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1、苏州大学成教本科毕业论文苏州大学外国语学院成教本科毕业论文（2013届夜大学）题 目： On the Art and Morality of Wildes Works 探究王尔德作品中的艺术和道德 专 业： 英 语 姓 名： 李玉洁 学 号： YB1104017084 指导教师： 提交日期： 2013年10月 IVAcknowledgementsThere are a lot of people who help me to contribute to the completion of this thesis. and I would like to avail myself of this
2、 opportunity to extend my deep gratitude to them.Firstly, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor Su Xiaojun, who have given lots of intellectual guidance and moving encouragement in my three-year study at Soochow University, in particular whose strong support of my thesis topic has gi
3、ven me great confidence to continue my writing.Secondly, I would like to thank my classmates for their unfailing support and patience in answering my questions in the interviews during my thesis writing.Finally, I am also much obliged to my family members, without their support and encouragement, my
4、 completion of this thesis would not have been possible.AbstractOscar Wilde, one of the most important writers of Irish literature, as well as the English literature. He was an advocator of artistic aestheticism, insisting that it was life and nature that imitated art, not art imitated life and natu
5、re; art should not be restrained by morality. Wilde presented multiple images in his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and demonstrated himself behind various masks through conflicts among the multiple personalities. In the fairy tales, he created a realm of experience separate and distinct from
6、 the reality. Yet his fairy tales did not abandon reality. Wilde applied the paradox in his dramas. The paradox was used to fully express his thoughts and viewpoints. This paper did a detailed analysis of the art and morality in Wildes works. Firstly, this paper introduced the study on morality of p
7、revious literary works. Then, it elaborated the artistic theories of Oscar Wilde, and explored the concealed morality of his novel for instance of his representative works. Finally, it found that the morality and art were presented throughout his works, which usually were overlooked. And that at the
8、 crossroad between ideal and reality, between art and morality, Wildes hate and love and pursuit made him an individual of contradictions who bled upon the thorns of life and in the end a martyred artist.Key words: Oscar Wilde; art and morality; contradictions摘要奥斯卡王尔德是爱尔兰文学史和英国文学史上最重要的作家之一。他是一位艺术唯美主
9、义的倡导者，坚持认为是生活和自然模仿艺术，而不是艺术模仿生活和自然，艺术不应受到道德的束缚。王尔德在他唯一的小说道林格雷的画像中展示了多种多样的人物形象，并通过这些人物间的矛盾冲突阐释了多重面具遮掩下的奥斯卡本人。在童话故事中，他创造了一个与现实脱离并远离世事的理想王国。然而，王尔德的童话故事并没有遗弃现实。在戏剧中，他运用矛盾表达法充分地表达了他的想法和观点。本文对王尔德的作品中的艺术与道德感进行了详细分析。首先介绍了先前作品对道德感的不同研究。然后详尽阐述了王尔德的艺术理论并从他有代表性的作品中选取小说为例对隐藏在其中的道德感进行探究。最后发现，王尔德的作品一直就是艺术与道德感共同存在着，
10、只是通常被忽略了。在理想与现实的十字路口，在唯美与道德之间，王尔德的爱恨与追求使他自己成为一个充满矛盾的个体。他在人生的荆棘路上流着血，最终成为艺术的殉道者。关键词: 奥斯卡王尔德；艺术与道德；矛盾ContentsIntroduction1Chapter 1 Morality of Literary Works 3Chapter 2 Art and Morality of Wildes Works52.1 Wildes Artistic Theories5 2.1.1 Theory of “Art for Arts Sake”52.1.2 Theory of “Life Imitating A
11、rt”62.1.3 Contradictions Revealed in Advocating the Self-Contained Art82.2 Morality Concealed in the Novel92.2.1 Unity of “Body and Soul”92.2.2 Morality in the Aesthetic Art10Chapter 3 Relationship Between Art and Morality 13Chapter 4 Contradictions in Wildes Literary Practice164.1 Contradictions in
12、 the Fairy Tales164.2 Wildes Paradox16Chapter 5 Conclusion17IntroductionThe full name of Oscar Wilde is Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (18541900). He was born in Ireland, well known as a playwright, novelist, essayist and poet. In the early age, he had participated in his mothers Dublin salon,
13、and turned out an excellent literary talk. After being educated in Trinity College, Dublin, he attended Magdalen College, Oxford, where he won the Newdigate Prize for English Verse; he took a First Class degree in Classics in spite of a reputation for idleness. At Oxford, the aesthetic innovators su
14、ch as English writers Walter Pater and John Ruskin had a great influence over him.In 1881, Oscar Wilde published his first book, a collection of Poems. One year later, Wilde went to New York for a successful lecture tour, then he produced the first plays there, Vera; or, The Nihilists (1882) and The
15、 Duchess of Padua (1891) (as Guido Ferrandi), a blank verse tragedy, although not so successful. On returning to England he settled in London and married a wealthy Irish woman. Later, they had two sons. After that, he devoted himself exclusively to writing.Oscar Wilde published two collections of fa
16、iry tales The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888), and A House of Pomegranates (1892), a group of short stories Lord Arthur Saviles Crime (1891), and a melodramatic tale, his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891). Ultimately, he achieved fame with a succession of comedies, beginning with Lady
17、 Windermeres Fan (1892), and following up with A Woman of No Importance (1893) and An Ideal Husband (1895). His most characteristic play, The Importance of Being Earnest (also 1895) was proved the most successful. Few comedies of the English stage had such wit, elegance, and theatrical dexterity (Ha
18、rtnoll, Found 545). The last play of Oscar Wildes was the poetic one-act Salome, written in French. It was banned in England and was first seen privately in London until 1905 .Wilde also left an unfinished one-act play, A Florentine Tragedy which was later completed by Sturge Moore and was produced
19、in London in 1906.London witnessed Oscar Wildes tragic downfall at the peak of his career in 1895. He was accused of homosexuality by the Marquis of Queensbury, father of Wildes close friend, Lord Alfred Douglas. Wilde was convicted of homosexual offenses and sentenced to two years of hard labor in
20、prison. During the two years, he composed De Profundis (From the Depths, 1905), and a poem The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898). Financially bankrupt, ruined in health and spiritually downcast, Wilde left prison in 1897 and spent the rest of his life in Paris, using a pseudonym Sebastian Melmoth. Later
21、, Wilde died of meningitis in Paris on November 30, 1900.As ZhaoLi and Xu Jingan had summed up in the book Aestheticism, published by Peoples University Press in 1988, Wildes artistic theories mainly consist of three aspects: First, art should be separated from life in that beauty is second to nothi
22、ng and life is second to art; the beauty and value of art do not exist in life and nature. In writing, beautiful yet untrue stories, namely “lying” works should be advocated. Second, art itself is but the object in that art has its own independent life and value, being obligated to nothing. Only the
23、 beauty of form in art is worth seeking after. Third, art is prior to life in that life imitates art rather than life being reflected by art.Based on a general reading of Wildes all types of literary works, deep understanding of his artistic theories and analyzing of the morality of his works, this paper ultimately found that there were obvious contradictions within them.