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1、 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures 5 List of Tables . 5 1. Global Logistics Industry . 6 1.1. An Overview . 6 1.2. Global Logistics Market Size and Growth Drivers . 7 1.2.1. Road Transport Industry 8 1.2.2. Air Transport Industry . 8 2. Global 3PL Market . 9 2.1. Market Statistics 10 2.2. Global L
2、ogistics and 3PL Industry Trends and Issues 12 2.2.1. Importance of Rail Transportation . 12 2.2.2. Impact of Recession . 12 2.2.3. Industry competition 12 2.2.4. Dependency on assets of other carries . 13 2.2.5. Security challenges 13 2.2.6. Logistics Market Growth in UAE 14 2.3. Logistics Industry
3、 Growth Drivers 15 2.3.1. Economy 15 2.3.2. Need of Third-party Logistics 16 2.3.3. Industry Supply chain 16 2.3.4. Mergers and Acquisitions 17 3. The US Logistics Market 18 3.1. Growth of the US logistics market 18 3.1.1. The US Logistics Infrastructure . 21 3.2. The US Logistics Industry Trends an
4、d Developments 22 3.3. The US 3PL Market 23 3 3.3.1. The US 3PL Market Segments 25 4. Market Forecast for 3PL Providers 26 4.1. Global 26 4.2. The United States 28 5. Competitive Landscape 29 5.1. C.H. Robinson Worldwide 30 5.1.1. Company Profile 30 5.1.2. Company Revenues . 30 5.1.3. Customers 31 5
5、.1.4. Business Strategies. 31 5.2. Expeditors International 32 5.2.1. Company Profile 32 5.2.2. Customers 32 5.2.3. Company Revenues . 32 5.2.4. Business Strategies. 34 5.3. Forward Air Cargo 35 5.3.1. Company Profile 35 5.3.2. Business Strategies. 35 5.4. Hub Group . 37 5.4.1. Company Profile 37 5.
6、4.2. Customers 38 5.4.3. Business Strategies. 38 5.5. Landstar System 39 5.5.1. Company Profile 39 5.5.2. Customers 39 5.5.3. Business Strategies. 40 5.6. Pacer International . 41 4 5.6.1. Company Profile 41 5.6.2. Customers 41 5.6.3. Business Strategies. 42 Disclaimer . 43 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure
7、1: Global Logistics Industry by Value (2007-2010) . 7 Figure 2: Global third-party Logistics (3PL) Market by Value (2007-2010E) . 10 Figure 3: Global third-party Logistics (3PL) Market by Geography in 2009 10 Figure 4: The US Merchandise Trade by Land, Water and Air Gateways in % (1990 a positive tr
8、end in economy will push trade activities and so the logistics demand and vis a viz. However in case of decline in logistics demand, given the non-asset based model of 3PLs, downward earnings pressure could be limited even amid revenue declines. During 2011 and 2012 the global economy will grow with
9、 a stable growth rate to strengthen the economy after a setback, the largest contribution is expected from India and China. As per the estimates developing countries grew by 6.60% in 2010. In the first quarter of 2011 global GDP growth rate reached to 4.30%. Table 2: Global GDP Growth Rates in % (20
10、07-2013F) 2009 2010E 2011F 2012F 2013F World GDP (2.20) 3.80 3.20 3.61 3.61 World (PPP weights) High Income (3.41) 2.70 2.25 2.70 2.63 OECD Countries (3.55) 2.63 2.10 2.60 2.50 Euro Area (4.10) 1.70 1.70 1.80 1.90 Japan (6.30) 4.00 0.10 2.60 2.00 US (2.60) 2.80 2.60 2.90 2.70 Non-OECD countries (1.9
11、0) 4.20 4.30 4.80 4.90 Developing Countries 1.90 7.30 6.30 6.20 6.30 East Asia and Pacific 7.40 9.60 8.50 8.10 8.20 Europe and Central Asia (6.40) 5.20 4.70 4.40 4.60 Latin America and Caribbean (2.10) 6.00 4.50 4.10 4.00 Middle East and N. Africa 2.80 3.10 1.90 3.50 4.00 16 South Asia 6.20 9.30 7.5
12、0 7.70 7.90 Sub-Saharan Africa 2.00 4.80 5.10 5.70 5.70 Source: World Bank Note: PPP-Purchasing Power Parity; e = estimate; f = forecast. 2.3.2. NEED OF THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS Large logistic firms may face higher cost in managing supply chain which encourages 3PL providers to jump onto the field and
13、perform actively by supporting large firms to gain profits as their businesses grow locally and internationally. Therefore, there has been a trend to focus on the main business line and leave the logistics function to specialized third-party logistics firms. These firms can provide services at a low
14、er cost due to their scale advantage and know-how; which has made 3PL providers a strong driver for overall logistics industry. 2.3.3. INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN With globalization, multinational firms are expanding their business with their supply chain management by several logistic firms. Large logist
15、ic firms outsource their part of work to 3PL providers to minimize cost and provide better services. This is one of the reasons for the difference in the supply chain for logistic business providers. Most of the manufacturing firms have outsourced their manufacturing units in low cost developing cou
16、ntries; this trend has encouraged logistics business and made possible intra trade activities. In case of international transit, supply chain includes 2-3 mediators and different mode of transportation while domestic transit could be done by single provider or with the help of 3PL/ 4PL providers. Mo
