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1、 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE (R) Heavy Duty Vehicle Cooling Test Code R SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suit
2、ability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copy
3、right 2004 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT O
4、RDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Issued 1984-06 Revised 2004-11 Superseding J1393 FEB1999 and J819 NOV1995 J1393 REV. NOV2004 1. Scope This document supersedes SAE J819Engine Coo
5、ling System Field Test. The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish a testing procedure to determine the performance capability of the engine cooling systems, including charge air coolers on heavy-duty vehicles with liquid-cooled internal combustion engines. The definition of heavy
6、vehicles for this document includes, but is not limited to, on and off highway trucks, cranes, drill rigs, construction, forestry and agricultural machines. Vehicles equipped with side or rear-mounted radiators may require an alternate procedure of a towing dynamometer because of peculiar aerodynami
7、cs. Testing is generally conducted to determine compliance with cooling criteria established by the engine manufacturer or the end product user to meet a desired engine reliability goal. 2. References 2.1 Applicable Publication The following publication forms a part of the specification to the exten
8、t specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated the latest version of SAE publication shall apply 2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATION Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J2676Transit Bus Cooling Systems Performance Testing (This document is in the process of being written and
9、 has not been published yet.) -,-,- SAE J1393 Revised NOV2004 - 2 - 3. Definitions 3.1 Ambient Air Temperature For lab conditions, the ambient air temperature should be measured at a specified distance, at least 2 meters away from the vehicle being tested, in front of the cooling system inlet grille
10、 or screens and reported. For field conditions, the ambient should be measured near the test vehicle and its location relative to the test vehicle should be recorded. 3.2 EOTDEngine Outlet Temperature Differential The difference between the coolant temperature at the engine outlet and the ambient ai
11、r temperature. 3.3 Terms Used by the Industry Related to EOTD 3.3.1 AIR-TO-BOIL (ATB) The ambient temperature at which the engine coolant outlet temperature reaches 100 C (212 F), the boiling point of water at standard conditions. 3.3.1.1 ATB = 100 C engine coolant outlet temperature + ambient air t
12、emperature. 3.3.2 AMBIENT CAPABILITY Similar to ATB, but refers to a coolant temperature other than the boiling point of water. 3.3.3 AIR-TO-REDLINE (ATR) The ambient temperature at which the engine coolant outlet temperature reaches the coolant overheat warning temperature. 3.3.3.1 ATR = Coolant ov
13、erheat activation temperature engine coolant outlet temperature + ambient air temperature. 3.3.4 LIMITING AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (LAT) The ambient temperature at which the engine coolant outlet Temperature reaches the maximum allowable temperature. 3.3.4.1 LAT = Maximum engine coolant outlet temperatur
14、e engine coolant outlet temperature + ambient air temperature. 3.3.5 AMBIENT DESIGN TEMPERATURE (ADT) The ambient temperature at which the engine coolant outlet temperature reaches the design coolant temperature. 3.3.5.1 ADT = Design coolant temperature engine coolant outlet temperature + ambient ai
15、r temperature. -,-,- SAE J1393 Revised NOV2004 - 3 - 3.3.6 TOP TANK TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL (TTTD, ALSO KNOWN AS TOP TANK DIFFERENTIAL, TTD) The difference between the coolant temperature at the radiator top tank and ambient air temperature. For a cross flow radiator, this would be the difference b
16、etween the radiator inlet temperature and ambient air temperature. 3.3.7 AIR-TO-WATER (ATW) The temperature differential between ambient air and engine outlet. The terminology assumes water as the coolant. 3.3.8 INTAKE MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL (IMTD) The difference between the temperature o
17、f the air in the intake manifold and the ambient air. 3.3.9 CAC OUTLET TO AMBIENT The difference between the charge air cooler outlet temperature and the ambient temperature. 3.3.10 INSTALLED CHARGE AIR COOLING SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS The effectiveness of the CAC system using the temperatures at the tu
