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1、冲压模具冷冲压加工中英文对照资料外文翻译文献冷冲模具使用寿命的影响及对策冲压模具概述冲模ft在冷加_1.:中，将材料（金诚成非金城）加工成零件（成半成品）的一种特殊工艺装,称为冷冲紅：校!：俗称冷冲校、冲fE适在室溢下，利用安装在丨力机.卜.的校H.对材料施加压：力,使_乂：产生分离成塑忤：变形，从ffu获得所需零件的一种H:力加工方法，冲Hi校的形式很多，一般可按以卜几个主耍特征分类:I .报据.17力分类n)冲裁模沿封如或敞开的轮廊线使材料产生分离的模其.如落料模，冲孔模、切断根、切口模、切边視、剂切模等。(2)齊曲模使板料宅述成其他！料沿着货线（暫曲线）产生符曲变形，从而获得一记祐度和形
2、状的丄件的桉A。(3)拉深模楚把板料毛制成开口空：心作，成使:空心件进_改变形状和尺十的模具，(4)成形校足将毛或半成沾工仲抜图n校的形状寅接&制成形.而材木i乂产生部塑性货肜的椋:A,如胀形模、缩口模、扩口模，起伏成形模、翻iMJ,整肜校2 .根椐.1.:序组合程度分类(1)印-工序模在liK力机的一次行程中，_U完成一道冲HCI：序的模其。(2) R合椒只n个工位，在力机的一次行程中，在kii一:L位上同时完成两进或两逝以h冲Ha工序的模-A,(3)级进模（也称连续报 在宅坏：的送进方IH h, A冇两个或史多的工位，在所力机的一次行程中，在:4、同的L:位.卜.逐次完成碑道或例道以上冲t
3、KT_序的校：毛。沖；冲模全称为冷冲丨丨丨模與.冷冲压校A足一种应用十模妈行业冷冲Hi校:A及其配件所露高性能结构陶资材科的制方法，高件能陶资模及.It配件材料由氧化销、氣化紀粉中加谱兀巢构成，制备工艺足将氧化格溶液、氣化紀溶液、氧化销溶液、氧化紀洛液按一定比例混仓配成母液，滴入碳酸試按采用：彳沉淀方法合成模-A及；H；配_ft陶瓷材料所需的原材料，反应:成的沉淀找滤水、干燥，般烧得到高性能陶瓷模A及其配件材料超微粉，押经过成塑、烧结、精加工，便得到jS；性能陶瓷楨爲及其_配件树料。本发明的优点足本发明制成的冷冲H丨榄其及】!；配件使jij寿命K：，在冲丨:1岡际接轨的脚步断加快，市场党争的I
4、丨M加剧，人们己钱越来越认识到产品质觉、成本和新产品的开发能力的東要件。而冷冲桟其制结足整个链条中站基础的要素之-，冷冲模其制技术现已成为衡i一个W家制选水平商低的承要标法;,并在很大程度上决足企业的生存空问。近年即多冷冲模具企业加大丫用于技术进设的投资力度，将技术进少视为企业没姑的鹿耍动力。一略M内核具业姓及了二维CAD,-沖陆续升始使用UG, Pro/Enfiinccr,IDEAS, EuclM-IS 等际迎用软件，个别厂家逐引进了 Mcildfl、C-Flow. DYNAFORM.OpLi i s和MA(;MAS0FT等CM软件，弁成功应用干冲仔：模的设汁中。以汽车礙盖件模_Pl.为代教
5、的大型冲模興的制造技术Ci取得报大逊_步_,东风汽车公wj模A厂、一汽模興中心等植其丨.I.家能生产部分轿覆盖件模。此外，nmrmmm火t院校开Jt科吳典技术的研究和7?股。经过多年的努力.CAD/CAE/CAM技术方取得丫站齊进步：在提高検.A质巢和缩短根-A设计制迅周期等方而做出_/贡献。进然中冷冲横工业在过去十多年中取得了令人瞩H的发展，fJ 1.许多方而与 n业发达丨-1彳家相比仍冇较人的甚距。例如，桔密如工设答在冷冲榄;ynM：设格中的比_嚴比较低；CAD/CAE/CAM技术的晋及率不高：许多先进的模a技术应用不够广逆等等，致使相一部分欠發.、精41染和长奇命冷冲校見依赖班U。随着科
6、学技术的+断进步，现代工业产iSi的生产U益&张.与多样化，产品件能和戚激也在不断提高，因而对冷冲压技术提出y更高的要敢，为了使冷冲Hi技术能迪应各工业部门的斋要，冷冲砂:技术tj 在不断革新和发展.冷冲ih:技术的霞姐路就是可能地究菩和扩充冷冲压J:_記的优点，克服教：缺点.在冷冲压技术的发过程中，应注竞以下儿方(1 冷冲&技术的发展过程中应正确地确I ： 参数及冷冲捞工作部分的形状与K寸，提岛冲H;:件的质最、缩紐新产品试制周期，应在如强冲1彳成形现论研究的基础上，使冲册成形理论达到能对生丨t实际起指导作用，逐步建立起一惹密切结生产实际的先进的工艺分析计鮮方法.m外：开始采用孙翅W:有限元
7、法对汽:午：溴盖零件的成形过輕进行应力应变分析和计群t) L模拟，以预测莱一工艺方案对零件成形的可能件和可能I i 1现的问题,(3)加快产品免新换代，/i服模其设计周期长的缺点.应大力开展模興计教机辅助设计和制iSiiCMi/cm)技术的研究.在我岡.M前要特别注意加强多工位级班模CAD/CAM技术的研究。满足大M生产需要以及减较劳动强度.应加伽冷冲H(生产的机械化和D动化研究，使一般中、小件能在高速压力机-h.采用多工位级进植生产,达到生产高度动化,进一步提高冲Hi的生产本。(4)扩大冷冲尤产的运)|j范Hi使冷冲丨既适合大贵生产，也适合小批景：卞产；跃能生产一般粮度的产站=也能生产精密零