17、stly large firms take the order as they have warehouses to keep the goods and transfer the forwarding work to small carrier companies. 17 2.3.4. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Merger and acquisitions have become a trend to expand operations. During recession, it became difficult for many small logistics f
18、irms to survive but they had a better understanding of market and offered low cost solutions. In post recessionary period, this quality attracted large firms to acquire the small freight forwarders. This trend is especially seen in APAC region. The impact of economic downturn affected the deals, fro
19、m fourth quarter of 2008 and throughout 2009 wherein either firm preferred to delay deals or ignore entirely. Companies take advantage of a more liberal operating environment in China as they integrate the acquired operations into their existing operations. The last five years produced a high, low a
20、nd then a rebound in merger and acquisition activity in the transportation and logistics markets. Rising fuel prices gave another push to M U.S. Census Bureau and Foreign Trade Division 22.90% 48.90% 22.10% 5.60% 24.40% 47.80% 23.70% 4.20% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% US Total Land Trade US Total Wate
21、r Trade US Total Air TradeOther 1990 2008 19 Once again industrial production started showing positive trend in the country from mid of year 2010 and is expected to continue in the near future. The US is designated as the hub of improved technologies and manufacturing capabilities with wide range of
22、 resources and backed by a strong economy. The country has the worlds most wide freight transportation network in terms of kilometers of public-use paved roads, railways, waterways, pipelines, and number of airports. The US accounts for the largest share of the global logistics market. The industry
23、revenues declined in the mid of 2008 and 2009 with downfall experienced in the global economy. From 2002-2007, the US logistics market grew with a CAGR of 6.03% in line with GDP growth. A major driving factor for the countrys logistics market is its import/export volume. Country is the worlds larges
24、t importer of goods. Crude oil, petroleum products, passenger motor vehicles, electrical machinery, and electronics are among the top import items by value. Further, Private equity firms are expected to steadily increase their investment in the US logistics services industry from 2010 onwards as the
25、 freight business showed signs of stability. Rising interest of private equity firms in logistics business has been boosted by the consolidation trend. There are many domestic and international players participating on the same grounds, with the effect of recent past economy slowdown many small play
26、ers have been taken over by large logistics firms. Table 4: The US Ton-Miles of Freight (Millions) (2002-2008) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total US Ton- miles of Freight (millions) 39,74,173 40,27,015 U U U U U Air carrier, domestic, all services 13,882 15,231 16,451 15,741 15,361 15,141 13,7
27、74 Intercity Truck 12,55,000 12,64,000 U U U U U Class I Rail 15,07,011 15,51,438 16,62,598 16,96,425 17,71,897 17,70,545 17,77,236 Domestic Water Transportation 6,12,081 6,06,146 6,21,170 5,91,277 5,61,629 5,53,151 5,20,521 Coastwise 2,63,688 2,78,919 2,79,857 2,63,464 2,27,155 2,28,052 2,07,877 Li
28、kewise 53,653 47,539 55,733 51,924 53,105 51,893 50,263 Internal 2,93,410 2,78,352 2,84,095 2,74,367 2,79,778 2,71,617 2,60,960 Intraport 1,329 1,336 1,484 1,521 1,591 1,589 1,421 Oil Pipeline 5,86,200 5,90,200 5,99,600 6,07,500 5,81,300 5,57,700 U Sources: Air carrier, Civil Aeronautics Board, Hand
29、book of Airline Statistics 20 Across the globe, the US has the strongest freight transportation system with improved supply chain to support the services. There is an extensive network of public roads, rail tracks (for freight carriers), coasts and airway services. In 2008, the US freight exports re
30、ached to USD 1.17 trillion which was almost double the revenues incurred in 1998. GDP had a strong influence over the US freight industry, which is proved from the past records. The contribution to the global GDP performance is the highest from the US and is expected to continue as the economy is re
31、covering from the global downturn. Table 5: The US Share of World Gross Domestic Product (1990-2009) Year World GDP US GDP US Share of World GDP (Percent) 1990 21,137 5,803 27.50 1991 22,386 5,996 26.80 1992 24,235 6,338 26.20 1993 24,860 6,657 26.80 1994 26,695 7,072 26.50 1995 29,633 7,398 25.00 1
32、996 30,353 7,817 25.80 1997 30,240 8,304 27.50 1998 29,970 8,747 29.20 1999 31,103 9,268 29.80 2000 31,972 9,817 30.70 2001 31,744 10,128 31.90 2002 33,052 10,470 31.70 2003 37,140 10,961 29.50 2004 41,809 11,686 28.00 2005 45,183 12,422 27.50 2006 48,882 13,178 27.00 2007 54,999 13,808 25.10 2008 6
33、0,863 14,265 23.40 2009 58,259 14,119 24.23 Note: GDP Figures in USD Billions 21 Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, International Monetary Fund 3.1.1. THE US LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE Table 6: The US Logis
