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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org ARP4967 REV. A AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 1995-01 Reaffirmed 2004-01 Revised 2007-03 Superseding ARP4967 (R) Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS) Integrally Illuminated Information Panels RATIONALE This doc
5、ument is to support the engineering design effort for the creation of NVIS compatible panels. 1. SCOPE This document is intended to highlight critical design issues that a panel designer should understand when designing panels for NVIS applications. It is not intended to be a discussion of the benef
6、its of one lighting technology versus another. See ARP4168 for a more complete discussion of these lighting technologies. 1.1 Purpose 1.1.1 This document covers design considerations for NVIS panels when utilizing incandescent, electroluminescent, or LED light sources that, when filtered, produce NV
7、IS compatible panels that meet the requirement specified in MIL-L-85762 or MIL-STD-3009. 1.1.2 Definition NVIS compatible integrally illuminated information panels are panels where the spectral wavelengths, luminance level, and uniformity will not interfere with the intended use of night vision gogg
8、les, and allow the crew member to view the panel with the unaided eye. 1.1.3 Reference For a more complete discussion of the properties of incandescent and electroluminescent lamps, see ARP4168. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the ext
9、ent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes p
10、recedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 18:42:13 MSTNo reproduction or n
11、etworking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4967 Revision A - 2 - 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. ARP4168 Night Vision Goggl
12、e (NVG) Compatible Light Sources ARP4169 Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Filters AS7788 Panels, Information, Integrally Illuminated 2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications Available from Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-6
13、97-6257, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ MIL-STD-3009 Lighting, Aircraft, Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible MIL-PRF-5425 Plastic Sheet, Acrylic, Heat Resistant MIL-PRF-19500/708 Displays, Diode, Light Emitting, Solid State, Red, Numeric and Hexadecimal, With On Board Decoder/Drive
14、r MIL-L-85762 Lighting, Aircraft, Interior, Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible NASM3498 Screw Assembly, Panel 3. LIGHT SOURCES 3.1 Lamps, Incandescent The designer needs to select a lamp that is compatible with the available power, which normally in incandescent applications is 5.0 or 28.
15、0 V. In type IV or V panels, it is recommended to use T 1 short length wire terminal bulbs which, because of their size, are readily adaptable to NVIS compatible filters which are available. Selection of lamps should also take into consideration that some NVIS filters also will absorb a significant
16、amount of available light. Maximum power consumption limits on the panel manufacturer should not be too restrictive. 3.2 Lamps, Electroluminescent The phosphors used in thick film electroluminescent lamps have spectral energy distribution emissions which are essentially contained within visible spec
17、trum with little emission in the near infrared. However, some filtering is generally required in order to meet the NVIS radiance requirements of MIL-L-85762 or MIL-STD-3009. Thick film EL lamps are AC operated devices and, therefore, AC power (typically 115 V/400 Hz) must be available to the panel.
18、This is normally accomplished by either aircraft power or by the use of small low voltage DC to AC inverters. 3.3 Lamps, Light Emitting Diodes LED lamps may be either hermetic or plastic encapsulated packages with leads for either through hole or surface mount assembly. The LED lamps should be selec
19、ted for light output and color and undergo reliability screening as may be deemed necessary. Screening should be performed in accordance with either MIL-PRF-19500/708 or as detailed in the LED lamps specification. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Sup
20、ply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 18:42:13 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4967 Revision A - 3 - 3.4 Further Data It is recommended that additional details relative to light sources can be found in ARP4168. 4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 4.1 Pan
21、el Thickness The thickness allowed by AS7788 is 0.230 inches 0.023 inches. 4.1.1 Incandescent and LED Panels Standard cast acrylic sheet to MIL-P-5425 runs more to the nominal and -0.023 inches thickness than it does to the plus side of the tolerance. It is recommended that a thickness not to exceed
22、 0.253 inches be allowed to accommodate the various lengths of cylindrical filters which are available to the panel manufacturers and still allow a sufficient amount of material in between the top and bottom of the filter as specified in AS7788. 4.1.2 Electroluminescent Panels EL lamps are a flat ar
23、ea light source and thus panels utilizing them do not require light piping and/or cylindrical filters. This allows EL panels to be made as thin as 0.100 inch when required, which is well below the requirements of AS7788, or the recommended design thickness for incandescent panels. 4.2 Color of Illum
24、ination The lettering, numbering, and marking on the panel shall be white in daylight when the lighting units are not energized. When the lighting units are energized, the light transmitted through the panel markings and all elements illuminated by the panel shall fall within the area of the 1976 CI
25、E chromaticity diagram described as u1=.088, v1=.543, r.037 as specified in MIL-L-85762 for NVIS green “A”. Special consideration in the paint selection must be included since the white paint used for non-NVIS panels can fluorescence when illuminated with NVIS filters. Color selection for the paint