8、件.应注意开发如精密沖裁(特别逆原:料精冲）、高能成形I软模成形、施压和超塑性.加工等新成形_I.艺.还要推广简m (软模和低懷点合金模)、逝用扯合校、数控冲味等设的运用。此外，对冲压板料性能的改进,横具新材科，揽|新加丄方法的开发也应进一il;加强.冷冲模具使用寿命的影响及对策冷冲模找的使川寿命;以冲制出的工件数竟来计博的。影响冷冲栴寿命的闲素很多。1-:要冇梳具结构设计、制造横所州|i=t根和F1横的付料.揽具的热处理.质蛋与表面强化、冲椅零件的制造稱投和冷冲a:村料的选取。除此之外，连有冲模的安装、调盤、使川以及维修等，1.椅與设计对海命的彩响(1)科：样设计的彩响丨彳卩样方法与搭边粗对
9、校其海命的彭响很大，过小的彳？边值.徒往足迅成校具剧损和卩_|、校哨伤的.瑕要说因。从节约材料出;挤边沮愈小愈好，111挤边位小于一定数也后，对模具寿命和對切丧恤质量利。在冲裁中有可能被拉人模II问隙中.使零件产生-毛刺.站今：损坏模口，降低模其寿命。因此，在考虑提高材利用率的同时，必须根据零件产摄、质量和寿命，抓摊样方法和搭边也。(2) m檢结拘的影响对容知丨产生应力龜中而开裂的pi根结构，可以采)I丨组合结构成镶拼结构，以及预应力结构，从而提高核具使丨1寿命。(；0间隙的影响_岛问隙过小时，fk缩挤压利齊.涉擦力地大，齡损增大，侧而的只加湖，冲哉后卸料和推件吋，材料与|1、 |1_模之间的
10、麽撺述将造成刃口侧而的磨损比端而的齡人人，同吋也輕从边成i.H|、1丨模温度很商，把金诚碎R吸附在力n侧而，形成金诚她，使P1模出观崩力或账裂现$u 此，过小的丨ij船对模-A寿命极为_+利。隙太大.会增加卩|校-;卩卩模端面边缘的集巾.应力，致使fh:应力总剧增加，十趙刃口边很快屈服变姬而失去梭免。因此乂增加/冲裁力，进而使力口边史快.1?拟，降低校.具寿命。识为了减小11、F1模的麽拟，延长横具.使用寿命，在保iiK冲裁件质最的册提下，设i；卜时通:采用较人间隙足十分必要的。(4)根A异卩丨结构对寿命的影响可靡的导卩_j对于减小工作零件的靡损，避免11|,問栈哨伤足非带tJ效的。特别对无问
11、拟或小跟冲裁校、复合板和多工位级进模史为重要。为提商模A海命，必须根袖工序和零件精度要求，正确选样导丨I?式和导向精度，削选样导精度应高干ri,四俊的配合搞度-(5冷冲i;K材料选取的影响冷冲.e.相料应满址制件的iip要求和冲压工_它要求，iT则容站报伤校.只.，降低校真使用海命。冷冲材料表而鹿摄：1、-好，冲fli时制件从破裂，电mmm,冷冲压材料塑性;4好，变形_小，冲b丨时制件站破裂，也站擦伤模具，另外，材料的丨.?:度公差应符合网家标准。因为一剮冲模返用于一定材料的/度，成形、弯而、翻边、y仲模：A的11、門模结拘问隙恐商接根柩材料擦度來则；i;的，所以材料厚度小_均勾，会导致腹品产
12、对丨和模妈掘坏。2.榄具材料对模其寿命的影响拐典村枓对横找寿命的影响楚模衬料tJ:顶、化学成分、组织结沟.硬度和治佥质景等的综令反映,：试-中，扣料性质和热处理质黄彩晌最为叫温。模風村性质对俊萬寿命的敏响邊很人的.如将同一种:r.件，使用冋的模相料做曲试验，试验结果：用9W2V材料.其；？命为，万次；用Crl2MoV渗誠，.技：海命.fr达40万次，因此，在选用材料时，应根据制件的枇跫大小，理选用模:ly彳料。模作零件的硬度对模典寿命的影响也很大.似并-小是硬度愈高，模爲.海命愈长.这足因为硬度与强度、钮忤:及耐麽忡等打密切的关系，对的冲校耍求硬度高，海命长，如采用T10别制ili冲榄，硬度为
13、54581IRC, 冲几千次，制件毛刺就报人。如将硬度提高到fiOfi4nKC，则力磨寿命可达2万次。1.1如果继续提高硬度，则会山现平期断裂。有的冲模硬度+宜过高，如采用Crl2M(iV制造模硬度为fiyilRC时，一般寿命;*J 万件.失效形式设朋力和JT-裂以及如果将硬度降到_54RnKC.寿命提丨a到Fi6万件，硬度陴低到50Fi:川RC会出现卩卩枝力口秘靡纯现象。rh此n丨见，榄A.硬度必须报掘材料性质和失效艰式而;应使度、強度、細愧及耐磨性，耐疲究强度等达到特矩冲ai-序所需要的撮佳配合。3.檢興的热处理质请与农而强化对海命的影响校只的热处理.质最对校典的性威使用奇命影响很人。实践
14、证明，模典工作零件的碎火变形7开裂，使用过程中_期断裂，2|1然与材料的沿金廟、锻边质量、模其结构及加工竹关.似模異的热处理关系ai人，根据模具失效原的分析统计，热处现;f:|引起的失效以上。究践训明，高级的横爲材f:必须配以正确的热处现工艺，牙真正发挥材料的潜力。模其工作零件表面强化处理的hi的，获得外内铜的效忠，从Ku得到硬疫、耐濟性、铺性、耐疲劳削度的好配合。模再表而强化处现方法很多，表面处珊的新技术工名发城很快.除碳典渗和海于奴化，渗硼，渗妮，渗饥、我面敏硬铬和屯火花伽化外，化学H相沉积(CVD)和物理气相沉稅(PVD)己逐步采m。经CVD和PVD处理后，揽-凤农而搜盖一丨超硬物成.如
15、TiC、TIN等。硬度极商、耐濟性.耐独性、抗剩合性很好，可提高模a海命几倍到几十倍_，4.冲横零件的制遗精度对模爲券命的影响冲校制造的精度与使用海命关-系很大.特别楚税A.丧-血1M描度对税爲影响很大。如用Crl2M(W钢制造落料模，如丧面粉糖度值R =1. 时，：致：奇命为3万件左；:,。如控精抛光，表面粗隨度他K -0- 4 m，寿命可提高到4一n万件，因此，对模典工怍零件表恤，一股都哉拉过麼削、研麽，抛光等精加工和精细加工。5. 5i:他方面对模:R.寿命的影响(1)七力机的稍度不IS，也姑使冲検损坏。沖授在扑-力机卜-安装的正确与啊及操作者的技术水平商低，对檢具寿命也有很大影响ui
