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1、反全球化思潮评析 反全球化思潮评析 【中文摘要】 反全球化思潮是近年来出现的一种尚未完全定型的思潮,是一种新的政治与意识形态。反全球化思潮与全球化思潮针锋相对,体现了后冷战时代愈来愈清晰的意识形态分野。如果说,全球化是一种主流意识形态,那么,反全球化就是一种非主流意识形态。如果说,全球化是一个正题,那么,反全球化就是它的反题。如今,全球化已经成为一股世界性大潮、显潮,反全球化思潮还是一股小潮、潜潮。但反全球化思潮的兴起本身就具有重要的象征意义,值得我们重视和反思。本文主要从五个方面对反全球化思潮进行了探讨和分析。第一个方面主要论述了反全球化思潮产生的背景。反全球化思潮的产生是在20世纪90年代
2、,它的产生有其广阔的现实背景和理论依据。现实背景主要从两个方面来论述:一是反全球化思潮是全球化进程发展到一定阶段的产物。只有当全球化发展到一定阶段以后,全球化进程中的矛盾与冲突才可能凸现出来,才能“孕育”出反全球化。反全球化是全球化进程中矛盾深刻性的体现。二是反全球化思潮是资本主义发展到新阶段的产物。全球化是资本主义发展的必然产物。全球化实质是资本主义生产方式的普遍化,在许多反全球化者看来,全球化的负面效应不是全球化自身带来的,而是全球化的制度安排所带来的,是资本主义的一种新的形式或新的发展阶段。理论依据主要有:贸易保护主义理论、依附理论、比较优势陷阱理论、民族主义理论。第二个方面主要论述了反
3、全球化思潮的主要流派。在反全球化思潮中,由于各自的利益和出发点不同,形成了不同的学术流派。主要有新左派、民族主义、生态主义和怀疑派。虽然它们各有自己的观点,但它们都对全球化从不同的角度进行了批判,引起人们重新反思全球化。第三个方面主要论述了反全球化思潮的主要思想观点。综合发达国家和发展中国家的反全球化思潮的一些观点,反全球化思潮的主要思想观点有以下六个方面:反对贫富分化;反对新自由主义;反对资本主义;反对西方霸权;反对跨国公司垄断;反对全球生态危机。第四个方面主要论述了反全球化运动的发展。首先论述了反全球化运动发展状况,主要从两个阶段论述,以“9.11”事件为转折点,其以前为第一阶段,其以后为
4、第二阶段;其次论述了反全球化运动的主要特点。第五个方面是对反全球化思潮进行评价。对反全球化思潮的评价,直接关系到全球化进程的未来发展,直接关系到一个国家和民族对全球化的行动和态度。对反全球化思潮要辨证地看待。首先,反全球化思潮有一定的合理性;其次,反全球化思潮也存在着一定的局限性;最后,是反全球化思潮给人们的启示。【英文摘要】 Anti-globalization trends are emerging in recent years and have not yet been completely finalized. It is a new kind of a politics and i
5、deology. Anti-globalization trends and globalization trends are against each other, which embodies the post-Cold War era ( ideological distinction) more and more clearly. If we say that globalization is a mainstream ideology, anti-globalization is a kind of non-mainstream ideology. If we say that gl
6、obalization is a subject, the anti-globalization is its anti-title. Today, globalization has become a worldwide tide, significant wave. Tread of anti- globalization of thought is a neap tide, submarine tide. However, the rise of anti-globalization trend of thought itself has symbolic significance an
7、d deserves our full attention and reflection.In this paper, five aspects of the anti-globalization trend of thought and analysis are discussed.The first aspect focuses on the anti-globalization trend of thought the background. Anti-globalization thought emerged in the 20th century, 90s, and its prod
8、uce has its broad background and theoretical basis. (Background,)The paper mainly from two aspects to describe: first, the anti-globalization trend of thought is the product of the process of globalization, when globalization has developed to a certain stage of the product. Only when globalization d
9、eveloped to a certain stage,(the globalization process) the contradictions and conflicts of emerged and “nurture” the anti-globalization. Anti-globalization is the profound contradictions of the globalization process of the manifestation. Secondly, thought of anti-globalization is the product when c
10、apitalist development to a new stage. Globalization is the inevitable,product of capitalist development. Globalization in real terms is that the capitalist mode of production are universal. In many anti-globalization its view, the negative effects of globalization itself is not brought about by glob
11、alization, but globalization brought about by institutional arrangements, They are new form or new stage of capitalism .There are theoretical basis: trade protectionism theory, dependency theory, comparative advantage trap theory and theory of nationalism. The second aspect focuses on the main schoo
12、ls of anti-globalization thought. At anti-globalization trend of the thought, because of their different interests and starting point, forming a wide variety of academic genres. There are new left, nationalism, and ecological and skeptics. Although they have their own opinions, they all criticiz of
13、globalization from different perspectives, causing people to reflect on globalization.The third aspect focuses on the anti-globalization opinion thought the main idea. General developed and developing countries, some of the anti-globalization trends opinion, anti-globalization opinion thought the ma
14、in idea has the following six aspects: object to the rich and the poor differentiation; object to neo-liberalism; object to capitalism; object to Western hegemony; object to cross-border company to monopolize; object to the global ecological crisis.The fourth aspect focuses on the development of ant
15、i-globalization movement. Firstly the paper expounds development of anti-globalization movement:mainly from two stages.taking”9.11” as a turning point, previous“9.11”is the first phase, and its future is the second stage; Secondly discusses the main features of anti-globalization movement.The fifth
16、aspect is to evaluate the trend of anti-globalization thought. The evaluation of the trend of anti-globalization thought is directly related to the future of the development of the globalization process and directly related to of a country and a nation of globalization actions and attitudes. Of anti
17、-globalization trend of thought want to look at differentiation. First of all, anti-globalization trend of thought has a certain degree of rationality; Secondly,the anti-globalization trend of thought has some limitations; Finally, there are the inspiration of anti-globalization.【中文关键词】 全球化; 反全球化; 评
18、价 【英文关键词】 Globalization; Anti-globalization; Evaluation 【论文目录】中文摘要 5-7 Abstract 7-8 引言 9-12 一、选题意义 9 二、国内外研究现状 9-11 三、创新之处 11-12 一、反全球化思潮产生的背景 12-19 （一） 现实背景 12-14 （二） 理论依据 14-19 二、反全球化思潮的主要流派 19-23 （一） 新左派 19-20 （二） 民族主义 20-21 （三） 环保主义 21 （四） 怀疑派 21-23 三、反全球化思潮的主要思想观点 23-32 （一） 反对贫富分化 23-24 （二） 反对新自由主义 24-27 （三） 反对资本主义 27-28 （四） 反对西方霸权 28-31 （五） 反对跨国公司垄断 31 （六） 反对全球生态危机 31-32 四、反全球化运动的发展 32-42 （一） 反全球化运动发展状况 32-38 （二） 反全球化运动的主要特点 38-42 五、反全球化思潮评价 42-50 （一） 反全球化思潮有一定的合理性 42-44 （二） 反全球化思潮也存在着一定的局限 44-46 （三） 反全球化思潮给人们的启示 46-50 结语 50-51 注释 51-54 参考文献 54-56 攻读学位期间发表的学术论文目录 56-57 致谢 57