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1、HighSpeed Data Acquisition System Based on ARM Linear-CCDAbstract : This paper presents a high speed acquisition system of linear-CCD based on ARM, high-speed linear-CCD and high-speed ADC are selected. As the sampling speed of A/D is slower than the working clock frequency of ARM, CPLD and FIFO are
2、 used as I/O between A/D and ARM. It makes the circuit works harmonious, simple and easy controlling, and also increases the efficiency of ARM. In order to increase the communication speed, the Universal Serial Bus (USB) technology is adopted to communicate with the PC. ARM is the key processor util
3、ized to control the data sampling, data compute and data transfer. As a result, the whole system works effective. The system can be applied to the high speed data acquisition and operation situations from multi-channel analog signals. Key Words : ARM; Linear CCD; Contact-line; Pantograph; Stagger va
4、lue I. Introduction In electrification railways, in order to extend the life of the pantograph on electric locomotives, so that the slider of pantograph wear evenly, the contact-line (electrified railway power feed line) in straight-line segments is arranged as zigzag route (curve section arranged i
5、n the form of polyline). The distance between the contact-line of positioning point and the pantograph centerline track is called out stagger-value, which is a key indicator of contact-line .Stagger-value can not be ignored, the value too small will affect the slider of pantograph wear evenly and th
6、e purpose of extending using life; otherwise, in some cases (such as caught in a stiff winds), cause a large range of lateral movement of the roof (and the higher the speed, the greater pantograph swing around), some parts of contact-line will be in excess of the effective work length of pantograph,
7、 so that the stagger-value of contact-line beyond the standard range, leading to deterioration of the current collection, and even cause incorrect running of the pantograph accident. Pantograph-catenary malfunction will result in interruption of train operation, which impact on rail transport seriou
8、sly. In order to avoid these phenomena, the stagger-value and its changes should be tested regularly.Therefore, a locomotive contact-line monitoring system and its mating data acquisition system were developed, which calculate the instant stagger-value quickly.II. System Components System hardware c
9、omponents are shown in figure 1. The system consists of the following components: (1) using TOSHIBA Companys high-speed linear array CCD to achieve the digitization of contact-line images (CCD output the signal of corresponding time sequence of position); (2) using Atmel Companys AT91RM9200 processo
10、r of ARM9 series to realize digital signal acquisition and processing; (3) using PDIUSBD12 USB interface device to complete the data communications between measurement system and the PC. Due to the characteristics of its improved Harvard structure, special instructions and quick to realize a variety
11、 of signal processing, ARM processor is widely used in image processing, communications, radar, sonar, precision machinery fields, etc. ARM processor is adopted for its arithmetic speed and bus width. As the real-time signal analysis and calculation require a high speed of computing, Atmel Companys
