《SAE-ARP-993C-2001-R2007.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《SAE-ARP-993C-2001-R2007.pdf（36页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
3、 be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fa
4、x: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS:http:/www.sae.org AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ARP993 REV. C Issued1967-06 Revised2001-06 Reaffirmed2007-01 Superseding ARP993B Fluidic Technology RATIONALE This document has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE 5-year Review policy.
5、FOREWORD Fluidics is the control technology that relies on fluid interactions to perform functions of sensing, logic, amplification, signal transmission, signal conditioning and control. Fluidics, therefore, parallels many of the functions traditionally associated with electronics. Pure fluidics, so
6、metimes called fluerics, employs no moving part mechanical devices at all, but most operational fluidic systems employ mechanical peripheral components, such as valves, actuators, push buttons, switches commonly associated with fluid power control. Since the original release of this document, signif
7、icant changes have occurred in the fluidic technology. A number of successful applications have been in operation for many years. They have proven that the current state of the technology offers significant advantages over other methods of performing the same functions when requirements call for: a.
8、High reliability b.Operation in harsh environments such as high temperature, EMI/EMP, vibration c.Protection from, or immunity to nuclear, electromagnetic, or directed beam weapons d.Deadband free amplification and switching e.Operating frequencies beyond the capability of hydromechanical control el
9、ements Fluidics may be implemented in either pneumatic or oil based systems. Pneumatic applications frequently use available energy, such as engine compressor discharge, as power. Hydraulic fluidics employ standard aircraft hydraulic fluids, but frequently operate at much lower pressures than the ma
10、in/ power hydraulic system. In the most sensitive sensing and control applications, such as rate sensing, the use of laminar flow nozzles offers very high signal/noise ratio systems. Fluidics are usually integrated with fluid power control systems and require appropriate interface devices with these
11、 systems. Reference should be made to the appropriate fluid power systems specification. The power fluid conditioning for fluidic devices is described in AIR1245. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 21:23
12、:02 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP993 Revision C - 2 - FOREWORD (Continued) The content of this document is not necessarily complete and may be revised on a continuing basis as the field demands. No attempt has been made to be all inclusive in the l
13、isting of types of devices or elements, nor could the suggested specification parameters be considered more than a guideline to the types of parameters which have so far been found of importance. Similarly, it is difficult to establish test procedures in a field where wide variations in devices exis
14、t and where new devices of a highly proprietary nature may be added. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.SCOPE . 4 1.1Purpose 4 2.REFERENCES . 4 2.1Applicable Documents . 4 2.2Definitions 4 2.2.1General 4 2.2.2Amplifiers . 5 2.2.3Transducers . 8 2.2.4Sensors 8 2.2.5Actuators 8 2.2.6Displays . 9 2.2.7Logic Devices.
