-loop/manual or automatic involvement in all flight path adjustments information provided should be accessible by all pilots the system will address fixed wing airplane types the system will be based on the English language, but other languages may have to be consid
25、ered the system may be operated during all phases of flight the system may be operated under different metric conventions (e.g., QFE/QNH or feet/meters) -,-,- SAE ARP5430 - 5 - 1. (Continued): the VSAD is not intended to replace any of the alerting system components (EICAS, TAWS, TCAS, GPWS, Altitud
26、e Alert, etc.). There will, however, be a close relationship between the VSAD and TAWS since both use some of the same sensors, data bases, and address some of the same issues human centered design principles will be applied to the system design “lessons learned” from past implementations will be ap
27、plied to the design the display function may be stand-alone or part of a multi-function display the display will meet harmonized certification requirements and it will be designed with the understanding that if it is in the flight deck the flight crew will use it. 2.REFERENCES: 2.1Applicable Documen
28、ts: The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this d
29、ocument and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
30、AS264Instrument and Cockpit Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft ARP268Location and Actuation of Flight Deck Controls for Transport Aircraft AS425CNomenclature and Abbreviations for Use on the Flight Deck ARP571Flight Deck Controls and Displays for Communication and Navigation Equipment for Tr
31、ansport Aircraft ARP1068Flight Deck Instrumentation, Display Criteria and Associated Controls for Transport Aircraft ARP1093Numeral, Letter, and Symbol Dimensions for Aircraft Instrument Displays ARP1161Crew Station Lighting - Commercial Aircraft ARP1782Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Proce
32、dures for Direct View CRT Displays ARP1874Design Objectives for CRT Displays for Part 25 (Transport) Aircraft ARP4032Human Engineering Considerations in the Application of Color to Electronic Aircraft Displays ARP4033Pilot-System Integration ARP4101Core Document, Flight Deck Layout and Facilities AR
33、P4101/2Pilot Visibility from the Flight Deck ARP4102Core Document, Flight Deck Panels, Controls and Displays ARP4102/4Flight Deck Alerting Systems -,-,- SAE ARP5430 - 6 - 2.1.1 (Continued): ARP4102/7Electronic Displays ARP4102/7 Appendix A - Electronic Display Symbology for EADI/PFD ARP4102/7 Append
34、ix B - Electronic Display Symbology for EHSI/ND ARP4102/7 Appendix C - Electronic Display Symbology for Engine Displays ARP4105Abbreviations and Acronyms for Use on the Flight Deck ARP4107Aerospace Glossary for Human Factors Engineers ARP4153Human Interface Criteria for Collision Avoidance Systems i
35、n Transport Aircraft ARP4256Design Objectives for Liquid Crystal Displays for Part 25 (Transport) Aircraft ARP4260Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Airborne Direct View Flat Panel Displays (when approved) AS8034Minimum Performance Standards for Airborne Multipurpose Electronic
36、Displays 2.1.2FAA Publications: Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591. FAA-RD-81-38IIAircraft Alerting System Standardization Study: Volume II Aircraft Alerting System Design Guidelines (Berson, et. al.,1981) DOT/FAA/PS-89/1Flight Status Mo
37、nitor Design Guidelines (Anderson, et. al. 1989) 2.1.3EUROCAE Publications: Available from EUROCAE, 17 Rue Hamelin, 75783 Paris Cedex 16, France. EUROCAE ED76/RTCA DO200AStandards for Processing Aeronautical Data EUROCAE ED77/RTCA DO201AIndustry Requirements for Aeronautical Information 2.2Related P
38、ublications: The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Aerospace Technical Report. FAA AC-23.1309-1AEquipment, Systems, and Installations in Part 23 Airplane FAA AC-23.1311-1Installation of Electronic Display Instrument Systems In P
39、art 23 Airplanes FAA AC 25-11Transport Category Airplane Electronic Display Systems FAA Ac-25.1309-1ASystem Design Analysis FAR Part 23Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes FAR Part 25/Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes JAR Part 25 FA
40、R Part 27Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft TSO-C113Airborne Multipurpose Electronic Displays -,-,- SAE ARP5430 - 7 - 3.GLOSSARY: 3.1Acronyms and Abbreviations: 3DThree Dimensional ACAdvisory Circular ADS-BAutomatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast ARPAerospace Recommended Practi
41、ce (SAE) ATC Air Traffic Control A/VAircraft/Vehicle CDUControl Display Unit CFITControlled Flight into Terrain EADIElectronic Attitude Direction Indicator EHSIElectronic Horizontal Situation Indicator FAAFederal Aviation Administration FARFederal Aviation Regulation FMSFlight Management System FSFF
42、light Safety Foundation GPSGlobal Positioning System HUDHead Up Display ILSInstrument Landing System JARJoint Aviation Requirements LNAVLateral Navigation LOSLine of Sight MCPMode Control Panel NDNavigation Display PFDPrimary Flight Display POGPoint of Gaze POIPoint of Interest PPOSPresent Position
43、QFEField Elevation Pressure QNEStandard Altimeter Setting QNHSea Level Pressure RNAVArea Navigation SAESociety of Automotive Engineers, Inc TATraffic Advisory TAWSTerrain Awareness Warning System TCASTraffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System TISTraffic Information Service VNAVVertical Navigation
44、VSADVertical Situation Awareness Display VPDVertical Profile Display WXRWeather Radar (Airborne) -,-,- SAE ARP5430 - 8 - 3.2Definition of Terms: 3D NAVIGATION DISPLAY: An electronic map display format that graphically shows both horizontal and vertical information within the same image using a three
45、-dimensional perspective or orthogonal projection on a two-dimensional display medium. ABSOLUTE ALTITUDE: Height of the aircraft above the terrain ACCURACY: A measure of the difference between the reported position as compared to the true position. Accuracy is usually defined in statistical terms of
46、 either: (1) a mean (bias) and a variation about the mean as defined by the standard deviation (sigma) or (2) a root mean square (rms) value from the mean. The values given in this document are in terms of the two sigma variation from an assumed zero mean error. AIRCRAFT/VEHICLE (A/V): Either (1) a
47、machine or service capable of atmospheric flight, or (2) a vehicle on the airport surface movement area. AIRPLANE STATE: The variables required to fully describe the dynamic behavior of an airplane and to predict this behavior into the future. These variables include speed, flight path vector, attit
48、ude (pitch and roll), and horizontal track. Aircraft state is often represented as a state vector, which comprises the minimum number of values required to fully specify the state; from the state vector, related values such as angle of attack, flight path angle and sideslip can be derived. AIR MASS
49、DATA: Air mass data includes all aircraft sensor information which measures or is derived from the aircraft-local properties of the atmosphere. Direct measurements include air temperature, pressure, humidity and density; derived measurements include barometric corrected altitude (QNH), vertical speed and computed airspeed