12、ARM chipAT91RM9200 is selected. The chip is ARM920T based, high-performance, low power consumption 16/32-bit RISC(reduced instruction set computer) microcontroller, which incorporates a rich set of application peripherals and provide a single-chip solution for industrial control applications that re
13、quire a wide range of peripherals at low power consumption and strictly stable working. III. Real-time processing and transmission of CCD digital image In order to achieve real-time digital image transmission, several major factors which affect real-time transmission should be necessary to solve: Fi
14、rst, the speed of linear array CCD data acquisition; Second, the transmission speed between linear array CCD and ARM processor; the third is the data transmission speed between ARM processor and computer. The following will be described in detail. Linear array CCD acquisition speed Acquisition speed
15、 is a critical performance indicator for image sensor, TOSHIBA Companys TCD1209D linear array CCD is used to meet the targets. Its clock pulse frequency can operate as high as 20MHz, especially suitable for high-speed conditions of size measurement and dynamic analysis.Linear array CCD TCD1209D and
16、its time sequence diagram are shown in figure 2. Transmission speed between CCD and ARM processor In order to improve the speed of CCD data acquisition and reduce conversion time, adopting high speed A/D converter can make it exchange data with ARM processor at high-speed. ADC08200, Analog Companys
17、nanosecond conversion device is adopted. Its a single-channel, 8-bit A/D converter, which operates over a wide range of temperature, converts fast, operates at conversion rates up to 230 MSPS, thus achieving entire signal acquisition of linear array CCD. ADC08200 is shown in figure 3.PC-side USB dev
18、ice driver is completed by WinDriver. Data communication between PC and USB equipment mainly includes two aspects: first, read the sample data; second, send control commands to the acquisition system. 中文翻译：基于ARM和线阵CCD的高高速数据采集系统摘要：本文提出了一种基于ARM的线阵CCD高速数据采集系统，高速线阵CCD高速ADC的选择。作为A/D采样速度比臂的工作时钟频率较慢，CPLD和F
19、IFO作为I / O A/D与ARM之间。它使电路工作在和谐，简单，易于控制，并且增加臂的效率。为了提高通信速度，通用串行总线（USB）技术是通过与PC机通信的关键是利用ARM处理器控制数据采集，数据的计算和数据传输。作为一个结果，整个系统工作的有效性。该系统可应用于高速数据采集和多路模拟信号的工作环境下。关键词：臂；线阵CCD；接触线；受电弓；交错价值一、引言在电气化铁路，为了扩大对电力机车受电弓的寿命，使受电弓滑块磨损均匀，接触线（电气化铁路供电线）在直线段设置为锯齿形路线（设置折线的形式的曲线段）。定位点和受电弓轨道中心线的接触线之间的距离称为拉出值，这是接触线的关键指标。参差不可忽视的
20、价值，值过小，会影响受电弓滑板磨损均匀，延长使用寿命的目的；否则，在某些情况下（如陷入激烈的风），使屋顶的横向移动幅度大（和更大的受电弓左右摆动的速度，更高的），接触线的部分将在受电弓的有效工作长度过剩，使接触线拉出值超出标准范围，导致当前集合的恶化，甚至造成受电弓的事故不正确运行。弓网故障会导致列车运行中断，严重影响铁路运输。为了避免这些现象，拉出值及其变化，应定期测试。因此，一个机车接触线监控系统及其配套的数据采集系统的开发，并计算瞬时拉出值迅速。系统组件该系统由以下几部分组成：（1）使用东芝公司的高速线阵CCD实现接触线图像的数字化（CCD输出的位置对应的时间序列的信号）；（2）采用At
21、mel公司的AT91RM9200 ARM9芯片实现数字信号的采集和处理；（3）使用PDIUSBD12 USB接口装置完成测量系统与PC机之间的数据通信由于其改进的哈佛结构的特点，特别说明和快速实现各种信号处理，ARM处理器被广泛应用于图像处理，通信，雷达，声纳，精密机械等领域，ARM处理器通过其运算速度和总线宽度。作为实时信号分析和计算需要计算一个高速，ATMEL公司的ARM chip-at91rm9200选择。该芯片是基于ARM920T，高性能，低功耗1632位RISC（精简指令集计算机）的微控制器，其中包含了一套丰富和产品应用提供一个单芯片解决方案，为工业控制应用需要各种外设在低功耗和严格
22、稳定的工作。三、实时处理和CCD数字图像传输为了实现实时数字图像影响传输，实时传输的几个主要因素，必须解决：第一，线阵CCD数据采集的速度；第二，线阵CCD和ARM处理器之间的传输速度；第三是ARM处理器和计算机之间的数据传输速度。以下将详细描述了。线阵CCD采集速度采集速度是图像传感器的关键绩效指标，东芝公司的TCD1209D线阵CCD用于满足目标。时钟脉冲频率可高达20MHz，特别适用于高速条件下的尺寸测量和动态分析。 CCD和ARM处理器之间的传输速度为了提高CCD数据采集速度和减少转换时间，采用高速A/D转换器可以使它在高速的ARM处理器的数据交换。adc08200，采用模拟公司的纳秒转换装置。这是一个单通道，8位A / D转换。 PC端USB设备驱动程序采用Windriver完成。PC机与USB设备之间的数据通信，主要包括两个方面：第一，阅读样本数据；第二，发送控制命令的采集系统。