15、9 2.2.8Circuit Elements. 9 2.2.9Nomenclature and Units. 9 3.GRAPHIC SYMBOLOGY13 3.1Functional Logic Symbols14 3.2Fluidic Circuit Components14 3.3Typical Circuit Diagrams 14 3.4Digital Fluidic Devices14 3.5Analog Fluidic Devices.19 3.6Laminar Versus Turbulent Flow-Fluidic Devices19 4.FLUIDIC DEFINITI
16、ONS19 4.1General 19 4.1.1Fluid Resistance.21 4.1.2Fluid Capacitance 22 4.1.3Fluid Inertance .22 4.1.4Fluid Current (Flow) .22 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 21:23:02 MSTNo reproduction or networking
17、permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP993 Revision C - 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 4.2Digital Elements.22 4.2.1Pressure Gain (Amplification) 22 4.2.2Flow Gain (Amplification).22 4.2.3Power Gain (Amplification).22 4.2.4Fanout22 4.2.5Response.22 4.2.6Noise24 4.2.7Hysteresis 24 4.2.8Con
18、trol Impedance.25 4.2.9Output Impedance .25 4.3Proportional Elements25 4.3.1Pressure Gain (Local)25 4.3.2Flow Gain (Local).25 4.3.3Power Gain (Local) 25 4.3.4Pressure Gain (Overall) .25 4.3.5Flow Gain (Overall)25 4.3.6Power Gain (Overall)26 4.3.7Frequency Response.26 4.3.8Noise26 4.3.9Saturation.26
19、4.3.10Linearity .26 4.3.11Hysteresis 26 4.3.12Control Impedance.28 4.3.13Output Impedance .28 5.SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 29 5.1Function .29 5.2Type .30 5.3Configuration30 5.4Performance 30 5.4.1General 30 5.4.2Digital Amplifiers 32 5.4.3Characteristic Curves (Digital Amplifiers).32 5.4.4Pr
20、oportional Amplifiers.35 5.4.5Characteristic Curves (Proportional Amplifiers).35 6.NOTES36 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 21:23:02 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
21、-,-,- SAE ARP993 Revision C - 4 - 1.SCOPE: The scope of this document is limited to encompass terminology, symbols, performance criteria and methods reflecting the current status of the technology. 1.1Purpose: The purpose of this document is to promote the use of a common terminology and useful symb
22、ols and to encourage users and manufacturers of fluidic devices and systems to conform to meaningful standards of performance. This document is intended for use as the basis for a procurement specification for fluidic devices and systems when the need for such a specification arises. This document s
23、hall be the starting point for future SAE documents, either through revision or addition, in the field of fluidics as such documents become necessary. 2.REFERENCES: 2.1Applicable Documents: The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The latest issue
24、of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this specification and references cited herein, the text of this specification takes precedence. Nothing in this sp
25、ecification, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. AIR1245Power Sources for Fluidic Control ARP4386Terminology and Definitions for Aerospace Fluid Power, Actuation, and Control Technologies 2.2Definitions: 2.2.1General: FLUIDICS: The gener
26、al field of fluid devices and systems performing sensing, logic, amplification and control functions employing primarily no-moving-part (flueric) devices. FLUERIC: An adjective which can be applied to fluidic devices and systems performing sensing, logic, amplification, and control functions if no m
27、oving mechanical elements whatsoever are used. ELEMENTS: The general class of devices in their simplest form used to make up fluidic components and circuits; for example, fluidic restrictors and capacitors, a proportional amplifier or an OR-NOR logic gate. Elements are the least “common denominators
28、“ of the fluidics technology. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 21:23:02 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP993 Revision C - 5 - FIGURE 1 - Jet Interaction
29、Amplifier 2.2.1 (Continued): ANALOG: The general class of devices or circuits whose output is a continuous function of its input; for example, a proportional amplifier. DIGITAL: The general class of devices or circuits whose output is a discontinuous function of its input; for example, a bistable am
30、plifier. ACTIVE: The general class of devices which respond to a signal or signals separate from the fluid stream which powers the output. PASSIVE: The general class of devices which operate on the signal inputs without the use of a separate power supply. 2.2.2Amplifiers: AMPLIFIER: An active fluidi
31、c component which provides a variation in output power greater than the impressed control signal variation. The polarity of the output may be either positive or negative relative to the control signal. The level (pressure or flow) of the control signal may be greater or less than the respective outp