34、tics Infrastructure Highways 47,000 miles of interstate highways 117,000 miles of other National Highway System roads 3.9 million miles of other roads Rail 94,313 miles by Class I freight railroads in the US 16,930 miles by regional freight railroads 28,891 miles by local freight railroads 21,708 mi
35、les by Amtrak (passenger) Navigable Channels 25,320 miles Pipelines Oil pipelines169,322 miles Gas pipe transmission298,993 miles Gas pipe distribution1,205,991 miles Interstate Motor Carriers 715,000 carriers Pipeline Carriers 2,242 carriers Marine Vessel Companies 652 companies Air Carriers (major
36、) 22 companies Railroads (Class I) 7 companies Source: US Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2008, RITA 22 3.2. THE US LOGISTICS INDUSTRY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS Rising demand for third party logistics (3PL) providers and cargo services Companies are outsourcing their logistics functions to third-
37、party logistics providers with an increasing emphasis on just-in-time process. As a result, air freight forwarders are playing an increasingly important role in logistics management. Air freight forwarders generally have the cost advantage compared to integrated air cargo carriers and less advantage
38、 than truckload carriers (which are focused on utilizing their own fixed-cost assets). Further, air freight forwarders enjoy the flexibility of selecting various transportation modes and suppliers to meet their customers shipping requirements. In addition, air freight forwarders generally handle shi
39、pments of any size and offer customized shipping options, unlike most integrated air cargo carriers and less than truckload carriers. In the US, demand for air cargo services has outpaced the growth of aircraft capacity. This is because of the elimination of many all-cargo aircraft facilities by dom
40、estic airlines in the early 1980s. Airlines are now utilizing smaller aircrafts and have also decreased their fleet sizes. This has resulted in increasing demand for surface transportation of cargo to meet the short supply of air cargo space. During recessionary period, truckload volume has also dec
41、lined and so are the truckload margins which forced international logistics providers to take the help of third-party logistics. Technology Driving Change The present era is technology driven and plays an important role in the logistics industry while in the past - intermediaries relied on the telep
42、hone and fax to conduct routine business. Todays management software systems enable intermediaries to automate many of the steps involved in finding capacity, tendering loads, updating delivery status and other transactions. Some of the softwares which are used: McLeod Software has a distinctive fea
43、ture “Private Notification Network” (PNN) which helps brokerage and third-party logistics providers to save time and cost required to search for a carrier. When details of an order are entered into the system, PNN sends an intimation mail to the number of carriers to check the availability of the ve
44、hicle. Aljex software is a web-based “Transportation Intermediaries Network” (TIN) system which helps freight brokers to search for the availability of the truck without making calls and waiting for the response. It requires a ZIP code to search for service providers. 23 There are also some web port
45、als, which allow companies to make a private group of carriers which reflects in a secured web page and helps them to check loads and other business related activities. 3.3. THE US 3PL MARKET There are two types of companies in the third party logistics (3PL) industry- asset-based and non-asset-base
46、d. Asset-based 3PLs have their own transportation vehicles and distribution centers. Asset based 3PLs are the most suitable type of service providers for multinational firms while non-asset based 3PLs does not own the vehicles or equipments used in transportation services, instead they prefer to con
47、tract with carrier companies and distribution centers. With globalization, demand for transportation has increased using Air, Cargo, Rail and Road. Transportation goes along with warehousing activity and for both, clients prefer to outsource. Table 7: Outsourced Logistics Services (Percent of outsou
48、rced operations) in the US (2008) Logistics Activity All Regions North America Europe Asia Pacific Latin America Domestic Transportation 86.00 75.00 92.00 95.00 80.00 International Transportation 84.00 70.00 91.00 91.00 88.00 Customs Brokerage 71.00 73.00 61.00 78.00 74.00 Warehousing 68.00 71.00 72
49、.00 65.00 52.00 Forwarding 65.00 61.00 57.00 82.00 66.00 Cross-Docking 39.00 40.00 42.00 42.00 20.00 Product labelling, packaging, assembly and kitting 38.00 33.00 42.00 40.00 34.00 Reverse logistics (defective, repair, return) 38.00 31.00 43.00 47.00 26.00 Freight bill auditing and payment 33.00 53.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 Transportation planning and management 32.00 32.00 33.00 34.00 20.00 Information technology services 30.00 28.00 34.00 30.00 26.00 Fleet management 22.00 14.00 26.00 28.00 15.00 24 Supply chain consultancy services provided by 3PLs 21.00 21.00 19.00 2