18、rbocharger outlet and intake manifold inlet rather than the temperatures at the CAC inlet and CAC outlet. See 3.3.10.1. 3.3.10.1 CAC System Effectiveness = (Turbocharger outlet temperature Intake manifold temperature)/ (Turbocharger outlet temperature-Ambient air temperature) 4. Facility Requirement
19、s 4.1 Laboratory facilities should include the following: 4.1.1 POWER ABSORBING DEVICE A chassis or drivetrain dynamometer capable of absorbing rated horsepower and peak torque of the engine/vehicle. 4.1.2 COOLING AIR Constant air velocity and air temperature to the face of the radiator within the r
20、ange recommended by the engine manufacturer. 4.1.3 INSTRUMENTATION Ability to measure the required test data and test conditions. If the use of a controlled laboratory is not feasible, the test vehicle should be evaluated in a test course that is representative of typical field operating conditions
21、that imposes worst case customer attainable and maintainable vehicle loading. Instrumentation similar to that used in the laboratory is still required. -,-,- SAE J1393 Revised NOV2004 - 4 - 5. Test Preparation and Set Up 5.1 Engine and Vehicle 5.1.1 It is preferable to perform tests at ambient air t
22、emperatures between 27 C (81 F) and 46 C (115 F). Avoid performing cooling tests if the ambient air temperature is below 18 C (65 F). This will minimize the effects of changes in air density. 5.1.2 For field tests of off highway vehicles, it is preferable to test at wind speeds below 10 km/h (6 mph)
23、 unless wind is 90 degrees to the test course. 5.1.3 Prior to start of the test, the machine shall be inspected to assure that: 5.1.3.1 It is serviced as specified by manufacturer. 5.1.3.2 It delivers specified power. This can be checked by monitoring fuel consumption, turbocharger outlet temperatur
24、e and pressure or application of the Drawbar Test Procedure for Construction, Forestry, and Industrial Machines, or other suitable means. 5.1.3.3 All items directly related to the cooling system performance, such as: fan speed, fan belt adjustment, fan to core spacing, air recirculation baffling or
25、air recirculation shields, coolant and other fluid levels, radiator pressure cap, etc. are properly adjusted and the heat exchangers are clean inside and out, and the fins are straight and in good condition. 5.1.4 The engine coolant thermostats should be blocked to the manufacturers specified openin
26、g for the maximum design operating ambient air temperature condition. 5.1.5 The fan drive, if unit is so equipped, should be fully engaged using the manufacturers recommended procedure. 5.1.6 All shutters should be fixed in the fully open position. 5.1.7 Air conditioning should be on “normal“, colde
27、st temperature setting, and fan speed on “high.“ Cab windows and vents are to be open to assure that the A/C compressor does not cycle during stabilization. 5.1.8 Cab heater fan should be “off“ if different from air conditioning fan. 5.1.9 Block the coolant flow through the cab heater hoses at engin
28、e without affecting the flow of other auxiliary coolant circuits if equipped. 5.1.10 The air compressor on vehicles so equipped should be held in the disengaged mode. This can readily be accomplished by applying sufficient shop air to the air compressor discharge or wet tank to prevent the governor
29、from turning on the compressor. This is very important when the air compressor inlet is taking clean air from the intake manifold. 5.1.11 Engine coolant should be 50/50 glycol solution concentration or 100% water as required by the engine manufacturers test procedure. -,-,- SAE J1393 Revised NOV2004
30、 - 5 - 5.2 Instrumentation and Data Log 5.2.1 REQUIRED 5.2.1.1 Time Interval 5.2.1.2 Engine Speed 5.2.1.3 Fan Speed 5.2.1.4 Fuel Flow Rate Measurement and Temperature Follow the engine manufacturers recommended procedure if one exists. The temperature of the fuel delivered to the engine should norma
31、lly be maintained at or near 38 C (100 F). 5.2.1.5 Ambient Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Shade thermometers and thermocouples from sun or other sources of non-pertinent radiated heat. 5.2.1.6 Test Site Altitude and Observed Barometric Pressure 5.2.1.7 For on-highway vehicles, velocity and te
32、mperature of ram air measured 1.0 m (3.3 ft) in front of the grille and on the approximate centerline of the grille opening (may or may not coincide with the centerline of the fan and/or the engine). 5.2.1.8 Coolant Temperature at the Engine Outlet to the Radiator This temperature should be measured
33、 as close to the engine coolant outlet as reasonably possible. 5.2.2 Optional test information for the analysis of the cooling system may be obtained by measuring the following: 5.2.2.1 Dimensional Relationship of Fan to Core, Shroud, and Engine 5.2.2.2 Fan to shroud tip clearance at top, at bottom,