16、e on ih. ial to pjrodut二e a J.-onor plastic df5DrmyLifiHj and Lhu?; ln obliti n ths parts nr aprncft;si ng meihod.Stamping die in Lhe form nf many, the general categories according Lo the followingmain fealures:1. According lo the Lechtiical nature of(1) Die along Lhe closed or open con Lour Lhe maL
17、erial are derived from mold. Ifblanking die, punch die, cut off Lhe mold, cut mode, cuLLIhr mode, 5；口1丄1 mode,etc.- bcndinji mode Lo blank or blank sheet alonf? a straight line (curved line) Lobendj (leforrn, and thus f)bLdin jingle and Jihtipe of Lhe warkpiete in tht?rctolciThe drawing die 丨s niiid
18、f? nf the bliink shepi nptning hnl low, or hoi 1 ow pi seesof further changes to the shape and 丄ze of the mold.(4) Die rough or semifinished workpiece is conve:( according Ln ijlan, direct copy(.he shape of Lhe die shape, the material i iself, RetieraLe only local plasLicdeformaLion nf Lhe mold. Suc
19、h as Lhe bulging mode, reducing Lhe die, expansiondie, forming die ml ling, flanging mold, plastic mold.2. According to the degree classification process combination(1) sinfle prccGfls model in a press Lour, just completed a die? sLampInit procos;.(2) c:orLpn!fii t.R mndfsl ；k (mly sLaLlon, in t-nur
20、, ni Lhe a1_the jarnc? tinifi tc c.ctcifjlHt.& nior thin Iwn or Iwn (Jh sl.-atrifjing(！) Progrfsiivf Die (aLso known as the mnduluK cf coniinui Ly) in feedindirection, mugh, with two or mnre of Lhe sLation, at. the press of a visit, wnrkin different places on the cnmijleLirn of Lwn or Lwn successive
21、 Road nver stanipindie prncess.Chang called cold stamping die D丄e_wide.Cold sLamping die is used in cold sLamping die mold industry, and accessoriesrequired for highperformance struclural ceramic materials, preparation ineLhods,high-pei formancc Gcranic maLcrials, molds and accessories froii ihe zir
22、conium oxideand /Itriiim aluminum powder incrcaos, Pr elejifjeni cotttposi tinn, Preparation is LheSf?l uLinn (f z yiAri a 5nlui-inn prii?;e()dymiu【n nx UIh I rm, ？mcord i ng loa iti erre?n:tiig or iilunUni soluLion whsn inixed 1 itjunr, tunmnniuni btcsirbonalt?infusion, by co-precipi t.ation synthe