26、should be in accordance to AS7788, paragraph 3.7.2.1 that allows either color No. 37875 or 37925. 4.3 Brightness of Markings The brightness of all markings on the panel shall be 1.0 fL 0.5 fL with nominal voltage applied to the connector. The average of all the markings shall be 1.0 fL 0.2 fL. 4.4 M
27、ounting Techniques AS7788 specifies grommets and captive screws per MS3498 (replaced by NASM3498). Manufacturers may offer a variety of alternative mounting techniques. 4.5 Power Requirements Power draw at rated voltage varies between the two technologies. 4.5.1 Incandescent Panels Power requirement
28、s will vary based on panel layout which determines the quantity of lamps and filters. 4.5.2 Electroluminescent Panels Power requirements are roughly 45 mW/in2 of lighted area. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/
29、04/2007 18:42:13 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4967 Revision A - 4 - 4.5.3 LED Panels Power requirements will vary based on panel layout which determines the quantity of LEDs and filters. 4.6 Rated Voltage AS7788 specifies 5.0 V .05 V or 28.0 V .1 V
30、 for incandescent panels except for incandescent blue/white panels which are rated at 4.5 V .05 V and 115 V 2 V 400 Hz 5 Hz for EL. 5. NVIS COMPATIBLE FILTERS FOR AS7788 PANELS 5.1 Filters for Incandescent Lamps The incandescent lamps used in type IV and type V panels need to be filtered to achieve
31、NVIS compatibility as defined by MIL-L-85762 or MIL-STD-3009. Filters, made of NVIS compatible filter material are used to encapsulate the lamps. The NVIS compatible material transmits the lamps energy in the wavelength region where NVIS has little or no sensitivity, typically in the blue and green
32、regions of the visible spectrum. The filter material suppresses the red and near-infrared energy from the lamp to reduce the amount of energy which is emitted in the NVIS response region. The spectral distribution of an incandescent lamp varies as a function of applied voltage. As a result, the colo
33、r coordinates of the filtered lamp will also vary. It is important to consider this variability when selecting a filter. For example, some filter materials will exhibit a large color shift as a function of the applied voltage. These materials are typically very blue in color. Greener appearing filte
34、rs are much less susceptible to this color shift. A panel will remain in the specified color region over the entire operating range of the lamp. Similarly, the measured NVIS radiance of the filtered lamp will also vary as a function of the applied voltage. In general, NVIS radiance (Scaled to the Sp
35、ecified Luminance Level) increases as voltage is reduced on an incandescent lamp. Therefore, it is possible to meet the MIL-L-85762 or MIL-STD- 3009 requirements for NVIS radiance at a particular voltage level, however, at lower voltage levels, the measured NVIS radiance of the same component can ex
36、ceed the maximum allowable value. Again, this phenomenon is related to the color of the filter material. Blue filter material is much more susceptible to this variation in NVIS radiance than is green filter material. A final consideration for the selection of filter material is the need to make the
37、panels uniform in appearance with respect to other lighting sources in the cockpit. Typically, edge lighted panels are in proximity to other emitting light sources such as monochromatic CRTs or LED displays. Green is the most common color of these displays. Therefore, it is important that the color
38、of the panels surrounding these displays appears as close as possible to the display color. Green filter material will provide this uniformity and will eliminate the “Christmas tree” color variation which is undesirable in an NVIS- equipped cockpit. 5.2 Filters for Electroluminescent Panels There ar
39、e a number of filters available to filter the energy from the EL source to meet the requirements of MIL-L-85762 or MIL-STD-3009. These filters generally range in thickness from 0.010 to 0.030 inches depending on the manufacturer. The spectral energy distribution of an electroluminescent lamp does no
40、t vary as a function of the applied voltage and, therefore, the color and NVIS radiance (Scaled to the Specified Luminance Level) remain constant as the intensity is varied. This simplifies filtration requirements. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Su
41、pply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 18:42:13 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4967 Revision A - 5 - 5.3 Filters for LED Panels The LEDs used in type VII panels still require some level of filtering to be fully compliant to MIL-L- 85762 or MI
42、L-STD- 3009. LED spectral distribution does not change as radically as incandescent lamps will. Therefore, large color shifts will not be a factor in considering filter selection. However, the mixing of LED and incandescent panels within the same cockpit can create a multitude of green colors. There
43、fore, it is important that the filter selection should aid in providing a uniform color that will match the other nearby light sources within the cockpit environment. 5.4 Further Data It is recommended that additional details relative to NVG filters can be found in ARP4169. 6. TEST EQUIPMENT Test eq
44、uipment required for verification of NVIS compatibility shall be in accordance with current revision of MIL-L-85762 Appendix B, spectral radiance, luminance and illuminance measuring equipment of MIL-L-85762. 7. INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE TESTING Panels shall be inspected and tested for visual examin
45、ation, luminance and illuminance, chromaticity, spectral radiance and light leak inspection in accordance with MIL-L-85762 or MIL-STD-3009 Table V quality conformance inspection, except for the daylight legibility and readability requirement. 8. NOTES 8.1 The change bar ( l ) located in the left mar
46、gin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document. PREPARED BY SAE COMMITTEE A-20, AIRCRAFT LIGHTING Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 18:42:13 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-