34、 and at both sides. This is to determine the centering of the fan in the shroud. 5.2.2.3 Back of fan to back of shroud at top, at bottom, and at both sides. This is required for fan penetration into the shroud. 5.2.2.4 Front of fan to back of radiator at top, at bottom, and at both sides. This is to
35、 determine the proximity of the fan to the core. 5.2.2.5 Front of fan to closest point on engine or engine-affixed hardware. This will help the decision- making process when it becomes desirable to change the fan penetration into the shroud. -,-,- SAE J1393 Revised NOV2004 - 6 - 5.2.3 OPTIONAL DATA
36、TO RECORD 5.2.3.1 Ground Speed 5.2.3.2 Transmission Gear 5.2.3.3 Dynamometer Power 5.2.3.4 Axle Lubricant Temperature 5.2.3.5 Oil Temperature and Pressure of: 5.2.3.5.1 Engine for monitoring stabilization and abort purposes 5.2.3.5.2 Transmission 5.2.3.5.3 Hydraulic System 5.2.3.6 Water Pump Inlet a
37、nd Outlet Pressures 5.2.3.7 Coolant Temperature at Engine Inlet from the Radiator 5.2.3.8 Coolant Flow Rate at Engine Outlet to Radiator 5.2.3.9 Engine Compartment Temperatures 5.2.3.10 Combustion Air Temperature at: 5.2.3.10.1 Entrance to air induction system 5.2.3.10.2 In air cleaner before elemen
38、t 5.2.3.10.3 Turbo inlet for turbocharged engines 5.2.3.10.4 Intake manifold inlet or in the manifold 5.2.3.10.5 Exhaust gas at the turbo outlet 5.2.3.11 Combustion Air Pressures 5.2.3.11.1 Air cleaner exit measured at the location provided for the air cleaner restriction gage. 5.2.3.11.2 Turbo Outl
39、et Pressure (Turbocharged Engines Only) A port location in the turbo outlet should be specified by the engine manufacturer if accurate data is critical. -,-,- SAE J1393 Revised NOV2004 - 7 - 5.2.3.11.3 Intake Manifold Pressure (Turbocharged Engines Only) A port location in the intake manifold should
40、 be specified by the engine manufacturer if accurate data is critical. 5.2.3.12 Cooling Air Temperature Entering and Exiting the Faces of Heat Exchangers 5.2.3.12.1 Radiator At least four locations determined by splitting the core into equal areas 5.2.3.12.2 CAC At least four locations determined by
41、 splitting the core into equal areas 5.2.3.12.3 On Air-to-Coolant Charge Air Coolers (if so equipped) It is advisable to measure the temperature of the coolant entering and exiting the heat exchanger. 6. Procedure 6.1 For Lab Conditions 6.1.1 With vehicle engine off, adjust the ram air velocity to m
42、aintain the test speed specified by the engine manufacturer, for example, 24 km/h (15 mph). 6.1.2 Start engine and run at rated power and speed until stabilization occurs. Stabilized conditions exist when (a) engine speed and load have remained constant (within reason) for at least 15 min and (b) th
43、e EOTD does not change more than 0.3 C (0.5 F) between three consecutive sets of readings taken at 5 min intervals. The temperature of the engine lubricant in the sump should also be stabilized to within 0.3 C (0.5 F) between three consecutive sets of readings taken at 5 min intervals. 6.1.3 Record
44、data documenting stabilization. 6.1.4 Adjust load to run engine at peak torque and speed or other specified cooling check points until stabilization occurs. 6.1.5 Record data documenting stabilization. 6.2 For Field Conditions 6.2.1 Operate machine under steady load conditions, which represent typic
45、al field operating conditions for the machine being tested. Continue operating and recording data until stabilization of the cooling system is achieved. Stabilization shall be considered achieved when a) engine speed and load have remained constant within reason for at least 15 minutes and b) the EO
46、TD does not change more than 1 C (2 F) of two consecutive readings taken 5 minutes apart. The temperature of the engine lubricant in the sump should also be stabilized to within 1 C (2 F) between two consecutive sets of readings taken at 5 min intervals. -,-,- SAE J1393 Revised NOV2004 - 8 - 6.2.2 R
47、ecord data documenting stabilization. 7. Test Data Evaluation 7.1 Engine Outlet Temperature Differential (EOTD) Test data is used to determine the cooling system performance capability referred to as EOTD. It is defined in section 3.2. 7.2 Air-to-Boil Temperature (ATB) The EOTD is used to determine
48、the cooling system performance capability commonly referred to as air- to-boil temperature (ATB). It is defined in section 3.3.1. 7.3 Air-to-boil capabilities are calculated for each combination of ram air velocity, engine load, and engine speed specified by the engine manufacturer or the end user. 8. Test Result Extrapolation and Adjustment Guideline 8.1 Due to facility limitations or existing ambient air temperature conditions, actual test conditions may deviate from those specified by the acceptance criteria. EOTD temperatur