23、siR of ceramic maids andaccessories needed for raw materials, reacLion precipiLaLe genera Led by t.heLreaLmenl, drying, calcining and accessoiies by high perforntcince ceramic moldrtialerial superfine powder, and ihen afLer fGrminp sintering, finishing， Ihey willhave high-3erformance ceramic lEaLeri
24、als, moldK and accessories. Advantages of Lhisinvention is Lhe invention tuadc of cold stamping die; and paias and long scrvicelife, Lhe proccss does not appear in Lho press and its parts and sLamping die bondgcncralcd Lhe phcnoiJionon of sLarnping surface smooth, no gli ichcs, can replacetrad 1_ I
25、ina h i gh-ptpcDie with the main partsDie sLtimpin tnnls is Lhe main process equipmenL, sLampitiR rely nn the relativemovenienL under Lhe mold completed. Processing lime because Lhe ui?per and lowermold between lhe conKi-ant. division and, if continued operation of the fingers ofworkers Lo enter or
26、remain in Lhe mold closed, there will certainly pose a seriousthreat Lo Lheir personal safety.(A) of Lhe mold main parts, function and safety roquircmonLsL Working parts is a direct punch Lo blank formi叩 the working parts, Lhcrerore,L is kfy iv tiiu d Putith rtot only iit;atRtl yrul f:nml iLrFieet t
27、he fnllnwinji rtfciuirfnien is:(1) be of sufricienL sLrenglh, can not be broken or desLrnyed during slamping.(2) shnuld be appropriate Lo iis material and heaL treatment requirements, LnprevenL Ion high hardness and bri L11e fracLure.2. Positioning par Ls posi Lioiiing part is Lo delermine Lhe locat
28、ion of the partsinstalled blank, Iheie are pins (board), gauge pin (plale), lead is sold, guideplate, knife set rom Lhe side, side pressure etc. Design should be consideredwhen positioning parLs easy lo operate and shnuld nol have had orienLalion,1 oca Lion Lo facili Laic observaL 丄oii， preferably i
29、n ihc forward posi Lion, conLoiirincnn ecL tbp pTrt 1 nCJiLinrl amJ Lifm i rig.：义 Rjnrlpr Linlniiciing and discharging pfirls binder compopKnts are lilank hnldcr,hinder board,Blank holder pressure can drawing blank holder force, thereby preventing billeLfunder the action of Lhe langenLial prevKure a
30、rch formed folds. The role of pressureplat-e Ln prevent mnvemenl and bnunce blank. Top nf Lhe device discharge bnardT srole is to faciliLale Lhe pieces and clean up waste. Them by Lhe spring, rubberand equipment, puLLitig on the air-cushi sujporl, can move Lip and down, knockingouL pioces of Lhe des
