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1、论“人”的虚无及其克服 论“人”的虚无及其克服 On the Nihil and Overcome of “Human Being”【中文摘要】 人的问题一直是哲学所关注的主题,但对人的虚无的研究,只有历史发展到一定阶段才可能实现。因为,历史总是从最简单、最原始的地方开始,而科学的研究常常把成熟的形态作为透视点,才能获得科学的认识。不幸的是,我们生逢虚无盛行的时代,不管是在理论层面,还是在现实层面,它如同空气一样笼罩着我们,无时无刻不在影响着我们,使我们无法摆脱,很容易听任它的摆布;但又幸运的是,我们正处在虚无相对成熟的历史时期,因而能有机会切身地去感受它,能站在思想巨人的肩膀上去认识它,剖析
2、人在虚无时代下真实的生存状态,从而能够在此基础上自觉地克服人的虚无,实现人的全面发展。本文主要从两个方面论述人的虚无:一,哲学史中“人”自身的虚无;二,现实生活中“人”精神的虚无。在虚无的时代背景之下,不仅在哲学理论中,缺乏个体人和现实人的足够关注,导致“人学空场”,而且在现实生活中,人更多的是变成了物质性的存在,精神性的东西被商品拜物教所抽空、被大众文化所肆虐,精神生活几乎物化。为了克服人的这种生存状态,本文首先将人的问题作为当代哲学思考的中心和主题,因为对人的不同理解往往造成不同文化问的根本差别,而人的生存状况又受所处的文化全面影响和左右,因此在哲学理论中变革人的既定理解,对于克服当今虚无
3、的生存状态具有基础性和决定性意义。然后对之进行历史性考察,指出这仅仅是过渡性阶段,并不是人类的终极生存状态。我们要对现时代“人”的生存状态和精神生活状况有一个清醒的认识,不能沉迷于当下的虚无,更不能因觉得错生了时代就自暴自弃,而是能够积极地去丰富我们自己的精神生活,去感受生命所赋予我们的意义。最后揭示人的这种虚无的信仰状况,它已不仅仅是欧洲现象,而是全球普遍状况。处于全球化的现时代,中国人的精神信仰同样陷入了虚无。但我们相信:通过社会精神文明的积极建设,当代中国文化传统完全有能力开掘和培植一种防御和抵制虚无的精神资源,并对重构当代人类精神文明做出应有的贡献。 【英文摘要】 The “human
4、 being” has been the issue of philosophy, but the study of “human being” nihil, only when history arrive at a certain stage, can be achieved. Because history is always begin from the most simple and primitive areas, and scientific research often start form the mature perspective, then we may get sci
5、entific knowledge. Unfortunately, we are living in the era of nihilism, whether in the theoretical level, or in the real level, it enveloped us the same as the air, which all the time affect us so that we can not escape, it is very easy to allow the mercy; But fortunately, we are in relatively matur
6、e period of nihilism, so we could have a chance to feel it and can stand on the shoulders of giants to know it, and analyse true existence state of human being in the era of nihilism, and on this basis can consciously overcome human beings nihil, and achieve the comprehensive development of human be
7、ing. This paper on human beings nihil mainly include two aspects: first, the human beings own nihil in the history of Philosophy; Second, in real life, the human beings spirit nihil. In the context of the Nihilisms times, not only in philosophic theory, it lack sufficient concern about individual an
8、d real human being, leading to “human beings empty”, but in real life, human being only has become material existence, human beings spirit thrown away by commodity fetishism, damaged by popular culture, and almost materialized. In order to overcome this existence state of human being, we firstly thi
9、nk human being as the center and theme of contemporary philosophy in this paper, Because the different understanding about human being often bring about fundamental cultural difference, and human beings living situations is fully impacted by the culture which they live in, so to change established u
10、nderstanding on human being in philosophic theory has decisive significance for overcoming human beings existence state of contemporary nihilism. Then having a historic inspect, it can point out that this is only transitional stage, is not ultimate existence state of human being. We shoud have a sob
11、er understanding, we can not indulge in immediate nihilism, and also can not abandon oneself to it, but actively enrich our own spirit Life, to experience lifes meaning. Finally we reveal the belief of nihilism, it is not just European phenomenon, but universal situation. In the current era of globa
12、lization, the Chinese belief aslo indulge in nihilism. However, we believe that: the active construction of socialist spiritual civilization, contemporary Chinese culture and heritage is fully capable of developing and nurturing spiritual resources to defense and boycott nihilism, and make due contr
13、ibutions to reconstruct contemporary human spiritual civilization. 【中文关键词】 虚无; 个体人; 现实人; 商品拜物教; 文化工业 【英文关键词】 Nihilism; Individual human being; Real human being; Commodity fetishism; Cultural Industry 【毕业论文目录】摘要 5-6 Abstract 6-7 绪论 9-13 一、研究缘起 9-10 1. 选题理由 9 2. 选题目的 9 3. 选题意义 9-10 二、研究现状与趋势 10 三、研究内容
14、与思路 10-11 四、研究方法与创新 11-13 1. 研究方法 11-12 2. 研究创新 12-13 引言 13-14 一、哲学史中人本身的虚无 14-21 1. 中国传统哲学中“个体人”的虚无 15-18 2. 西方传统哲学中“现实人”的虚无 18-21 二、现实生活中“人”精神的虚无 21-32 1. 商品拜物教的盛行放逐了人的精神生活的超越性 21-25 2. 文化工业及大众文化的扩张抽掉了人的精神生活的内在丰富性 25-28 3. 现时代精神生活的物化处境正全面侵蚀着人的精神生活 28-32 三、对“人”虚无的克服 32-43 1. 现时代“人”的问题应成为当代哲学思考的中心和主题 32-37 2. 现时代“人”的虚无生存状态过渡性的批判性考察 37-39 3. 现时代“人”的虚无信仰状况及其克服 39-43 结语 43-44 注释 44-46 参考文献 46-48 致谢 48-49 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 49