32、ut levels. PRESSURE AMPLIFIER: A component designed specifically for amplifying pressure signals, usually with high impedance output. FLOW AMPLIFIER: A component designed specifically for amplifying flow signals, usually with low impedance output. POWER AMPLIFIER: A component designed specifically f
33、or increasing signal power. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 21:23:02 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP993 Revision C - 6 - FIGURE 2 - Wall Attachment Am
34、plifier 2.2.2 (Continued): VENTS: Auxiliary ports used to establish a reference pressure in a particular region of the amplifier; analogous to an electrical ground potential. JET INTERACTION AMPLIFIER: An amplifier which utilizes control jets to deflect a power jet and modulate the output, usually e
35、mployed as an analog amplifier. Terminology usage for the geometry is illustrated in Figure 1. WALL ATTACHMENT AMPLIFIER: An amplifier which utilizes control of the attachment of a free jet to a wall (Coanda effect) to modulate the output, usually employed as a digital amplifier. Terminology usage f
36、or the geometry is illustrated in Figure 2. VORTEX AMPLIFIER: An amplifier which utilizes the pressure drop across a controlled vortex for modulating the output. Terminology usage for the geometry is illustrated in Figure 3. TURBULENCE AMPLIFIER: An amplifier which utilizes control of the laminar-to
37、-turbulent transition of a power jet to modulate the output. Terminology usage for the geometry is illustrated in Figure 4. AXISYMMETRIC FOCUSED-JET AMPLIFIER: An amplifier which utilizes control of the attachment of an angular jet to an axisymmetric flow separator, (that is, control of the focus of
38、 the jet) to modulate the output. Usually employed as a digital amplifier. Terminology usage is illustrated in Figure 5. IMPACT MODULATOR: An amplifier which utilizes the control of the intensity of two opposed, impacting power jets thereby controlling the position of the impact plane to modulate th
39、e output. Terminology usage is illustrated in Figure 6. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 21:23:02 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP993 Revision C - 7 - F
40、IGURE 3 - Vortex Amplifier FIGURE 4 - Turbulence Amplifier FIGURE 5 - Focused - Jet Amplifier Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 21:23:02 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
41、HS -,-,- SAE ARP993 Revision C - 8 - FIGURE 6 - Impact Modulators 2.2.2 (Continued): THROAT-INJECTION AMPLIFIER: An amplifier which utilizes auxiliary flow at a nozzle throat for a control signal to modulate the output flow. Pressure level of the control signal may either be above or below local thr
42、oat pressure to result in a positive of negative (suction) quiescent control flow. LAMINAR FLOW AMPLIFIER: In this jet amplifier the nozzle Reynolds number is maintained at such a level that laminar flow conditions exist in the device. FANOUT, HYSTERESIS LINEARITY, RESPONSE, SATURATION, SIGNAL/NOISE
43、 RATIO: Note: This terminology when related to fluidics has the same meaning as the generally accepted usage in other control fields. See Section 4 for definitions. 2.2.3Transducers: TRANSDUCER: A component which converts a signal from one medium to an equivalent signal in a second medium, one of wh
44、ich is compatible with fluidic devices, e.g., a pressure transducer generates an electrical output equivalent to pressure in a fluidic circuit. 2.2.4Sensors: SENSOR: A component which senses variables and produces a signal in a medium compatible with fluidic devices; for example, a temperature or an
45、gular rate sensor. Sensors are input transducers. 2.2.5Actuators: ACTUATOR: A component which converts fluid energy into an equivalent mechanical output. Displays are visual output transducers. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 N
46、ot for Resale, 12/04/2007 21:23:02 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP993 Revision C - 9 - 2.2.6Displays: DISPLAY: A component which converts a fluid signal into an equivalent visual output. A type of output transducer. 2.2.7Logic Devices: LOGIC DEVICE:
47、The general category of digital fluidic components which perform logic functions; for example AND, NOT, OR, NOR, and NAND. They can gate or inhibit signal transmission with the application, removal, or other combinations of control signals. FLIP-FLOP: A digital component or circuit with two stable s
48、tates and sufficient hysteresis so that it has “memory“. Its state is changed with a control pulse; a continuous control signal is not necessary for it to remain in a given state. 2.2.8Circuit Elements: RESISTOR: Passive fluidic element which because of viscous losses or turbulent losses or both produces a pressure drop as a function of the flow through it and has a transfer function of essentially real components (i.e., negligible phase shift) over the frequency range of interest. See Section 4