31、ign .should have enough Lop out-puL, movemcnL to the limiveclspaces, Strippei plate area should bo minimized or dosed position in the opcraLinggronVf m L I ng out of Lhf? s Lr 1 pi ale shouhi haveprniecLion amund Lhe t.n prevpni finger into (r JVu-igninfii (.le, iurfVice edges should be blunt dam.4.
32、 Guide parLp and guide sleeve guide pin is the mosL widely used parL nf a guide.丄 Ls role is to ensure punch lhe punching clearance when accurate malch. Therefore,the uicle posts, uicle cover Lhe gap should be less than the blanking clearance.Guide PosL located next mold base, Lo ensure LhaL Lhe str
33、oke botLom dead center,the lead colunn in Lhe template on Lhe face over the Lop for at leasl 5 Lo 10 min.Guide columns should bo arranged far away from lhe module and the pressure plalcIn the area, so Lho operator arms do noL geL lo take over the lead column material.5. Supijort 丨 ng arad cl litnj)i
34、ng lhe uppr and 1 ower parts which inluclts Lemplat.es,die hiindf ipi ；iLe punchy platR, .Up and down l.ht? tfinplatfj is t he bus is of tht? cold die piirLs, nLhsr partvS arerespectively fixed aL the Uy. Teinylate plane size, especia.丄ly arnund lhe direcLinntn be campalible with Lhe workpiece, loo
35、large or Loo small are not conducive LoacLion.Some molds (blanking, punching type mold) Lo Lhe pieces of convenience, be setup under Lhe mold plaLe. AL this lime Lhe best and Lhe Lemplale plale connecLedbcUGcn the scrcw, the twc plaLc thickness should be absolutely equal. Platespacing ouL tho pieces
36、 Ln be able to prevail, not. too much, sio as not Ln breakthe teraplale.fi- Fii.l-sning whtch iriclutlK uls， spring pi门waihtrs , argt?npr-&l y u?t5d taricl (ilchtingfd drfiniiiti 1 ifi tiddi t ion Lfi i.hefeftsjorml motl fatj-t.ofy ouLsi cle of sLal.e-ownet, t;f)l ficLivf?, joinL y/snlLLrev,whnl yfj
37、wMed ；ihd pr i vate has lifen a rap i cl fiprriRnl.As wi Lh Lhe accelerating pace of international inLegraLion, Ihe increasingcompeli Lion in the markel, il has been increasingly recognized product quali Ly,cost, and new product developmenL capacities. The cold die manufacLuring is Lhemost, basic elements of Lhe chain, nne of Lhe cold die manufacturing Lechnologyto incasure a countrys tnanufacLuring sector has becomo an ijiiportanl symbol of thelovel, and largely determine Lhe